Abstract:

The absorption and utilization processes of different forms of nitrogen and their effects on plant growth， stress resistance， quality and safety， as well as the effects of external environmental conditions on their effects were summarized. It showed that \mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{3}}^{-}-N could generally promote the root development of plants and promote the absorption of cations by plants. \mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{+}-N could alleviate the damage of salt stress and reactive oxygen species to plants， and also improve the resistance of plants to diseases. However， \mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{+}-N poisoning was easy to be caused by single application of \mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{+}， such as increase of cell acidity， reactive oxygen species damage and lignification of cell walls. In addition， the future research was prospected， which provided theoretical basis for rational application of nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture.

Key words: nitrogen form, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrogen utilization, growth and development

摘要：

对不同形态氮素的吸收利用过程及其对植株生长、抗逆性、品质和安全性的影响，以及外界环境条件对其作用效果的影响进行了综述，发现硝态氮（\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{3}}^{-}-N）可促进植株根系伸长及植株对阳离子的吸收；铵态氮（\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{+}-N）可缓解盐胁迫及活性氧对植株的伤害，还能提高植株对病害的抵抗能力，但单一施\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{+}-N易造成\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{+}毒害，如细胞酸度增加、活性氧伤害、细胞壁木质化等。此外，对今后的研究方向进行了展望，以期为农业氮肥的合理施用提供理论依据。

关键词: 氮素形态, 硝态氮, 铵态氮, 氮素利用, 生长发育