Effects of Straw Mulching on Shallow Water Soil on Alleviating Soil Salinization and Growth of Aquatic Vegetables

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0362

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of straw mulching in shallow water on mitigation of soil salinization and growth of water spinach， 5 treatments were set useing a plastic cultivation box with a nitrate nitrogen content of more than 1 200 mg·kg^-1 to grow water spinach in the greenhouse， which included 150 g （7 500 kg·hm^-2） rice straw with 5 cm （R150₅），150 g （7 500 kg·hm^-2） wheat straw with 40 cm （W150₄₀），150 g （7 500 kg·hm^-2） whole wheat stalk （W150）， 300 g （15 000 kg·hm^-2） wheat stalk with 10 cm （W300₁₀） and no mulching straw （CK）. The contents of soil nitrate nitrogen， organic carbon， total nitrogen， total phosphorus， total potassium， and water spinach yield and quality were determined. The results showed that the contents of soil nitrate nitrogen in straw mulching treatments were significantly lower than that of CK， and the decrease ranges were all above 50%. Except for W300₁₀ treatment， the soil organic carbon contents in the other treatments all decreased， but the decrease ranges were smaller than that of CK. The contents of available potassium in the soil of straw mulching treatments increased except for the W150₄₀ treatment. The total yields of water spinach in straw mulching treatments were higher than that of CK， and the R150₅ treatment showed higher yield. In conclusion， straw mulching in shallow water could alleviate soil salinization， increase the contents of soil organic carbon and available potassium， and significantly increase the yield of water spinach.

Key words: straw, soil salinization, water spinach, yield, nitrate nitrogen

摘要：

为探究浅水土表覆盖秸秆对土壤盐渍化的缓解效果和对蕹菜生长的影响，在大棚内利用硝态氮含量均在1 200 mg·kg^-1以上的重度盐渍化土壤采用塑料栽培箱浅水种植蕹菜，以不覆盖秸秆作对照，设置覆盖切段5 cm的水稻秸秆150 g（7 500 kg·hm^-2，R150₅）、切段40 cm的小麦秸秆150 g（7 500 kg·hm^-2，W150₄₀）、小麦整株秸秆150 g（7 500 kg·hm^-2，W150）和切段10 cm小麦秸秆300 g（15 000 kg·hm^-2，W300₁₀）共5种处理，测定不同处理下土壤硝态氮、有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾含量及蕹菜的产量和品质等指标。结果表明，覆盖秸秆处理土壤的硝态氮含量较对照均显著降低，降幅均在50%以上。除W300₁₀处理土壤有机碳含量增加外，其余覆盖秸秆处理土壤的有机碳含量均降低，但降幅小于对照。除W150₄₀处理外，其余处理土壤的速效钾含量均增加。覆盖秸秆处理的蕹菜总产量均高于对照，其中，R150₅处理的增产效果最显著。综上所述，浅水土表覆盖秸秆消耗了土壤中富余的硝酸盐，缓解了土壤盐渍化，同时为土壤提供了有机碳，增加了土壤速效钾含量，使蕹菜产量显著提高。

关键词: 秸秆, 土壤盐渍化, 蕹菜, 产量, 硝态氮

CLC Number:

S645.9

Hui LIU, Jiezeng JIANG, Hao ZHANG, Yongxian ZHANG, Jiayu QIAN, Dongsheng LI, Yan LYU, Huanrui WU. Effects of Straw Mulching on Shallow Water Soil on Alleviating Soil Salinization and Growth of Aquatic Vegetables[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(5): 202-208.

刘辉, 江解增, 张昊, 张永仙, 钱佳宇, 李东昇, 吕艳, 吴桓锐. 浅水土表覆盖秸秆对缓解土壤盐渍化及水生蔬菜生长的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(5): 202-208.

Figures/Tables 5

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取样时间 Sample time	处理 Treatment	有机碳 Organic carbon/ （g·kg^-1）	全氮 Total nitrogen/（g·kg^-1）	硝态氮 Nitrate/（mg·kg^-1）	全磷 Total phosphorus/ （ g·kg^-1）	速效磷 Available phosphorus/（mg·kg^-1）	全钾 Total potassium/ （g·kg^-1）	速效钾 Available potassium/ （mg·kg^-1）
种植前 Before planting	R150₅	12.34±0.32 d	1.12±0.23 a	1 253.73±60.18 b	3.59±0.12 bc	78.12±5.57 bcd	15.31±0.31 a	62.98±3.40 c
	W150₄₀	14.62±0.67 c	1.12±0.22 ab	1 506.71±85.68 a	3.78±0.17 ab	84.19±5.25 ab	15.21±0.06 a	67.48±1.11 bc
	W150	19.58±0.38 a	0.95±0.15 bc	1 590.61±24.73 a	3.85±0.11 ab	86.15±5.28 ab	15.12±2.15 a	59.12±3.40 c
	W300₁₀	18.91±0.35 a	1.15±0.14 cd	1 549.94±97.97 a	4.15±0.08 a	84.02±2.01 abc	17.21±0.17 a	69.41±2.23 bc
	CK	19.15±0.13 a	0.92±0.11 d	1 226.94±19.85 b	4.14±0.27 a	92.87±1.93 a	16.01±0.57 a	66.84±3.40 bc
种植后 After planting	R150₅	12.29±0.52 d	0.73±0.24 a	593.73±19.35 d	3.86±0.13 ab	73.56±0.70 cd	16.81±0.42 a	86.53±6.54 a
	W150₄₀	12.43±0.69 d	0.94±0.13 a	733.95±33.83 d	3.76±0.07 abc	71.53±0.91 d	16.79±0.30 a	58.87±6.10 c
	W150	16.50±0.11b	1.13±0.22 ab	691.58±96.08 d	3.52±0.15 ab	72.02±3.95 d	16.36±0.21 a	73.45±7.51 abc
	W300₁₀	19.20±0.24 a	1.21±0.21 bc	685.41±45.01 d	3.41±0.08 c	84.54±1.49 ab	15.93±0.93 a	81.00±9.23 ab
	CK	14.71±0.23 c	1.38±0.12 c	979.11±88.12 c	4.11±0.26 a	92.51±1.55 a	16.39±0.33 a	85.02±5.10 a

取样时间 Sample time	处理 Treatment	有机碳 Organic carbon/ （g·kg^-1）	全氮 Total nitrogen/（g·kg^-1）	硝态氮 Nitrate/（mg·kg^-1）	全磷 Total phosphorus/ （ g·kg^-1）	速效磷 Available phosphorus/（mg·kg^-1）	全钾 Total potassium/ （g·kg^-1）	速效钾 Available potassium/ （mg·kg^-1）
种植前 Before planting	R150₅	12.34±0.32 d	1.12±0.23 a	1 253.73±60.18 b	3.59±0.12 bc	78.12±5.57 bcd	15.31±0.31 a	62.98±3.40 c
	W150₄₀	14.62±0.67 c	1.12±0.22 ab	1 506.71±85.68 a	3.78±0.17 ab	84.19±5.25 ab	15.21±0.06 a	67.48±1.11 bc
	W150	19.58±0.38 a	0.95±0.15 bc	1 590.61±24.73 a	3.85±0.11 ab	86.15±5.28 ab	15.12±2.15 a	59.12±3.40 c
	W300₁₀	18.91±0.35 a	1.15±0.14 cd	1 549.94±97.97 a	4.15±0.08 a	84.02±2.01 abc	17.21±0.17 a	69.41±2.23 bc
	CK	19.15±0.13 a	0.92±0.11 d	1 226.94±19.85 b	4.14±0.27 a	92.87±1.93 a	16.01±0.57 a	66.84±3.40 bc
种植后 After planting	R150₅	12.29±0.52 d	0.73±0.24 a	593.73±19.35 d	3.86±0.13 ab	73.56±0.70 cd	16.81±0.42 a	86.53±6.54 a
	W150₄₀	12.43±0.69 d	0.94±0.13 a	733.95±33.83 d	3.76±0.07 abc	71.53±0.91 d	16.79±0.30 a	58.87±6.10 c
	W150	16.50±0.11b	1.13±0.22 ab	691.58±96.08 d	3.52±0.15 ab	72.02±3.95 d	16.36±0.21 a	73.45±7.51 abc
	W300₁₀	19.20±0.24 a	1.21±0.21 bc	685.41±45.01 d	3.41±0.08 c	84.54±1.49 ab	15.93±0.93 a	81.00±9.23 ab
	CK	14.71±0.23 c	1.38±0.12 c	979.11±88.12 c	4.11±0.26 a	92.51±1.55 a	16.39±0.33 a	85.02±5.10 a

取样时间 Sample time	处理 Treatment	蔗糖酶 Sucrase/（mg·g^-1·d^-1）	脲酶 Urease/（µg·g^-1·d^-1）	酸性磷酸酶 Acid phosphatase/（µg·g^-1·d^-1）
种植前 Before planting	R150₅	494.08±21.77 a	273.93±4.31 a	2 529.92±102.42 ab
	W150₄₀	419.39±9.76 c	318.24±8.07 a	1 899.19±6.37 c
	W150	505.35±3.35 a	269.24±9.53 a	2 586.42±155.27 ab
	W300₁₀	444.67±8.08 b	257.69±7.71 a	2 784.63±135.94 a
	CK	393.61±5.73 d	321.95±17.97 a	2 443.93±68.03 b
种植后 After planting	R150₅	16.52±0.12 g	217.64±19.42 a	2 502.92±73.28 ab
	W150₄₀	47.34±3.14 f	222.44±7.68 a	2 405.33±74.04 b
	W150	56.99±1.36 ef	282.91±23.72 b	2 667.94±143.31 ab
	W300₁₀	48.38±2.47 ef	259.43±15.18 b	2 431.66±74.33 b
	CK	71.93±4.33 e	264.70±21.59 b	2 400.60±51.49 b

取样时间 Sample time	处理 Treatment	蔗糖酶 Sucrase/（mg·g^-1·d^-1）	脲酶 Urease/（µg·g^-1·d^-1）	酸性磷酸酶 Acid phosphatase/（µg·g^-1·d^-1）
种植前 Before planting	R150₅	494.08±21.77 a	273.93±4.31 a	2 529.92±102.42 ab
	W150₄₀	419.39±9.76 c	318.24±8.07 a	1 899.19±6.37 c
	W150	505.35±3.35 a	269.24±9.53 a	2 586.42±155.27 ab
	W300₁₀	444.67±8.08 b	257.69±7.71 a	2 784.63±135.94 a
	CK	393.61±5.73 d	321.95±17.97 a	2 443.93±68.03 b
种植后 After planting	R150₅	16.52±0.12 g	217.64±19.42 a	2 502.92±73.28 ab
	W150₄₀	47.34±3.14 f	222.44±7.68 a	2 405.33±74.04 b
	W150	56.99±1.36 ef	282.91±23.72 b	2 667.94±143.31 ab
	W300₁₀	48.38±2.47 ef	259.43±15.18 b	2 431.66±74.33 b
	CK	71.93±4.33 e	264.70±21.59 b	2 400.60±51.49 b

采收次数 Harvest times	处理 Treatment	全氮 Total nitrogen/（g N·kg^-1）	全磷 Total phosphorus/（g P₂O₅·kg^-1）	全钾 Total potassium/（g K₂O·kg^-1）
第1次 First	R150₅	2.42±0.16 bcdef	0.44±0.03 g	4.02±0.13 bc
	W150₄₀	2.55±0.21 abcde	0.57±0.01 cdef	3.83±0.20 c
	W150	2.7±0.06 abc	0.57±0.04 def	4.73±0.26 a
	W300₁₀	2.62±0.12 abcd	0.54±0.01 ef	4.52±0.12 ab
	CK	2.09±0.53 cdefg	0.49±0.02 fg	2.16±0.26 ef
第4次 Fourth	R150₅	2.45±0.12 bcdef	0.66±0.01 bc	2.72±0.10 de
	W150₄₀	2.02±0.26 defg	0.76±0.01 a	2.28±0.06 ef
	W150	2.87±0.10 ab	0.65±0.05 bcd	2.28±0.06 ef
	W300₁₀	2.41±0.10 bcdef	0.68±0.03 b	3.02±0.06 d
	CK	3.12±0.14 a	0.67±0.03 b	1.53±0.26 g