Application of Sludge Biochar in Soil Improvement

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.1025

Abstract

Abstract:

With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization， sludge， as a by-product of sewage treatment， is increasing in yield. Organic pollutants and heavy metals in sludge taking some difficulties to make sludge harmless and resourceful. The biochar produced from sludge pyrolysis is a new way of sludge treatment in recent years， which has the advantages of stability， reduction and recycling. Sludge biochar is a kind of soil improvement material with good performance， which can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil， such as bulk density， pH， cation exchange capacity， heavy metal content， etc. In addition， Sludge biochar can also improve soil fertility and promote plant growth. This study summarized the composition of the sludge source and biochar sludge pyrolysis mode of production and characterization， and discussed the sludge biochar application of heavy metals on soil physical and chemical properties and the influence of mechanism. The research and application progress of single and cothermal sludge biochar were analyzed， and the main problems and future development direction of sludge biochar for soil improvement were put forward.

Key words: sludge biochar, pyrolysis, physical and chemical properties, heavy metal, soil improvement

摘要：

污泥作为污水处理的副产物，随着工业化、城镇化的快速发展其产量在不断地增加，污泥内的有机污染物和重金属给污泥的无害化、资源化带来一定的难度。污泥热解制备生物炭作为近年来新型的污泥处理方式，具有稳定、减量、可循环利用等优势。污泥生物炭是性能良好的土壤改良材料，能够对土壤容重、酸碱度、阳离子交换量、重金属含量等理化性质进行改善，提高土壤肥力，促进植物生长。总结了污泥的成分来源和污泥生物炭热解的生产方式及表征，讨论了施用污泥生物炭对土壤理化性质和重金属含量的影响机制，并分析了目前单一及共热污泥生物炭的研究应用进展，提出污泥生物炭在土壤改良中面临的主要问题及未来的发展方向。

关键词: 污泥生物炭, 热解, 理化性质, 重金属, 土壤改良

CLC Number:

S156

Xudong WANG, Xuebing REN, Shu TANG, Qin GUO, Mengyao XUE, Peng JIN, Yunhua ZHANG. Application of Sludge Biochar in Soil Improvement[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(6): 165-173.

王旭东, 任雪冰, 汤舒, 郭琴, 薛梦瑶, 金鹏, 张云华. 污泥生物炭在土壤改良中的应用研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(6): 165-173.

Figures/Tables 4

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方法 Method	加热速率 Heating rate/（℃·s^-1）	反应时间 Response time	温度 Temperature/℃	原材料粒径 Particle size/mm	成炭率 Solid/%	生物油 Liquid/%	合成气 Syngas/%
慢速热解 Slow pyrolysis	0.1~1	1~2 d	300~700	5~50	35	30	35
中速热解 Medium pyrolysis	1~10	0.5~20 s	450~550	1~5	25	50	25
快速热解 Fast pyrolysis	10~1 000	<20 s	420~600	<1	10	70	20
闪速热解 Flash pyrolysis	>1 000	<0.5 s	750~1 000	<1	10~25	50~75	10~30

方法 Method	加热速率 Heating rate/（℃·s^-1）	反应时间 Response time	温度 Temperature/℃	原材料粒径 Particle size/mm	成炭率 Solid/%	生物油 Liquid/%	合成气 Syngas/%
慢速热解 Slow pyrolysis	0.1~1	1~2 d	300~700	5~50	35	30	35
中速热解 Medium pyrolysis	1~10	0.5~20 s	450~550	1~5	25	50	25
快速热解 Fast pyrolysis	10~1 000	<20 s	420~600	<1	10	70	20
闪速热解 Flash pyrolysis	>1 000	<0.5 s	750~1 000	<1	10~25	50~75	10~30

重金属 Heavy metal	含量 Content/（mg·kg^-1）	国家标准（pH≥6.5） National standard （pH≥6.5）/（mg·kg^-1）	超标率 Over standard rate/%	国家标准（pH<6.5） National standard （pH<6.5）/（mg·kg^-1）	超标率 Over standard rate/%
铜Cu	55.7~2 867.4	1 500	2.3	800	7.1
镉Cd	0.4~39.9	20	5.5	5	27.4
锌Zn	42.1~3 568.3	3 000	5.9	2 000	10.3
铅Pb	9.3~370.0	1 000	1.0	300	1.3
砷As	0.9~61.8	75	0.0	75	0.0
泵Hg	0.1~15.8	15	2.9	5	20.0
镍Ni	13.1~495.3	200	3.5	100	12.1
铬Cr	10.6~639.0	1 000	0.0	600	1.6

重金属 Heavy metal	含量 Content/（mg·kg^-1）	国家标准（pH≥6.5） National standard （pH≥6.5）/（mg·kg^-1）	超标率 Over standard rate/%	国家标准（pH<6.5） National standard （pH<6.5）/（mg·kg^-1）	超标率 Over standard rate/%
铜Cu	55.7~2 867.4	1 500	2.3	800	7.1
镉Cd	0.4~39.9	20	5.5	5	27.4
锌Zn	42.1~3 568.3	3 000	5.9	2 000	10.3
铅Pb	9.3~370.0	1 000	1.0	300	1.3
砷As	0.9~61.8	75	0.0	75	0.0
泵Hg	0.1~15.8	15	2.9	5	20.0
镍Ni	13.1~495.3	200	3.5	100	12.1
铬Cr	10.6~639.0	1 000	0.0	600	1.6

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