Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (3): 198-211.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0757
• BIO-MANUFACTURING & RESOURCE AND ECOLOGY • Previous Articles
Kemeng AN1,2(
), Lixin ZHAO2, Zonglu YAO2, Jiadong YU2(), Zaixing LI1, Yali HUANG1, Yi LIANG2, Ruixia SHEN2
Received:2022-09-07
Accepted:2022-10-31
Online:2023-03-15
Published:2023-05-22
Contact:
Jiadong YU
安柯萌1,2(), 赵立欣2, 姚宗路2, 于佳动2(), 李再兴1, 黄亚丽1, 梁依2, 申瑞霞2
通讯作者:
于佳动
作者简介:安柯萌E-mail： akm3012@163.com；
基金资助:CLC Number:
Kemeng AN, Lixin ZHAO, Zonglu YAO, Jiadong YU, Zaixing LI, Yali HUANG, Yi LIANG, Ruixia SHEN. Research Progress of High-value Utilization of Straw to Synthesize Medium-chain Fatty Acids[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(3): 198-211.
安柯萌, 赵立欣, 姚宗路, 于佳动, 李再兴, 黄亚丽, 梁依, 申瑞霞. 秸秆高值利用合成中链脂肪酸研究进展[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(3): 198-211.
Fig. 1 Metabolic process of MCFAs synthesis by straw transformation
阶段 Stage | 底物 Substrate | 主要微生物 Main microorganism | 温度Temperature/℃ | pH | 产物 Product | 参考文献 Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
水解酸化阶段 Hydrolysis acidification stage | 玉米秸秆和牛粪Corn straw and cow dung | Bacillus，Clostridium | 50±1 | — | 乙酸和丁酸 Acetic acid and butyric acid | ［ |
稻草 Rice straw | Lactobacillus plantarum， Pediococcus pentosaceus， L. buchneri | 37 | — | 乳酸和乙酸 Lactic acid and acetic acid | ［ | |
小麦秸秆 Wheat straw | L. sanfranciscensis MW15，L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus MI，L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus DSM 20081 | 25 | 5.45～4.69 | 乳酸 Lactic acid | ［ | |
玉米青贮 Maize silage | L-period， Ruminococcus， Clostridium， Synergistaceae， Firmicutes， Pelotomaculum | 37 | 4.2～5.7 | 乳酸、丙酸、正丁酸和正己酸 Lactic acid， propionic acid， n-butyrate， n-caproate | ［ | |
合成气阶段 Syngas stage | CO、H2、CO2 | Clostridium ljungdahlii | 37 | 6.0 | 乙醇、乙酸 Ethanol， acetic acid | ［ |
| CO、H2、CO2 | Clostridium carboxidivorans | 37 | 5.2 | 乙醇、乙酸、丁醇Ethanol， acetic acid， butanol | ［ |
Table 1 Research progress on microbial technology of straw conversion to MCFAs
阶段 Stage | 底物 Substrate | 主要微生物 Main microorganism | 温度Temperature/℃ | pH | 产物 Product | 参考文献 Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
水解酸化阶段 Hydrolysis acidification stage | 玉米秸秆和牛粪Corn straw and cow dung | Bacillus，Clostridium | 50±1 | — | 乙酸和丁酸 Acetic acid and butyric acid | ［ |
稻草 Rice straw | Lactobacillus plantarum， Pediococcus pentosaceus， L. buchneri | 37 | — | 乳酸和乙酸 Lactic acid and acetic acid | ［ | |
小麦秸秆 Wheat straw | L. sanfranciscensis MW15，L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus MI，L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus DSM 20081 | 25 | 5.45～4.69 | 乳酸 Lactic acid | ［ | |
玉米青贮 Maize silage | L-period， Ruminococcus， Clostridium， Synergistaceae， Firmicutes， Pelotomaculum | 37 | 4.2～5.7 | 乳酸、丙酸、正丁酸和正己酸 Lactic acid， propionic acid， n-butyrate， n-caproate | ［ | |
合成气阶段 Syngas stage | CO、H2、CO2 | Clostridium ljungdahlii | 37 | 6.0 | 乙醇、乙酸 Ethanol， acetic acid | ［ |
| CO、H2、CO2 | Clostridium carboxidivorans | 37 | 5.2 | 乙醇、乙酸、丁醇Ethanol， acetic acid， butanol | ［ |
阶段 Stage | 底物 Substrate | 主要微生物 Main microorganism | 温度Temperature/℃ | pH | 产物 Product | 参考文献 Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
合成气阶段 Syngas stage | 4% H2，18% Ar， 78% CO | Clostridium aceticum | 30 | 8.5 | 乙酸 Acetic acid | ［ |
| H2、CO2 | L-period，Ruminococcus，Clostridium，Synergistaceae，Firmicutes，Pelotomaculum | 37 | — | 乳酸、丙酸、正丁酸Lactic acid， propionic acid， n-butyrate | ［ | |
碳链延长阶段 CE stage | 乙酸和丁酸Acetic acid and butyric acid | Clostridium kluyveri | 37 | 5.5～5.8 | 己酸 Caproic acid | ［ |
乳酸 Lactic acid | Ruminococcaceae bacterium CPB6 | 37 | 6.8 | 己酸 Caproic acid | ［ | |
乙酸乙酯、乙醇、CO、H2和CO2 Ethyl acetate， ethanol，CO， H2 and CO2 | Clostridium autoethanogenum， Clostridium kluyveri | 37 | 6.0 | 丁酸盐、己酸盐Butyrate， caproate | ［ | |
乙酸和丁酸 Acetic acid and butyric acid | Clostridium kluyveri，Azospira oryzae，Uncultured Rhodocyclaceae，Clostridiaceae bacterium FH052，Propionibacterium acidipropionici | — | 6.0 | 己酸 Caproic acid | ［ | |
| CO、H2、CO2 | Clostridium ljungdahlii PETC，Clostridium kluyveri DSM555 | 37 | 6.0 | 己酸 Caproic acid | ［ | |
| CO、H2 | Clostridium ljungdahlii，Clostridium autoethanogenum，Clostridium kluyveri | 37 | 6.2 | 己酸 Caproic acid | ［ |
Table 1 Research progress on microbial technology of straw conversion to MCFAs
阶段 Stage | 底物 Substrate | 主要微生物 Main microorganism | 温度Temperature/℃ | pH | 产物 Product | 参考文献 Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
合成气阶段 Syngas stage | 4% H2，18% Ar， 78% CO | Clostridium aceticum | 30 | 8.5 | 乙酸 Acetic acid | ［ |
| H2、CO2 | L-period，Ruminococcus，Clostridium，Synergistaceae，Firmicutes，Pelotomaculum | 37 | — | 乳酸、丙酸、正丁酸Lactic acid， propionic acid， n-butyrate | ［ | |
碳链延长阶段 CE stage | 乙酸和丁酸Acetic acid and butyric acid | Clostridium kluyveri | 37 | 5.5～5.8 | 己酸 Caproic acid | ［ |
乳酸 Lactic acid | Ruminococcaceae bacterium CPB6 | 37 | 6.8 | 己酸 Caproic acid | ［ | |
乙酸乙酯、乙醇、CO、H2和CO2 Ethyl acetate， ethanol，CO， H2 and CO2 | Clostridium autoethanogenum， Clostridium kluyveri | 37 | 6.0 | 丁酸盐、己酸盐Butyrate， caproate | ［ | |
乙酸和丁酸 Acetic acid and butyric acid | Clostridium kluyveri，Azospira oryzae，Uncultured Rhodocyclaceae，Clostridiaceae bacterium FH052，Propionibacterium acidipropionici | — | 6.0 | 己酸 Caproic acid | ［ | |
| CO、H2、CO2 | Clostridium ljungdahlii PETC，Clostridium kluyveri DSM555 | 37 | 6.0 | 己酸 Caproic acid | ［ | |
| CO、H2 | Clostridium ljungdahlii，Clostridium autoethanogenum，Clostridium kluyveri | 37 | 6.2 | 己酸 Caproic acid | ［ |
项目 Item | 原料 Raw material | 接种物 Inoculum | 温度 Temperature/℃ | pH | 电子供体 Electronic donor | 电子受体 Electron acceptor | 参考文献 Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
水解酸化生成 电子供体和 电子受体 Electron donor and electron acceptor generated by hydrolysis acidification | 玉米秸秆 Corn straw | 厌氧污泥 Anaerobic sludge | 45±1 | 4.9 | 乙醇0.866 4 g·L-1 Ethanol 0.866 4 g·L-1 | 乙酸8.030 4 g·L-1、丙酸0.444 0 g·L-1、丁酸1.421 1 g·L-1、戊酸0.037 4 g·L-1 Acetic acid 8.030 4 g·L-1， propionic acid 0.444 g·L-1， butyric acid 1.421 1 g·L-1， valproic acid 0.037 4 g·L-1 | ［ | |
玉米秸秆 Corn straw | 米根霉Rhizopus oryzae | 37 | 7.0 | 乳酸0.081 6 g·L-1 Lactic acid 0.081 6 g·L-1 | — | ［ | ||
小麦秸秆 Wheat straw | L. sanfrancisc-ensis MW15 | 25 | 5.5~4.7 | 乳酸101.8 g·kg-1原料 Lactic acid 101.8 g·kg-1 raw material | — | ［ | ||
玉米秸秆 Corn straw | 猪粪 Pig manure | 35±1 | 5.4~7.0 | — | 乙酸0.68 g·L-1、 丙酸小于0.3 g·L-1 Acetic acid 0.68 g·L-1， propionic acid <0.3 g·L-1 | ［ | ||
稻草 Rice straw | 猪粪 Pig manure | 35 | 7.2~7.4 | — | 乙酸12.22 g·L-1、 丙酸0.848 g·L-1、 丁酸2.206 g·L-1 Acetic acid 12.22g·L-1， propionic acid 0.848 g·L-1， butyric acid 2.206 g·L-1 | ［ | ||
| 玉米秸秆青贮饲料Corn straw silage | 厌氧颗粒污泥Anaerobic granular sludge | 38±1 | 7.0 | — | 乙酸和丙酸为主 挥发性脂肪酸含量 达到 19.34 g·L-1 Volatile fatty acid content of acetic acid and propionic acid was 19.34 g·L-1 | ［ | ||
热解气生成 电子供体和 电子受体 Electron donor and electron acceptor generated by pyrolytic gas | 60% CO，35% H2，5% CO2 | Clostridium ljungdahlii， Clostridium kluyveri | 35 | 6.0 | 乙醇 65.5 mmol C·L-1·d-1 Ethanol 65.5 mmol C·L-1·d-1 | 乙酸431 mmol C·L-1·d-1 Acetic acid 431 mmol C·L-1·d-1 | ［ | |
| 55% CO， 20% H2， 15% Ar，10% CO2 | Clostridium ljungdahlii | 37 | — | 乙醇 11.0～12.0 g·L-1 Ethanol 11.0～12.0 g·L-1 | 乙酸 28.0 g·L-1 Acetic acid 28.0 g·L-1 | ［ | ||
| CO， H2 | 复合菌群Mixed flora | 35±1 | 6.0±0.2 | — | 乙酸7.4 g·L-1、丁酸1.8 g·L-1 Acetic acid 7.4 g·L-1， butyric acid 1.8 g·L-1 | ［ | ||
| CO， CO2， CH4，H2 | Clostridium ljungdahlii | 121 | 9.0 | 乙醇48.0 g·L-1 Ethanol 48.0 g·L-1 | 乙酸3.0 g·L-1 Acetic acid 3.0 g·L-1 | ［ | ||
Table 2 Advances in bioconversion and thermochemical conversion to electron donor and electron acceptor
项目 Item | 原料 Raw material | 接种物 Inoculum | 温度 Temperature/℃ | pH | 电子供体 Electronic donor | 电子受体 Electron acceptor | 参考文献 Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
水解酸化生成 电子供体和 电子受体 Electron donor and electron acceptor generated by hydrolysis acidification | 玉米秸秆 Corn straw | 厌氧污泥 Anaerobic sludge | 45±1 | 4.9 | 乙醇0.866 4 g·L-1 Ethanol 0.866 4 g·L-1 | 乙酸8.030 4 g·L-1、丙酸0.444 0 g·L-1、丁酸1.421 1 g·L-1、戊酸0.037 4 g·L-1 Acetic acid 8.030 4 g·L-1， propionic acid 0.444 g·L-1， butyric acid 1.421 1 g·L-1， valproic acid 0.037 4 g·L-1 | ［ | |
玉米秸秆 Corn straw | 米根霉Rhizopus oryzae | 37 | 7.0 | 乳酸0.081 6 g·L-1 Lactic acid 0.081 6 g·L-1 | — | ［ | ||
小麦秸秆 Wheat straw | L. sanfrancisc-ensis MW15 | 25 | 5.5~4.7 | 乳酸101.8 g·kg-1原料 Lactic acid 101.8 g·kg-1 raw material | — | ［ | ||
玉米秸秆 Corn straw | 猪粪 Pig manure | 35±1 | 5.4~7.0 | — | 乙酸0.68 g·L-1、 丙酸小于0.3 g·L-1 Acetic acid 0.68 g·L-1， propionic acid <0.3 g·L-1 | ［ | ||
稻草 Rice straw | 猪粪 Pig manure | 35 | 7.2~7.4 | — | 乙酸12.22 g·L-1、 丙酸0.848 g·L-1、 丁酸2.206 g·L-1 Acetic acid 12.22g·L-1， propionic acid 0.848 g·L-1， butyric acid 2.206 g·L-1 | ［ | ||
| 玉米秸秆青贮饲料Corn straw silage | 厌氧颗粒污泥Anaerobic granular sludge | 38±1 | 7.0 | — | 乙酸和丙酸为主 挥发性脂肪酸含量 达到 19.34 g·L-1 Volatile fatty acid content of acetic acid and propionic acid was 19.34 g·L-1 | ［ | ||
热解气生成 电子供体和 电子受体 Electron donor and electron acceptor generated by pyrolytic gas | 60% CO，35% H2，5% CO2 | Clostridium ljungdahlii， Clostridium kluyveri | 35 | 6.0 | 乙醇 65.5 mmol C·L-1·d-1 Ethanol 65.5 mmol C·L-1·d-1 | 乙酸431 mmol C·L-1·d-1 Acetic acid 431 mmol C·L-1·d-1 | ［ | |
| 55% CO， 20% H2， 15% Ar，10% CO2 | Clostridium ljungdahlii | 37 | — | 乙醇 11.0～12.0 g·L-1 Ethanol 11.0～12.0 g·L-1 | 乙酸 28.0 g·L-1 Acetic acid 28.0 g·L-1 | ［ | ||
| CO， H2 | 复合菌群Mixed flora | 35±1 | 6.0±0.2 | — | 乙酸7.4 g·L-1、丁酸1.8 g·L-1 Acetic acid 7.4 g·L-1， butyric acid 1.8 g·L-1 | ［ | ||
| CO， CO2， CH4，H2 | Clostridium ljungdahlii | 121 | 9.0 | 乙醇48.0 g·L-1 Ethanol 48.0 g·L-1 | 乙酸3.0 g·L-1 Acetic acid 3.0 g·L-1 | ［ | ||
底物 Substrate | 接种物 Inoculum | 调控因素 Regulatory factor | 控制条件 Control condition | 目标产物 Target product | 参考文献Reference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 乙酸、乙醇Acetic acid， ethanol | 厌氧污泥 Anaerobic sludge | 乙醇/乙酸摩尔比（300 mmol总碳）从1∶2上升至3∶1 Molar ratio of ethanol/acetic acid （300 mmol total carbon） increased from 1∶2 to 3∶1 | pH 6.0~7.0， （30±1）℃ | 己酸从0.498 g·L-1提升至3.033 g·L-1 Caproic acid increased from 0.498 g·L-1 to 3.033 g·L-1 | ［ | |||
| 厌氧污泥发酵液Anaerobic sludge fermentation liquor | Clostridium kluyveri | 乙醇/SCFAs（乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸）摩尔比从1∶2上升至 2∶1 Molar ratio of ethanol/SCFAs （acetic acid， propionic acid， butyric acid， valeric acid） increased from 1∶2 to 2∶1 | pH 11， 37 ℃ | 己酸从2.04 g·L-1提高至 4.49 g·L-1Caproic acid increased from 2.04 g·L-1 to 4.49 g·L-1 | ［ | |||
玉米秸秆、乙醇 Corn straw，ethanol | 厌氧消化处理厂污泥Anaerobic digestion of sludge | pH 从5.6调至7.0 Adjusted pH from 5.6 to 7.0 | 37 ℃ | 己酸从1.88 g·L-1升高 到11.8 g·L-1，提高84.1% Caproic acid increased from 1.88 g·L-1 to 11.8 g·L-1，by 84.1% | ［ | |||
青贮秸秆 Corn stalk silage | 沼气厂发酵液Fermentation liquor of biogas plant | pH 4.5~5.0 | 38 ℃ | 己酸最大浓度 （8.1 ±2.0） g·L-1 Maximum concentration of caproic acid （8.1 ±2.0） g·L-1 | ［ | |||
青贮秸秆 Corn stalk silage | 厌氧污泥 Anaerobic sludge | 调控初始pH在4.500~5.011，发酵15 d后保持在7.5左右 Initial pH was controlled from 4.500 to 5.011， and kept at about 7.5 after 15 d | 35 ℃ | 己酸少量 Small amount of caproic acid | ［ | |||
高粱秸秆 Sorghum straw | 海洋沉积物 Marine sediments | 温度从55 ℃降至40 ℃ Regulate the temperature from 55 ℃ to 40 ℃ | — | 己酸提高至2.98 g·L-1 Caproic acid increased to 2.98 g·L-1 | ［ | |||
青贮秸秆 Corn stalk silage | 猪粪 Pig manure | 0~30 d温度控制在（30±1）℃， 31~90 d调控至（50±1）℃ Temperature was controlled at （30 ± 1）℃ for 0 ~ 30 d and （50 ± 1）℃ for 31 ~ 90 d | pH 6.0 有机负荷2.5 gVS· g-1·L-1 Organic load2.5 gVS· g-1·L-1 | 己酸增加了3.3倍，最大浓度6.0 g COD·L-1；辛酸增加了 2.2 倍 Caproic acid increased by 3.3 times， and the maximum concentration was 6.0 g COD·L-1； caprylic acid increased by 2.2 times | ［ | |||
甘蔗酒糟 Sugarcane lees | 颗粒污泥 Granular sludge | HRT从24 h降到1 h HRT reduced from 24 h to 1 h | pH 4.4~4.8 30 ℃ | 丙酸、乙酸、丁酸的最高生产率分别为3.11、1.68、 2.40 g·L-1 The highest productivity of propionic acid， acetic acid and butyric acid are 3.11， 1.68 and 2.40 g·L-1， respectively | ［ | |||
醋酸盐、乙醇 Acetate， ethanol | 厌氧污泥 Anaerobic sludge | HRT从30 h（发酵0~4 d）减少到8 h（发酵37~44 d） HRT reduced from 30 h （fermentation 0~4 d） to 8 h （fermentation 37~44 d） | pH 6.5~7.2 30 ℃ | MCFAs产生速率从9.3 g·L-1·d-1升至27.3 g·L-1·d-1 Rate of MCFAs production increased from 9.3 g·L-1·d-1 to 27.3 g·L-1·d-1 | ［ | |||
Table 3 Research progress in regulation process of MCFAs production
底物 Substrate | 接种物 Inoculum | 调控因素 Regulatory factor | 控制条件 Control condition | 目标产物 Target product | 参考文献Reference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 乙酸、乙醇Acetic acid， ethanol | 厌氧污泥 Anaerobic sludge | 乙醇/乙酸摩尔比（300 mmol总碳）从1∶2上升至3∶1 Molar ratio of ethanol/acetic acid （300 mmol total carbon） increased from 1∶2 to 3∶1 | pH 6.0~7.0， （30±1）℃ | 己酸从0.498 g·L-1提升至3.033 g·L-1 Caproic acid increased from 0.498 g·L-1 to 3.033 g·L-1 | ［ | |||
| 厌氧污泥发酵液Anaerobic sludge fermentation liquor | Clostridium kluyveri | 乙醇/SCFAs（乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸）摩尔比从1∶2上升至 2∶1 Molar ratio of ethanol/SCFAs （acetic acid， propionic acid， butyric acid， valeric acid） increased from 1∶2 to 2∶1 | pH 11， 37 ℃ | 己酸从2.04 g·L-1提高至 4.49 g·L-1Caproic acid increased from 2.04 g·L-1 to 4.49 g·L-1 | ［ | |||
玉米秸秆、乙醇 Corn straw，ethanol | 厌氧消化处理厂污泥Anaerobic digestion of sludge | pH 从5.6调至7.0 Adjusted pH from 5.6 to 7.0 | 37 ℃ | 己酸从1.88 g·L-1升高 到11.8 g·L-1，提高84.1% Caproic acid increased from 1.88 g·L-1 to 11.8 g·L-1，by 84.1% | ［ | |||
青贮秸秆 Corn stalk silage | 沼气厂发酵液Fermentation liquor of biogas plant | pH 4.5~5.0 | 38 ℃ | 己酸最大浓度 （8.1 ±2.0） g·L-1 Maximum concentration of caproic acid （8.1 ±2.0） g·L-1 | ［ | |||
青贮秸秆 Corn stalk silage | 厌氧污泥 Anaerobic sludge | 调控初始pH在4.500~5.011，发酵15 d后保持在7.5左右 Initial pH was controlled from 4.500 to 5.011， and kept at about 7.5 after 15 d | 35 ℃ | 己酸少量 Small amount of caproic acid | ［ | |||
高粱秸秆 Sorghum straw | 海洋沉积物 Marine sediments | 温度从55 ℃降至40 ℃ Regulate the temperature from 55 ℃ to 40 ℃ | — | 己酸提高至2.98 g·L-1 Caproic acid increased to 2.98 g·L-1 | ［ | |||
青贮秸秆 Corn stalk silage | 猪粪 Pig manure | 0~30 d温度控制在（30±1）℃， 31~90 d调控至（50±1）℃ Temperature was controlled at （30 ± 1）℃ for 0 ~ 30 d and （50 ± 1）℃ for 31 ~ 90 d | pH 6.0 有机负荷2.5 gVS· g-1·L-1 Organic load2.5 gVS· g-1·L-1 | 己酸增加了3.3倍，最大浓度6.0 g COD·L-1；辛酸增加了 2.2 倍 Caproic acid increased by 3.3 times， and the maximum concentration was 6.0 g COD·L-1； caprylic acid increased by 2.2 times | ［ | |||
甘蔗酒糟 Sugarcane lees | 颗粒污泥 Granular sludge | HRT从24 h降到1 h HRT reduced from 24 h to 1 h | pH 4.4~4.8 30 ℃ | 丙酸、乙酸、丁酸的最高生产率分别为3.11、1.68、 2.40 g·L-1 The highest productivity of propionic acid， acetic acid and butyric acid are 3.11， 1.68 and 2.40 g·L-1， respectively | ［ | |||
醋酸盐、乙醇 Acetate， ethanol | 厌氧污泥 Anaerobic sludge | HRT从30 h（发酵0~4 d）减少到8 h（发酵37~44 d） HRT reduced from 30 h （fermentation 0~4 d） to 8 h （fermentation 37~44 d） | pH 6.5~7.2 30 ℃ | MCFAs产生速率从9.3 g·L-1·d-1升至27.3 g·L-1·d-1 Rate of MCFAs production increased from 9.3 g·L-1·d-1 to 27.3 g·L-1·d-1 | ［ | |||
Fig. 2 Application technology of straw transformation to synthesize MCFAs
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