Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing on Volatile Compounds in Cabernet Sauvignon

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.1036

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to improve the aroma quality of wine grape raw materials， the effects of different ultra-high pressure treatment conditions on the volatile substances of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes were studied. The headspace-solid phase microextraction （HS-SPME） and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） were used，and the characteristic aroma was studied with principal component analysis and aroma profile analysis. The results showed that， compared with the control， the volatile compounds in grapes under different treatment conditions changed significantly （P<0.05）. Principal component analysis showed that the pressure operation of 400 MPa and the treatment conditions of 25 min were highly correlated with aldehydes and ketones with herbal and fruity smells in grapes. The aroma profile of volatile substances found that certain pressure and time treatment could significantly improve the odor intensity of grapes. Above results provided certain data references and technical support for applying and promoting high hydrostatic pressure technology in wine production.

Key words: high hydrostatic pressure, volatile compounds, principal component analysis, aroma profile analysis

摘要：

为改善酿酒葡萄原料的香气品质，研究不同超高压处理条件对赤霞珠葡萄果实挥发性物质的影响，利用顶空固相微萃取（headspace-solid phase microextraction，HS-SPME）与气相色谱-质谱联用技术（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry，GC-MS），对不同超高压条件处理的葡萄果实挥发性物质进行测定，结合主成分分析与香气轮廓描述对其特征香气进行分析。结果表明，不同处理条件下的果实挥发性物质与对照相比均发生显著变化（P<0.05）；主成分分析发现，400 MPa压力操作及25 min的处理时间均与果实中具有草本、果香气味的醛、酮类物质有较高的相关性；香气轮廓分析发现，一定的压力与时间处理可显著提高赤霞珠葡萄的气味强度。以上研究结果为超高压技术在葡萄酒生产中的应用与推广提供了一定的数据参考和技术支持。

关键词: 超高压, 挥发性物质, 主成分分析, 香气轮廓分析

CLC Number:

S663.1

Xueqing WANG, Bo ZHANG, Liting HAN, Zhuanzhuan LYU, Jianjun CHEN, Zhulin ZHANG, Junqiang ZHANG, Jianmei DU. Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing on Volatile Compounds in Cabernet Sauvignon[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(9): 146-158.

王学庆, 张波, 韩丽婷, 吕转转, 陈建军, 张竹林, 张军强, 杜建梅. 超高压处理对赤霞珠葡萄挥发性物质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(9): 146-158.

Figures/Tables 6

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类别 Species	化合物 Compound	对照 CK	压力处理Pressure treatment/MPa
类别 Species	化合物 Compound	对照 CK	100	200	300	400	500
醇类 Alcohols	己醇 1-hexanol	25.16±0.08 bc	28.76±1.37 a	27.96±1.10 ab	26.60±2.09 ab	16.80±1.34 e	23.29±0.25 c
	顺-3-己烯醇（Z）-3-hexenol	5.50±0.08 c	5.41±0.22 c	4.93±0.02 c	6.50±0.51 a	4.04±0.26 c	5.36±0.14 c
	反-2-己烯醇（E）-2-hexenol	31.25±0.68 a	26.46±1.36 b	19.56±0.65 c	27.40±1.65 b	17.05±1.14 d	20.71±0.49 c
	1-辛烯-3-醇 Oct-1-en-3-ol	1.80±0.04 c	2.27±0.18 b	2.59±0.07 a	1.78±0.25 c	0.77±0.10 d	2.81±0.12 a
	辛醇 1-octanol	0.92±0.05 a	0.97±0.01 a	0.99±0.05 a	0.79±0.01 b	0.70±0.06 c	—
	总计 Total	64.64±0.93 a	63.87±3.15 a	56.04±1.89 b	63.09±4.49 a	39.36±2.91 c	52.17±1.00 b
醛类 Aldehydes	己醛 Hexanal	372.87±34.52 b	313.90±5.23 c	378.96±1.37 b	370.97±0.22 b	531.29±18.16 a	185.80±26.99 d
	顺-3-己烯醛（Z）-3-hexenal	2.52±0.37 a	1.68±0.12 b	1.54±0.18 b	1.79±0.08 b	2.21±0.09 a	0.81±0.07 c
	庚醛 Heptanal	0.52±0.05 b	0.37±0.00 c	0.46±0.02 b	0.61±0.02 a	0.74±0.09 a	0.39±0.04 c
	反-2-己烯醛（E）-2-hexenal	710.16±25.49 b	482.48±5.64 c	509.52±3.15 c	717.67±15.12 b	822.43±20.31 a	327.03±31.16 d
	己醛二乙缩醛 1，1-diethoxyhexane	1.92±0.30 d	2.14±0.01 cd	2.47±0.19 c	3.05±0.15 b	3.86±0.07 a	1.20±0.14 e
	反-2-庚烯醛（E）-2-heptenal	1.56±0.06 bc	0.90±0.01 d	1.04±0.08 cd	1.31±0.02 bcd	2.16±0.56 a	1.73±0.15 ab
	反-2-辛烯醛（E）-2-octenal	0.53±0.05 b	0.43±0.04 b	1.06±0.11 a	1.11±0.08 a	1.16±0.14 a	1.14±0.11 a
	反，反-2，4-庚二烯醛（E，E）-2，4-heptadienal	0.84±0.03 c	0.67±0.02 d	0.74±0.07 cd	1.07±0.04 b	1.31±0.07 a	0.86±0.07 c
	反-2-壬烯醛（E）-2-nonenal	0.83±0.11 b	0.96±0.05 b	1.59±0.21 a	1.02±0.15 b	—	—
	反-2，顺-6-壬二烯醛（2E，6Z）-nona-2，6-dienal	0.51±0.09 c	0.95±0.01 b	1.38±0.17 a	0.81±0.08 b	—	—
	总计Total	1 092.28±61.06 b	804.48±11.14 d	898.77±5.55 c	1 099.41±15.96 b	1 364.42±39.41 a	518.96±58.72 e
酮类 Ketones	1-戊烯-3-酮 1-penten-3-one	1.04±0.32 b	0.54±0.10 c	0.56±0.03 c	0.73±0.03 bc	1.38±0.09 a	0.58±0.06 c
	4-甲基-3-戊烯-2-酮 4-methyl-3-penten- 2-one	53.67±2.65 b	40.35±0.63 d	46.17±2.54 c	53.85±2.19 b	71.16±4.38 a	34.40±1.46 e
	甲基庚烯酮 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one	0.80±0.04 b	0.52±0.00 c	1.06±0.05 a	0.53±0.01 c	0.51±0.04 c	0.50±0.16 c
	佛尔酮 Phorone	12.24±1.31 bc	10.63±0.23 c	14.03±0.46 b	16.93±1.57 a	12.72±0.05 b	7.90±0.02 d
	异佛尔酮 Isophorone	4.13±0.16 c	3.82±0.19 c	4.76±0.18 b	4.66±0.11 b	6.32±0.46 a	3.06±0.03 d
	总计 Total	71.88±4.49 bc	55.85±1.14 d	66.58±3.25 c	76.70±3.91 b	92.09±4.98 a	46.44±1.73 e
酯类 Esters	顺-3-己烯乙酸酯（Z）-3-hexenyl acetate	0.83±0.00 a	—	—	—	—	—
芳香族 Aromatic	苯甲醇 Benzyl alcohol	1.68±0.08 b	2.29±0.14 a	2.44±0.10 a	1.16±0.05 c	1.66±0.15 b	1.22±0.21 c
	苯乙醇 Phenylethyl alcohol	1.98±0.02 c	3.08±0.16 a	3.15±0.22 a	2.11±0.15 bc	1.81±0.12 c	2.35±0.16 b
	苯甲醛 Benzaldehyde	1.17±0.06 b	0.71±0.04 c	0.89±0.04 c	1.34±0.08 b	2.40±0.18 a	0.78±0.13 c
	总计 Total	4.82±0.16 c	6.08±0.35 ab	6.48±0.36 a	4.61±0.28 c	5.87±0.45 b	4.35±0.51 c
萜烯类 Terpenes	柠檬烯 Limonene	7.66±0.60 a	3.36±0.06 c	3.55±0.14 c	3.35±0.14 c	5.70±0.24 b	6.19±0.02 b
其他 Others	2， 6-二叔丁基对甲酚 Butylated hydroxytoluene	68.43±3.06 d	67.23±0.55 d	41.25±0.01 e	96.34±1.22 a	90.14±3.61 b	79.62±3.82 c
	1， 3， 5-三甲苯 Mesitylene	1.42±0.21 b	1.11±0.10 b	1.97±0.23 a	1.90±0.16 a	1.19±0.02 b	1.28±0.11 b
	总计 Total	69.85±3.27 d	68.34±0.65 d	43.16±0.24 e	98.24±1.38 a	91.33±3.63 b	80.90±3.93 c

类别 Species	化合物 Compound	对照 CK	压力处理Pressure treatment/MPa
类别 Species	化合物 Compound	对照 CK	100	200	300	400	500
醇类 Alcohols	己醇 1-hexanol	25.16±0.08 bc	28.76±1.37 a	27.96±1.10 ab	26.60±2.09 ab	16.80±1.34 e	23.29±0.25 c
	顺-3-己烯醇（Z）-3-hexenol	5.50±0.08 c	5.41±0.22 c	4.93±0.02 c	6.50±0.51 a	4.04±0.26 c	5.36±0.14 c
	反-2-己烯醇（E）-2-hexenol	31.25±0.68 a	26.46±1.36 b	19.56±0.65 c	27.40±1.65 b	17.05±1.14 d	20.71±0.49 c
	1-辛烯-3-醇 Oct-1-en-3-ol	1.80±0.04 c	2.27±0.18 b	2.59±0.07 a	1.78±0.25 c	0.77±0.10 d	2.81±0.12 a
	辛醇 1-octanol	0.92±0.05 a	0.97±0.01 a	0.99±0.05 a	0.79±0.01 b	0.70±0.06 c	—
	总计 Total	64.64±0.93 a	63.87±3.15 a	56.04±1.89 b	63.09±4.49 a	39.36±2.91 c	52.17±1.00 b
醛类 Aldehydes	己醛 Hexanal	372.87±34.52 b	313.90±5.23 c	378.96±1.37 b	370.97±0.22 b	531.29±18.16 a	185.80±26.99 d
	顺-3-己烯醛（Z）-3-hexenal	2.52±0.37 a	1.68±0.12 b	1.54±0.18 b	1.79±0.08 b	2.21±0.09 a	0.81±0.07 c
	庚醛 Heptanal	0.52±0.05 b	0.37±0.00 c	0.46±0.02 b	0.61±0.02 a	0.74±0.09 a	0.39±0.04 c
	反-2-己烯醛（E）-2-hexenal	710.16±25.49 b	482.48±5.64 c	509.52±3.15 c	717.67±15.12 b	822.43±20.31 a	327.03±31.16 d
	己醛二乙缩醛 1，1-diethoxyhexane	1.92±0.30 d	2.14±0.01 cd	2.47±0.19 c	3.05±0.15 b	3.86±0.07 a	1.20±0.14 e
	反-2-庚烯醛（E）-2-heptenal	1.56±0.06 bc	0.90±0.01 d	1.04±0.08 cd	1.31±0.02 bcd	2.16±0.56 a	1.73±0.15 ab
	反-2-辛烯醛（E）-2-octenal	0.53±0.05 b	0.43±0.04 b	1.06±0.11 a	1.11±0.08 a	1.16±0.14 a	1.14±0.11 a
	反，反-2，4-庚二烯醛（E，E）-2，4-heptadienal	0.84±0.03 c	0.67±0.02 d	0.74±0.07 cd	1.07±0.04 b	1.31±0.07 a	0.86±0.07 c
	反-2-壬烯醛（E）-2-nonenal	0.83±0.11 b	0.96±0.05 b	1.59±0.21 a	1.02±0.15 b	—	—
	反-2，顺-6-壬二烯醛（2E，6Z）-nona-2，6-dienal	0.51±0.09 c	0.95±0.01 b	1.38±0.17 a	0.81±0.08 b	—	—
	总计Total	1 092.28±61.06 b	804.48±11.14 d	898.77±5.55 c	1 099.41±15.96 b	1 364.42±39.41 a	518.96±58.72 e
酮类 Ketones	1-戊烯-3-酮 1-penten-3-one	1.04±0.32 b	0.54±0.10 c	0.56±0.03 c	0.73±0.03 bc	1.38±0.09 a	0.58±0.06 c
	4-甲基-3-戊烯-2-酮 4-methyl-3-penten- 2-one	53.67±2.65 b	40.35±0.63 d	46.17±2.54 c	53.85±2.19 b	71.16±4.38 a	34.40±1.46 e
	甲基庚烯酮 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one	0.80±0.04 b	0.52±0.00 c	1.06±0.05 a	0.53±0.01 c	0.51±0.04 c	0.50±0.16 c
	佛尔酮 Phorone	12.24±1.31 bc	10.63±0.23 c	14.03±0.46 b	16.93±1.57 a	12.72±0.05 b	7.90±0.02 d
	异佛尔酮 Isophorone	4.13±0.16 c	3.82±0.19 c	4.76±0.18 b	4.66±0.11 b	6.32±0.46 a	3.06±0.03 d
	总计 Total	71.88±4.49 bc	55.85±1.14 d	66.58±3.25 c	76.70±3.91 b	92.09±4.98 a	46.44±1.73 e
酯类 Esters	顺-3-己烯乙酸酯（Z）-3-hexenyl acetate	0.83±0.00 a	—	—	—	—	—
芳香族 Aromatic	苯甲醇 Benzyl alcohol	1.68±0.08 b	2.29±0.14 a	2.44±0.10 a	1.16±0.05 c	1.66±0.15 b	1.22±0.21 c
	苯乙醇 Phenylethyl alcohol	1.98±0.02 c	3.08±0.16 a	3.15±0.22 a	2.11±0.15 bc	1.81±0.12 c	2.35±0.16 b
	苯甲醛 Benzaldehyde	1.17±0.06 b	0.71±0.04 c	0.89±0.04 c	1.34±0.08 b	2.40±0.18 a	0.78±0.13 c
	总计 Total	4.82±0.16 c	6.08±0.35 ab	6.48±0.36 a	4.61±0.28 c	5.87±0.45 b	4.35±0.51 c
萜烯类 Terpenes	柠檬烯 Limonene	7.66±0.60 a	3.36±0.06 c	3.55±0.14 c	3.35±0.14 c	5.70±0.24 b	6.19±0.02 b
其他 Others	2， 6-二叔丁基对甲酚 Butylated hydroxytoluene	68.43±3.06 d	67.23±0.55 d	41.25±0.01 e	96.34±1.22 a	90.14±3.61 b	79.62±3.82 c
	1， 3， 5-三甲苯 Mesitylene	1.42±0.21 b	1.11±0.10 b	1.97±0.23 a	1.90±0.16 a	1.19±0.02 b	1.28±0.11 b
	总计 Total	69.85±3.27 d	68.34±0.65 d	43.16±0.24 e	98.24±1.38 a	91.33±3.63 b	80.90±3.93 c

分类 Species	化合物 Compound	对照 CK	时间处理Time treatment/min
分类 Species	化合物 Compound	对照 CK	5	15	25	35	45
醇类 Alcohols	己醇 1-hexanol	25.16±0.08 c	35.68±0.43 b	34.16±0.19 b	36.39±1.37 b	20.42±0.10 d	56.90±3.13 a
	顺-3-己烯醇（Z）-3-hexenol	5.50±0.08 bc	5.26±0.16 c	6.05±0.07 abc	6.85±0.26 ab	4.92±0.11 c	7.26±1.59 a
	反-2-己烯醇（E）-2-hexenol	31.25±0.68 b	28.97±0.68 bc	26.70±0.26 c	27.75±1.35 c	14.22±0.41 d	50.14±3.33 a
	1-辛烯-3-醇 Oct-1-en-3-ol	1.80±0.04 c	1.90±0.08 c	2.44±0.15 b	2.58±0.04 b	3.38±0.41 a	2.40±0.24 b
	辛醇 1-octanol	0.92±0.05 cd	0.94±0.04 cd	0.85±0.03 d	1.02±0.06 bc	1.04±0.05 b	1.22±0.01 a
	总计 Total	64.64±0.93 b	72.75±1.39 b	70.20±0.70 b	74.59±3.08 b	43.98±1.08 c	117.92±8.30 a
醛类 Aldehydes	己醛 Hexanal	372.87±34.52 b	388.15±18.70 b	435.46±24.08 a	451.35±24.45 a	270.80±4.60 d	324.78±2.30 c
	顺-3-己烯醛（Z）-3-hexenal	2.52±0.37 b	2.14±0.05 bc	1.88±0.13 c	3.11±0.01 a	1.15±0.04 d	1.90±0.33 c
	庚醛 Heptanal	0.52±0.05 bc	0.44±0.04 c	0.73±0.09 b	1.17±0.15 a	0.50±0.01 bc	0.98±0.20 a
	反-2-己烯醛（E）-2-hexenal	710.16±25.49 b	537.92±13.29 d	585.53±9.39 b	866.65±32.66 a	426.96±13.37 e	602.13±15.92 b
	己醛二乙缩醛 1，1-diethoxyhexane	1.92±0.30 d	3.68±0.07 b	4.08±0.47 b	4.99±0.01 a	2.82±0.17 c	—
	反-2-庚烯醛（E）-2-heptenal	1.56±0.06 c	1.11±0.09 d	1.49±0.25 c	2.62±0.04 b	1.54±0.14 c	3.50±0.23 a
	反-2-辛烯醛（E）-2-octenal	0.53±0.05 d	0.53±0.08 d	0.65±0.08 d	1.36±0.09 b	0.89±0.11 c	1.65±0.02 a
	反，反-2， 4-庚二烯醛（E，E）-2，4-heptadienal	0.84±0.03 c	0.63±0.03 d	0.99±0.07 b	1.73±0.01 a	0.88±0.09 c	—
	反-2-壬烯醛（E）-2-nonenal	0.83±0.11 c	0.81±0.11 c	1.21±0.18 b	2.06±0.09 a	0.70±0.03 c	2.35±0.22 a
	反-2，顺-6-壬二烯醛（2E，6Z）-nona-2，6-dienal	0.51±0.09 b	0.60±0.07 b	0.77±0.04 b	1.65±0.07 a	0.71±0.04 b	1.53±0.24 a
	2-甲基丁醛 2-methylbutanal	—	—	—	—	—	0.96±0.08 a
	3-甲基丁醛 3-methylbutanal	—	—	—	—	—	0.82±0.06 a
	总计 Total	1 092.28±61.07 b	936.02±32.53 c	1 032.79±24.78 b	1 336.69±57.49 a	706.94±18.60 d	940.61±19.60 c
酮类 Ketones	1-戊烯-3-酮 1-penten-3-one	1.04±0.32 ab	0.79±0.06 b	0.77±0.08 b	1.33±0.01 a	1.28±0.14 a	1.27±0.39 a
	4-甲基-3-戊烯-2-酮 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one	53.67±2.65 c	42.10±1.61 d	53.06±0.43 c	92.36±2.48 a	42.34±1.74 d	80.42±4.62 b
	甲基庚烯酮 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one	0.80±0.04 b	0.42±0.04 d	0.67±0.12 bc	1.41±0.22 a	0.51±0.03 cd	1.21±0.08 a
	佛尔酮 Phorone	12.24±1.31 bc	10.69±0.91 c	10.25±1.23 c	26.05±2.40 a	10.32±0.08 c	14.56±0.28 b
	异佛尔酮 Isophorone	4.13±0.16 b	3.66±0.14 b	4.29±0.09 b	5.50±1.10 a	4.22±0.15 b	6.53±0.39 a
	总计 Total	71.88±4.48 c	57.66±2.76 d	69.04±1.95 c	126.65±5.91 a	58.67±2.14 d	103.99±5.76 b
酯类 Esters	辛酸乙酯 Ethyl caprylate	—	—	1.65±0.13 a	0.86±0.10 c	1.05±0.02 c	1.26±0.17 b
	顺-3-己烯乙酸酯（Z）-3-hexenyl acetate	0.83±0.00 a	—	—	—	—	—
	总计 Total	0.83±0.00 d	—	1.65±0.13 a	0.86±0.10 cd	1.05±0.02 c	1.26±0.17 b
芳香族 Aromatic	苯甲醇 Benzyl alcohol	1.68±0.08 c	2.56±0.10 b	2.85±0.06 b	2.82±0.21 b	1.85±0.06 c	4.76±0.20 a
	苯乙醇 Phenylethyl alcohol	1.98±0.02 c	2.78±0.14 ab	2.40±0.16 ab	3.25±0.14 b	2.53±0.14 ab	4.90±1.03 a
	苯甲醛 Phenylethyl alcohol	1.17±0.06 d	1.34±0.13 d	2.30±0.24 c	3.09±0.06 b	1.40±0.09 d	6.70±0.21 a
	总计 Total	4.82±0.16 e	6.68±0.37 cd	7.55±0.46 c	9.16±0.41 b	5.78±0.29 de	16.36±1.44 a
萜烯类 Terpenes	柠檬烯 Limonene	7.66±0.60 a	4.70±0.38 b	3.69±0.11 c	3.72±0.11 c	3.41±0.04 c	3.35±0.19 c
其他 Others	2， 6-二叔丁基对甲酚 Butylated hydroxytoluene	68.43±3.06 d	107.21±4.65 b	107.12±2.14 b	95.31±0.41 c	131.78±3.14 a	101.83±3.96 bc
	1， 3， 5-三甲苯 Mesitylene	1.42±0.21 b	1.32±0.13 b	1.09±0.08 b	1.31±0.13 b	1.88±0.41 a	1.25±0.01 b
	总计 Total	69.85±3.27 d	108.53±4.78 b	108.21±2.22 b	96.62±0.54 c	133.66±3.55 a	103.08±3.97 b

分类 Species	化合物 Compound	对照 CK	时间处理Time treatment/min
分类 Species	化合物 Compound	对照 CK	5	15	25	35	45
醇类 Alcohols	己醇 1-hexanol	25.16±0.08 c	35.68±0.43 b	34.16±0.19 b	36.39±1.37 b	20.42±0.10 d	56.90±3.13 a
	顺-3-己烯醇（Z）-3-hexenol	5.50±0.08 bc	5.26±0.16 c	6.05±0.07 abc	6.85±0.26 ab	4.92±0.11 c	7.26±1.59 a
	反-2-己烯醇（E）-2-hexenol	31.25±0.68 b	28.97±0.68 bc	26.70±0.26 c	27.75±1.35 c	14.22±0.41 d	50.14±3.33 a
	1-辛烯-3-醇 Oct-1-en-3-ol	1.80±0.04 c	1.90±0.08 c	2.44±0.15 b	2.58±0.04 b	3.38±0.41 a	2.40±0.24 b
	辛醇 1-octanol	0.92±0.05 cd	0.94±0.04 cd	0.85±0.03 d	1.02±0.06 bc	1.04±0.05 b	1.22±0.01 a
	总计 Total	64.64±0.93 b	72.75±1.39 b	70.20±0.70 b	74.59±3.08 b	43.98±1.08 c	117.92±8.30 a
醛类 Aldehydes	己醛 Hexanal	372.87±34.52 b	388.15±18.70 b	435.46±24.08 a	451.35±24.45 a	270.80±4.60 d	324.78±2.30 c
	顺-3-己烯醛（Z）-3-hexenal	2.52±0.37 b	2.14±0.05 bc	1.88±0.13 c	3.11±0.01 a	1.15±0.04 d	1.90±0.33 c
	庚醛 Heptanal	0.52±0.05 bc	0.44±0.04 c	0.73±0.09 b	1.17±0.15 a	0.50±0.01 bc	0.98±0.20 a
	反-2-己烯醛（E）-2-hexenal	710.16±25.49 b	537.92±13.29 d	585.53±9.39 b	866.65±32.66 a	426.96±13.37 e	602.13±15.92 b
	己醛二乙缩醛 1，1-diethoxyhexane	1.92±0.30 d	3.68±0.07 b	4.08±0.47 b	4.99±0.01 a	2.82±0.17 c	—
	反-2-庚烯醛（E）-2-heptenal	1.56±0.06 c	1.11±0.09 d	1.49±0.25 c	2.62±0.04 b	1.54±0.14 c	3.50±0.23 a
	反-2-辛烯醛（E）-2-octenal	0.53±0.05 d	0.53±0.08 d	0.65±0.08 d	1.36±0.09 b	0.89±0.11 c	1.65±0.02 a
	反，反-2， 4-庚二烯醛（E，E）-2，4-heptadienal	0.84±0.03 c	0.63±0.03 d	0.99±0.07 b	1.73±0.01 a	0.88±0.09 c	—
	反-2-壬烯醛（E）-2-nonenal	0.83±0.11 c	0.81±0.11 c	1.21±0.18 b	2.06±0.09 a	0.70±0.03 c	2.35±0.22 a
	反-2，顺-6-壬二烯醛（2E，6Z）-nona-2，6-dienal	0.51±0.09 b	0.60±0.07 b	0.77±0.04 b	1.65±0.07 a	0.71±0.04 b	1.53±0.24 a
	2-甲基丁醛 2-methylbutanal	—	—	—	—	—	0.96±0.08 a
	3-甲基丁醛 3-methylbutanal	—	—	—	—	—	0.82±0.06 a
	总计 Total	1 092.28±61.07 b	936.02±32.53 c	1 032.79±24.78 b	1 336.69±57.49 a	706.94±18.60 d	940.61±19.60 c
酮类 Ketones	1-戊烯-3-酮 1-penten-3-one	1.04±0.32 ab	0.79±0.06 b	0.77±0.08 b	1.33±0.01 a	1.28±0.14 a	1.27±0.39 a
	4-甲基-3-戊烯-2-酮 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one	53.67±2.65 c	42.10±1.61 d	53.06±0.43 c	92.36±2.48 a	42.34±1.74 d	80.42±4.62 b
	甲基庚烯酮 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one	0.80±0.04 b	0.42±0.04 d	0.67±0.12 bc	1.41±0.22 a	0.51±0.03 cd	1.21±0.08 a
	佛尔酮 Phorone	12.24±1.31 bc	10.69±0.91 c	10.25±1.23 c	26.05±2.40 a	10.32±0.08 c	14.56±0.28 b
	异佛尔酮 Isophorone	4.13±0.16 b	3.66±0.14 b	4.29±0.09 b	5.50±1.10 a	4.22±0.15 b	6.53±0.39 a
	总计 Total	71.88±4.48 c	57.66±2.76 d	69.04±1.95 c	126.65±5.91 a	58.67±2.14 d	103.99±5.76 b
酯类 Esters	辛酸乙酯 Ethyl caprylate	—	—	1.65±0.13 a	0.86±0.10 c	1.05±0.02 c	1.26±0.17 b
	顺-3-己烯乙酸酯（Z）-3-hexenyl acetate	0.83±0.00 a	—	—	—	—	—
	总计 Total	0.83±0.00 d	—	1.65±0.13 a	0.86±0.10 cd	1.05±0.02 c	1.26±0.17 b
芳香族 Aromatic	苯甲醇 Benzyl alcohol	1.68±0.08 c	2.56±0.10 b	2.85±0.06 b	2.82±0.21 b	1.85±0.06 c	4.76±0.20 a
	苯乙醇 Phenylethyl alcohol	1.98±0.02 c	2.78±0.14 ab	2.40±0.16 ab	3.25±0.14 b	2.53±0.14 ab	4.90±1.03 a
	苯甲醛 Phenylethyl alcohol	1.17±0.06 d	1.34±0.13 d	2.30±0.24 c	3.09±0.06 b	1.40±0.09 d	6.70±0.21 a
	总计 Total	4.82±0.16 e	6.68±0.37 cd	7.55±0.46 c	9.16±0.41 b	5.78±0.29 de	16.36±1.44 a
萜烯类 Terpenes	柠檬烯 Limonene	7.66±0.60 a	4.70±0.38 b	3.69±0.11 c	3.72±0.11 c	3.41±0.04 c	3.35±0.19 c
其他 Others	2， 6-二叔丁基对甲酚 Butylated hydroxytoluene	68.43±3.06 d	107.21±4.65 b	107.12±2.14 b	95.31±0.41 c	131.78±3.14 a	101.83±3.96 bc
	1， 3， 5-三甲苯 Mesitylene	1.42±0.21 b	1.32±0.13 b	1.09±0.08 b	1.31±0.13 b	1.88±0.41 a	1.25±0.01 b
	总计 Total	69.85±3.27 d	108.53±4.78 b	108.21±2.22 b	96.62±0.54 c	133.66±3.55 a	103.08±3.97 b

CAS	序号 Number	化合物 Compound	阈值 Threshold /（μg·L^-1）	香气描述 Aroma description
928-96-1	A1	顺-3-己烯醇（Z）-3-hexenol	3.90	草本香 Grassy
928-95-0	A2	反-2-己烯醇（E）-2-hexenol	100.00	草本香、果香 Grassy， fruity
3391-86-4	A3	1-辛烯-3-醇 Oct-1-en-3-ol	1.00	草本香 Grassy
66-25-1	B1	己醛 Hexanal	4.50	草本香、果香 Grassy， fruity
6789-80-6	B2	顺-3-己烯醛（Z）-3-hexenal	0.25	草本香 Grassy
111-71-7	B3	庚醛 Heptanal	3.00	脂肪味、果香 Fatty， fruity
6728-26-3	B4	反-2-己烯醛（E）-2-hexenal	17.00	草本香、果香 Grassy， fruity
18829-55-5	B5	反-2-庚烯醛（E）-2-heptenal	4.60	草本香、脂肪味 Grassy， fatty
2548-87-0	B6	反-2-辛烯醛（E）-2-octenal	3.00	脂肪味、果香、坚果香 Fatty， fruity， nutty
18829-56-6	B7	反-2-壬烯醛（E）-2-nonenal	0.08	草本香 Grassy
557-48-2	B8	反-2，顺-6-壬二烯醛（2E，6Z）-nona-2，6-dienal	0.004 5	草本香、花香 Grassy， floral
1629-58-9	C1	1-戊烯-3-酮 1-penten-3-one	0.90	化学香 Chemical
138-86-3	D1	柠檬烯 Limonene	10.00	花香、草本香、果香 Floral， grassy， fruity