Effect of Water-soluble Fertilizers Containing Humic-acids on Maize Seedlings Growth and Soil Properties

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0859

Abstract

Abstract:

A pot experiment was conducted to assess the impact of various formulations of water-soluble fertilizers containing humic acids （WSF） on acidified brown soils in Yantai city with non-fertilizer treatment serving as control group（CK）. 6 topdressing treatments， including Market No. 1 （HJ）， Market No. 2 （GL）， Market No. 3 （LD）， Market No. 4 （XZ）， self-developed No.1 （NY） and self-developed No.2 （NE）， were applied at 2 application rates per fertilizer of 0.4（-0.4）or 2.0 mL·kg?1 soil（-2.0）. The impacts of different treatments on maize seedling height， stem diameter， biomass， cadmium （Cd） content， as well as soil physicochemical properties and available Cd content were compared. The results indicated that， compared to CK， the application of NY， XZ and NE elevated soil pH by 0.57~0.61， 0.55~0.62 and 0.49~0.64 units， respectively. The total exchangeable acidity of the soil treated with NY-0.4， NE-0.4 and XZ-2.0 decreased by 28.0%， 23.3% and 12.5%， respectively， accompanied by a corresponding decrease in exchangeable aluminum content by 51.2%， 29.1% and 18.0%. These outcomes were indicative of the potential to mitigate soil acidification and alleviate aluminum toxicity. The application of WSF generally augmented soil organic matter content， reduced soil electrical conductivity， improved the availability of soil nutrients， lowered soil cadmium availability， and fostered the growth of maize seedlings while inhibiting Cd absorption. These improvements collectively contributed to enhancing soil quality and crop quality. Soil acidity emerges was a pivotal factor influencing the activation， absorption and accumulation of Cd in the soil-maize seedling system. A comprehensive analysis of maize seedling growth and soil improvement revealed that the XZ product outperformed the other tested formulations. Above results provided valuable insights into the effects of WSF product properties， compositions and dosages on fertilizer efficacy， offering a reference for optimizing maize fertilization strategies and ameliorating degraded soils.

Key words: water-soluble fertilizers containing humic-acids（WSF）, soil acidification, soil improvement, maize seedling, cadmium

摘要：

为研究不同配方的含腐植酸水溶肥料（water-soluble fertilizers containing humic-acids，WSF）对烟台市酸化棕壤的改良效果，采用盆栽试验，以不施WSF为对照（CK），设置施用市场一号（HJ）、市场二号（GL）、市场三号（LD）、市场四号（XZ）、自研一号（NY）和自研二号（NE）6种追肥处理，每种肥料设置0.4（-0.4）、2.0 mL·kg^-1土（-2.0）2个施用量，比较不同处理对玉米苗株高、茎粗、生物量、镉含量以及土壤理化性质、有效态镉含量的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，根部灌施NY、XZ和NE后，土壤pH分别提高0.57~0.61、0.55~0.62和0.49~0.64个单位。NY-0.4、NE-0.4和XZ-2.0处理的土壤交换性酸总量分别降低28.0%、23.3%和12.5%，交换性铝含量分别降低51.2%、29.1%和18.0%，有助于缓解土壤酸化并减轻铝毒。施用WSF能提高土壤有机质含量，降低土壤电导率，改善土壤速效养分供应状况，降低土壤镉（Cd）的有效性，促进玉米苗生长并阻控Cd吸收，有助于提升土壤质量和作物品质。土壤酸度是影响Cd在土壤-玉米苗体系中活化、吸收和累积的关键因子。对玉米苗生长和土壤改良情况的综合分析表明，XZ的性能优于其他测试产品。研究结果有助于揭示WSF的产品性质、组分和用量对肥效的影响，可为优化玉米施肥方案和改良退化土壤提供参考。

关键词: 含腐植酸水溶肥料, 土壤酸化, 土壤改良, 玉米苗, 镉

CLC Number:

S145

Zihao WANG, Xue ZHOU, Donghan ZHANG, Hongyi LIANG, Yan WANG, Ziang ZHAO, Qing CHEN. Effect of Water-soluble Fertilizers Containing Humic-acids on Maize Seedlings Growth and Soil Properties[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(4): 209-220.

王子豪, 周雪, 张冬寒, 梁红怡, 王岩, 赵子昂, 陈清. 含腐植酸水溶肥料对玉米苗生长及土壤改良的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(4): 209-220.

Figures/Tables 6

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肥料特性 Fertilizer property	肥料类型 Fertilizer type
肥料特性 Fertilizer property	市场一号 HJ	市场二号 GL	市场三号 LD	市场四号 XZ	自研一号 NY	自研二号 NE
粒径 Particle size	微米级 Micron-sized	微米级 Micron-sized	—	—	微米级 Micron-sized	微米级 Micron-sized
pH	4.58	6.37	6.89	12.11	8.06	7.97
电导率 Electrical conductivity/（ mS·cm^-1）	59.7	86.3	70.5	114.0	53.2	36.3
纯氮 Pure N/（g·L^-1）	≥50	≥70	—	≥100	≥25	≥30
五氧化二磷 P₂O₅/（g·L^-1）	≥150	≥220	—	≥40	≥140	≥90
氧化钾 K₂O/（g·L^-1）	—	—	≥30	≥60	≥65	≥90
腐植酸 Fulvic acids/%	15.8	13.0	9.5	15.2	15.8	15.7
黄腐酸 Humic acids/%	4.24	2.95	13.90	0.74	15.10	16.40
有机质 Organic matter/（g·L^-1）	—	—	≥250	—	≥250	≥250
密度 Density/（g·cm^-3）	1.33	—	—	—	1.35	1.35

肥料特性 Fertilizer property	肥料类型 Fertilizer type
肥料特性 Fertilizer property	市场一号 HJ	市场二号 GL	市场三号 LD	市场四号 XZ	自研一号 NY	自研二号 NE
粒径 Particle size	微米级 Micron-sized	微米级 Micron-sized	—	—	微米级 Micron-sized	微米级 Micron-sized
pH	4.58	6.37	6.89	12.11	8.06	7.97
电导率 Electrical conductivity/（ mS·cm^-1）	59.7	86.3	70.5	114.0	53.2	36.3
纯氮 Pure N/（g·L^-1）	≥50	≥70	—	≥100	≥25	≥30
五氧化二磷 P₂O₅/（g·L^-1）	≥150	≥220	—	≥40	≥140	≥90
氧化钾 K₂O/（g·L^-1）	—	—	≥30	≥60	≥65	≥90
腐植酸 Fulvic acids/%	15.8	13.0	9.5	15.2	15.8	15.7
黄腐酸 Humic acids/%	4.24	2.95	13.90	0.74	15.10	16.40
有机质 Organic matter/（g·L^-1）	—	—	≥250	—	≥250	≥250
密度 Density/（g·cm^-3）	1.33	—	—	—	1.35	1.35

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[10]	Long ZHENG. Research on Effects of Genotypes and Environments on Cd Contents in Pakchoi [J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(9): 58-65.
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