Table of Content

15 August 2008, Volume 10 Issue 4

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Regulation of Gene Expression Involved in Plant Response to Drought

HU Shou-jing, ZHANG Zhi-li, HUANG Rong-feng

2008, 10(4):  1-6. 

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This paper mainly reviewed regulation of gene expression involved in response to drought and genetic engineering of drought tolerant crops. Drought is one of the most severe ahiotic stresses in plant growth and development. The major events of plant response to drought stress are perception and transduction of the stress signals through signaling components, resulting in activation of a large number of stress-related genes and synthesis of diverse functional proteins that coordinately regulate various physiological and metabolic responses.

Plant Mutation Breeding in Space Environment |and Analysis of Existing Problems

SONG Xing-shun, LIU Xue-mei, LI Kai-long, SONG Gui-bo, YANG Chuan-ping

2008, 10(4):  7-10. 

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Putting up in backtracked secondary planet and using space environment to carry out mutation breeding has become a new way for modem plant breeding and a new area for plant mutation breeding. Space mutation breeding in China has gained notable achievements, and bred many new varieties （lines）. But aat the same time, there still exist many problems to be solved, especially some theoretical research activities having a lot of contradictory results, which hindered the further development of space breeding. This paper reviews the mechanism of mutation breeding in space, mutagenic characteristics, its effect on plants, and carries out analysis and prospect on the existing problems.

Research Progress on Mechanism of High Efficient Water |Utilization in Intercropping System

CHAI Qiang

2008, 10(4):  11-15. 

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The characteristics and mechanism of water utilization in intercropping system are reviewed in this paper, and the key research fields related to intercropping in the future is prospected simultaneously. The difference between total water consumption in intercropping system and weighted average of water consumption in sole cropping systems is very limited, but the water use efficiency in intercropping system can be increased by 18% -99%. Intereropping system is in favor of providing an optimum soil moisture environment for crop development. The main causes for high efficient water utilization are as follows ： the difference of temporal and spaeial niche of water requirement by different crops, hydraulic lift, special canopy structure, high efficieent biomass accumulation characteristic and higher ratio of transpiration to evapo-transpiration. The future research fields will lie on interaction between soft moisture and root space-time distribution in intereropping system, relation between biochemical mutual function of partner crops and water utilization, induction and utilization of hydraulic lift, water efficient utilization based on ground improvement and water-saving irrigation technology based on root divided alternative irrigation.

Research Progress on Maize Sulfur Nutrition |Status and its Utilization

LI Hui-min, WANG Bao-li

2008, 10(4):  16-21. 

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With global climate changing warmer and warmer and sulfur deficiency in soil becoming more serious, it is necessary to strengthen the research on sulfur nutrition of com. This paper discusses the status of corn sulfur nutrition, the influence of corn-sulfur on maize＇ yield and quality, the role of sulfur in metabolism of maize, and the function of sulfur in maize stress resistance, etc. The paper also puts forward the research emphases and direction in the future.

A Review on Thermo-Chemistry Conversion of Animal Manure

HUANG Ye-fei, DONG Hong-min, ZHU Zhi-ping, TAO Xiu-ping, HUANG Hong-kun

2008, 10(4):  22-27. 

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Animal manure is one of the important resources of biomass energy, although the issue of environmental pollution caused by animal manure has become serious. To explore the possibility of the innovative approach to convert manure into energy, this paper introduced the research statues of technology on thermo-chemistry conversion （TCC） of animal manure abroad and at home, discussed the advantages and disadvantages of different TTC technologies including direct combustion, pyrolysis, liquefaction and gasification. Gasification is one of the attractive options with its relative low investment and wide application in straw biomass utilization. To speed up the improvement and its application of gasification in manure area, studies of gasification equipment, parameters optimization and environmental impact for animal manure are recommended.

Research Progress on Soil Biological Degradation and |its Remediation Technology

XUE Quan-hong, TONG Yan-an

2008, 10(4):  28-35. 

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On the basis of expounding the concept and mechanism of soil biological degradation, this paper discusses the unavoidability of soil biological degradation and the significance of controlling it. The paper also compares the control measures of soil biological degradation with ecological restoration, puts forward measures for preventing and curing soil biological degradation, suggests to organize united task forces with multiple disciplines of plant protection, soil science, plant nutrition, soil microbiology, plant ecology and chemical ecology, according to the principles of restoration ecology. Studies on soil biological degradation from micro ecological restoration view point are carried out.

A Survey on Changes of GM Food Safety Management in China

WANG Yong-jia, LIAN Li-xia, WANG Lei

2008, 10(4):  36-41. 

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For further improving the management of biological products, studies on evolution of GM food management policy are of great theoretical and practical significance. Taking the evolution of GM food safety management policy as a starting point, analysis was carried out on the reasons and effects achieved by evolution of GM food safety management policy from three angles： institutional economics, game theory and historical materialism. The strategies such as taking advantages of resource allocation mechanism, interest-driven mechanism, and carrying out the system of evidentiary hearing etc. were put forward.

Wastewater Facility Construction in Korean Rural Areas and Apocalypse |for Water Pollution Control in New Rural Areas of China

ZHOU Lv| LEE Byoung-ho, LI Jia-lin

2008, 10(4):  42-47. 

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Korean government is a main investor and plays a leading role in controlling water pollution in rural areas, through issuing plans, regulations and technical standards etc. to regulate construction. Statistical data show that the bio-film process is predominant sewage treatment technology in South Korean rural areas. Through analyzing South Korean experiences in construction drainage system and selecting sewage treatment technology in South Korean rural areas, this paper summarizes key parameters used in sewage treatment in South Korean rural areas and puts forward several suggestions for the construction of sewage treatment facilities in building new rural areas in China.

Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis between |Grain Yield and Traits of Plant Type in Rice

LI Qiang, WANG Jing-guo, AN Guang-ri, ZHANG Ming, ZOU De-tang, CUI Cheng-huan|

2008, 10(4):  48-55. 

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Twenty five traits associated with straw and leaf and panicle were evaluated, by using F1 and F2 derived from five combinations and their parents. Theresult showed that the yield were positively and significantly at 0.01 or 0.05 level correlated with the plant height, tillers per plant, last second leaf length, flag leaf length and last third leaf opening angle; and the yield were positively and significantly at 0.01 or 0.05 level correlated with the shape of panicle, panicle length, panicle weight, sitting of most second branch, spikelet of first and second branch, 1 000 grain weight, seed settingrate of first and second branch. Plant height, tillers per plant, spikelet of second branch, seed setting rate of first and second branch have exerted direct effect on yield, while the other traits have smaller effects on yield. Constructing a selection index by plant height, tillers per plant, panicle weight, seed setting rate of second branch, the dominant node with the most of second branch, can enhance the selection efficiency to yield.

Transferring Glyphosate-tolerant mG2-epsps Gene into Maize |Inbred Line via Pollen-tube Pathway

WANG Xiu-jun, LANG Zhi-hong| LU Wei, LIN Min| SHAN An-shan, HUANG Da-fang

2008, 10(4):  56-62. 

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A plant expression vector pUmG2 harboring the glyphosate-tolerant mG2-epsps gene was constructed and transferred into the maize inbred line X90 by pollen-tube pathway. Among the 1 542 transformed plants of TO generation, 32 glyphosate-tolerant plants were survived after sprayed with 0.25% glyphosate, and 29 of them were con- firmed positive plants by PCR analysis. The average transformation rate was 1.88%. Southern blot and Western blot showed that the rnG2-epsps gene had been introduced into maize genome and expressed correctly.

Cloning and Characterization of a Full-Length Cab Gene |Encoding the Light Harvesting Chlorophyll a/b  Binding Protein from Populus euphratica

WEI Li, XU Bing-liang| LEI Jiang-li| LIU Shui, TANG Yi-xiong, YIN Cui-cui, WU

2008, 10(4):  63-69. 

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A full-length eDNA encoding the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein was cloned firstly by RT-PCR and RACE-PCR from Populus euphratica, designated PeCab （GenBank accession number： EU078170 ）. Sequence analysis showed that the length of PeCab is 992 bp, including a complete open reading frame of 792 bp, encoding a protein of 263 amino acids. It belonged to type Ⅰ of PS Ⅱ. PeCab displayed high sequence identity with previously cloned Cab family genes of plant and was clustered close to Cab family genes of dicotyledon plants. Semiquantitative RT-PCR showed that PeCab was greatly induced by light and was responded to 6-BA,GA3 and NAA. The expression of PeCab did not change at transcriptional stage under darkness and ABA solution treatment. The research is not only to enrich the gene resource of Cab gene family, but also to establish the foundation for discovering the mechanism of light and various conditional adaption of Populus euphratica.

Studies on Identification of Resistance to Black Shank Disease of |Tobacco Germplasm Resources in Seedling Stage

YU Hai-qin, JIAO Fang-chan, XIAO Bing-guang, Li De-tuan, LU Xiu-ping

2008, 10(4):  70-75. 

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Resistance of 50 tobacco varieties to black shank in seedling stage was evaluated in this study. Among these varieties, 13 were resistant, 25 were moderate resistant, 10 were medium susceptible and 10 were susceptible. There were 24 varieties （48% of the total screened varieties） with less than 10 differences in value of three times resistance index. Among them, 13 were resistant, 8 were moderate resistant, 2 were moderately susceptible, and 1 was susceptible. There were 9 varieties with over 10 differences in value of three times resistance index which accounted for 18% of the total screened varieties. All of them had moderate resistance （6 varieties） or moderate susceptible （3 varieties） to black shank. These results showed that the resisttant or susceptible varieties were sensitive and could be identified within 5d of inoculation, and the disease occurred on seedlings of moderate resistance and moderate sensitive varieties could progress very quickly after 5d to 10d of inoculation.

The Effect of Different Silage Additives on the Quality of Bromegrass Silage

YU Zhu| BAI Chun-sheng, SUN Qi-zhong, XUE Yan-lin| HAN Li-ying, YU Yan-dong

2008, 10(4):  76-81. 

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Bromegrass （Bromus inermis Leyss. ） were ensiled with different additives, sucrose（20 kg · t^-1）, formic acid （2 kg · t^ -1 and 4 kg · t^ -1 ）, FAST-SILE （0. 002 5 kg · t^ -1 ） and FAST-SILE ＋ sucrose （0. 002 5 kg · t^ - 1 ＋ 20 kg · t^- 1 ）. All treatments were stored for 45 days, then sampling for the analysis of fermentation quality, chemical composition and aerobic stability of the bromegrass silage. The result indicated that formic acid can improve the silage fermentation quality and the aerobic stability; the sucrose can improve the silage fermentation quality, but can not improve aerobic stability. It can not only enhance the aerobic stability of silage, but also improve the silage fermenta- tion quality by adding FAST-SILE and FAST-SILE ＋ sucrose. And the treatment of FAST-SILE ＋ sucrose had better effect on improving silage fermentation quality than other treatments.

Studies on Current Software for Optimal Irrigation Water |Distribution Based on COM Component Technology

ZHAO Wen-ju, MA Xiao-yi| Ren Hong-yi | ZHAO Xi-an

2008, 10(4):  82-88. 

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Aimlng at improving the low currency of optimal water irrigation distribution software, on the platform of VB, MATLAB, etc. , a current software based on COM component for optimal irrigation canal system of water distribution is developed, which can operate without MATLAB and VB environment. This software can make the irrigation canal system a layer tree view map, dynamically link to canal system space-layout map and canal parameters database. Its users can easily edit the complex irrigation system structure and space-layout maps, modify the characteristic parameters of irrigation canals. Its test results show that this software has advantages of fast-programming, concise programs, friendly man-machine interface, high computing speed and with stable and reliable results. So this software can be conveniently used in assisting decision-making for optimal water distribution system.

Simulation of Plant Growth and Development under Control of IAA

ZHU Qing-sheng, HOU Ling-feng, LV Zhong-hua

2008, 10(4):  89-94. 

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In order to simulate the actual plant growth effectively and objectively, a simulation of plant growth regulated by IAA （indoleaeetic acid） was carried out integrated with considering the mutual impacts between exterior morphology, physiological mechanism and environment elements in this work. A model based on the open L system was constructed to demonstrate the adjusting role of IAA on plant growth. The model expressed the actual plant growth and 
development status affected by internal and external factors, and proved that the dynamic plant growth was controllable.

Over-expression of Aniline Dioxygenase Gene in Delftia tsuruhatensis |AD9 and Construction of Engineering Strain of |Multi-substrate Utilization

GENG Li-zhao, LIANG Quan-feng, ZHANG Wei, PING Shu-zhen, LU Wei, LIN Min, CHEN M

2008, 10(4):  95-99. 

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Delftia tsuruhatensis AID and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus PHEA-2 can utilize aniline and phenol as the sole carbon source, respectively. Catechol is the first mid-metabolites through the degradation of aromatic compounds, which is degrade by certain enzymes to TCA-cycle intermediates. A complete aniline dioxygenase gene from AID strain was cloned into a broad host range plasmid, the resulting plasmid pVD was introduced by triparental mating into wildtype strain AD9 and a phenol-degrading bacterium, A. calcoaceticus PHEA-2, respectively. The over-expression of aniline dioxygenase gene enhanced the aniline degradation of AD9 strain and conferred the capable of aniline utilization to the PHEA-2 strain.

Pilot Studies on Computer Vision Technique for Testing |Exterior Quality of Navel Orange

LIU Guo-min, ZOU Meng, LIU Mu-hua| LI Jing

2008, 10(4):  100-104. 

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According to image characteristics and classification standards of navel orange, computer vision and pattern recognition technology was used to realize automatic detection and classification. The original image was disposed fast and smoothly by median filtering and linear low passing filtering. Based on the statistical treatment of picture element color information of the navel orange image, the fruit image was effectively wiped off by setting up the values of B （blue）, H（hue） and S（saturation）. The parameters of diameter, shape, surface defects, color, and pigmentation ratio were extracted acccording to grading standards. The model referring the relation between character parameters and navel orange grading was set up by BP neural network. The results showed that the forecasting nicety could reach 85%.

Effect of Different Mowing Period on Alfalfa Hay Modulation

HAN Chun-yan, ZHAO Jin-mei| LIU Fu-yuan, SUN Qi-zhong

2008, 10(4):  105-108. 

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The quality of alfalfa hay from different mowing period was studied. The results show that the drying speed of alfalfa mowed during full flowering stage is faster than that mowed during initial flowering stage and pod-filling stage. For hay modulation, it takes 28 h to dry after mowing during full flowering stage, but 32 h to dry after mowing during initial flowering stage or pod-filling stage. The proper water content of hay is 20%. The protein content of alfalfa leaves in initial flowering stage is 1.38 - 1.95 times higher than that of stem, so leaves weight in alfalfa hay is a key factor to hay quality. Stem/leaf ratio of the hay mowed during different stage showed big differences. Stem/leaf ratio of the hay mowed during pod-filling stage is significantly higher than that mowed during full flowering stage and about 5-7 times higher than that mowed during initial flowering stage. The alfalfa mowed during initial flowering stage with little change in stem/leaf ratio and leaves weight is suitable for gaining high quality hay modulation.

Studies on Correlation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil, Lithometeor |and Leaves Around both Sides of Highway

YU Jian-qiao| WANG Xia, WEN Li| WANG Jing-shun

2008, 10(4):  109-113. 

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The section from Xinyi to Yangzhou in Beijing-Shanghai Highway was selected as research objective. The correlation of heavy metal pollution in soil, lithometeor and leaves along both sides of the road were analyzed. The results showed that there were prominent correlation coefficients between vehicle fluxes and soil surface, between soil surface and lithometeor, between soil surface and leaves, between lithometeor and leaves. These correlations clearly reflect the transferring process of the heavy metals around both sides of the Highway.

Analysis on the Structure of an Agriculture System |with Network as Center

SUN Ling, ZHU Ze-sheng

2008, 10(4):  114-118. 

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Studing the operating mechanism of agriculture system in internet times is one of the important issues in scientific management of agriculture production. According to structure-modeling method based on resource-sharing principle, this mechanism is analyzed by constructing an agricuhure system with net work as center to analyze the mechanism for a provincial leveled agriculture production management system. The initial results show that the agricultural system with a network as its center is an outcome of the common development of agriculture mechanization and informalization as well as their interaction. It can reduce the administrative levels in traditional agriculture production management system, and change the multi-leveled structure to single-leveled structure. Thus, agriculture production will present a new structure combining centralized management with scperatc execution. It is of important significance to study this agriculture operating mechanism for developing scientific station of agriculture resources and new management counter measures so as to adapt to the agriculture development model of new type.