Table of Content

15 October 2008, Volume 10 Issue 5

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Research Progress on CLV/WUS Signal Pathway |in Plant Shoot Apical Meristem

WANG Xi-ting, CHENG Zhi-jun, WAN Jian-min

2008, 10(5):  1-7. 

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Plant architecture is mainly determined by the developmental regulation of shoot apical meristem （SAM）. In Arabidopsis, the CLV/WUS pathway is one of the most important regulatory mechanisms of shoot apical meristem. The CLV pathway promotes organogenesis, while the WUS pathway induces meristem cell proliferation. CLV/WUS pathway is a feedback loop, which would maintain the balance between proliferation and differentiation. Homologous CLV and WUS were confirmed to be existed in rice and corn, which are representatives of cereal crops. On the basis of mutant gene cloning and phylogenetic comparison, it was proofed that CLV/WUS pathway was potentially conserved in cereal crops. Since the development of shoot apical meristem is correlated with yield and quality of cereal crops, further study on CLV/WUS signal pathway in cereal crops will contribute a lot to genetic improvement of cereal crops.

Research Progress on Rice Ragged Stunt Virus （RRSV）

ZHENG Lu-ping, XIE Li-yan| LIAN Ling-li| XIE Lian-hui

2008, 10(5):  8-12. 

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Rice ragged stunt virus （RRSV） is a member of genus Oryzavirus in family Reoviridae. Rice ragged stunt disease caused by RRSV is a serious rice disease in some countries of Southeast Asia, East Asia and South Asia. The occurrence of this disease seriously affects the local rice production. Recent research on RRSV biology and molecular biology were reviewed, and control measures for this disease were proposed.

International Situation Related Access, Exploitation and |Property System of Genetic Resources

WANG Zhi-ben

2008, 10(5):  13-18. 

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By means of investigating the international pattern of access, exploitation and benefit sharing of genetic resources under economic and technological globalization background, the necessity and urgency of forming a mechanism of rational access and fair benefit sharing of genetic resources were recognized. The national sovereignty principle and property rights of genetic resources with international recognition were construed and institutional arrangements for establishing and coordinating the mechanism of genetic resources access and benefit sharing were also analyzed.

Strategies for Prevention and Control of Agricultural |Pollution and Water Quality Improvement

XU Juan, MEI Xu-rong, LIU Guo-qiang, BAI Wei

2008, 10(5):  19-23. 

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About 30% of the pollution load in water is from agriculture in China. With the increase of agricultural output, agricultural life and production activities have brought great impact on environment. Together with the serious shortage of agricultural resources, agricultural pollution has severely threatened the safety of people＇s drinking water and grain food. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze the reason of agricultural pollution and its effect on water environment, to explore the key and difficult points of pollution control techniques, to establish a system strategy of pollution control and water quality improvement from the three angles as technology, policy and legislation. A good technical support is supplied to guarantee water safety, food safety and agriculture sustainable development in China.

The Status and Progress of the Farmland Straw-edible Fungi |Industry Recycling in Southeast China

WENG Bo-qi| LEI Jin-gui, JIANG Zhi-he, LUO Tao, HUANG Qin-lou| LIAO Jian-hua,

2008, 10(5):  24-30. 

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This paper expounds the development, industry status and role of edible fungi industry in China. Based on the strategic requirement and technical principles of circular economy development, this paper focuses on analyzing the straw-edible fungi industry status and main influence factors in southeast China, including production results and efficiency, straw resources, breeding, technical integration, fungi residues usage, etc. According to the evaluation of the technical level and research progresses, the technology strategies and management proposals are put forward to develop farmland straw-edible fungi industry and efficient recycling of agricultural resources in southeast China.

Testing System for Agro-products＇ Quality ＆ Safety in |Foreign Countries and its Enlightenment to China

WANG Fang, WANG Min

2008, 10(5):  31-34. 

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Focusing on 5 aspects as institution setup, financial support, system criterions, capability building and capability validation, testing systems for agro-product quality ＆ safety in United States, Canada, Great Britain and Korea etc. countries were summarized and analyzed. Relevant suggestions for esstablishing testing system of agroproduct quality ＆ safety in China were put forward.

Shallow Analysis on Edible Regulations and Market |Management of Aloe Food in Foreign Countries

ZHONG Ying, DONG Yin-mao, DUAN Sheng-lin

2008, 10(5):  35-40. 

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Aloe industry is a new industry in China, and edible aloe is managed according to ＂Managing Method for New Food Resources＂. On the basis of studyingedible regulations and market management of aloe in foreign countries, considering China＇s national situation, this paper carries out analysis with focus on relevant edible aloe regulations and market management mode in countries of European Union and other countries, puts forward suggestions for developing aloe industry in China, thus providing decision-making references for the government, and serving the canonical development of aloe industry in China.

Discussion on Discipline Development for Agricultural |Science and Technology Communication

LI Si-jing, ZHAO Qing-hui, HUANG Jia-zhang

2008, 10(5):  41-44. 

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Science and technology has been always playing an important role in modem agriculture development and new socialist countryside construction. Large number of agricultural technologies and achievements can be transformed into productivity through comprehensive application of farmers via effective communication means. The existing traditional agricultural extension system can hardly meet with the requirements of socialist marketing economic devel- opment. Many agricultural sci-tech communication practices are still lack of theoretical guidance. Based on the above reasons, the discipline development framework of agricultural science and technology is put forward. The Objective is to strengthen the communication research on extension practices and to enlarge agricultural sci-tech communication talents via discipline development, so as to put more and more vitality into the establishment of new agricultural sci- tech extension service system and to further promote the development of sci-tech innovation and rural economy in China.

Genome Structure and Functional Annotation of Nitrogen- |fixing Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501

YAN Yong-liang| YANG Jian, DOU Yue-tan| PING Shu-zhen| WANG Yi-ping, JIN Qi,

2008, 10(5):  45-52. 

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The genome sequencing of Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501 was accomplished by using the ＂shotgun＂ strategy, then the genome structure and gene function annotation analysis were also carried out. The genome of P. stutzeri A1501 is composed of 4 567 418 bp, with 4 146 ORFs. In the genome, 42 copies of repeat sequences encoding multiple transposases were identified, implying transposition in A1501 was very active and the lateral gene transfer was frequently between A1510 and other organisms. Comparative genomics showed that in order to adapt to the niche lifestyle, Pseudomonas strains modulate their genome structure and genome contents. The genetic basis of A1501 including the transport system, signal transduction system and the chemotaxis system etc. are identified by genome analysis. These systems are key points for bacteria to remain competitive in the rhizosphere environment, and to construct an associative high-nitrogen-fixing system with rice. The accomplishment of A1501 genome is a foundation for further transcriptomic and proteomics study.

Negative Regulation of Rice Whirly Transcription Factor for the Hypersensitive Response Induced by Non-host Pathogen Bacterium

YAO Qin-Tao, ZHANG Wen-wei| LIU Li| HAN Rong| JIAN Gui-liang| QI Fang-jun

2008, 10(5):  53-58. 

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The regulation function of rice Whirly transcription factor for rice hypersensitive response （HR） induced by non-host pathogen bacterium was studied with RNAi technology. A fragment of Oswhirly gene encoding rice Whirly transcription factor was amplified by PCR method, then inserted into 2 flanking MCSs of pTCK303 vector in forward or reverse direction. The constructed vector pTCK-Oswhy was the RNAi vector for Oswhirly gene silence and was used to transform rice cells mediated by the Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 strain. Results showed that hypersensitive response was obviously induced for pTCK303-Oswhy transformed rice cells after inoculation with non-host pathogen bacterium. The cell death rate of transformed rice cells was significantly higher than that of wild type or empty vector transformed rice cells. These results suggested that the Whirly transcription factor might be a negative regulator for the control of the rice induced hypersensitive response.

Pilot Plant Scale Test and Kinetic Studies on High Cell Density |Culture of Probiotics Lactobacillus casei Zhang

LI Yan, GAO Peng-fei, ZHAO Wen-jing, MA Shi-wei, ZHOU Qi, PAN Xiang-hui| ZHANG

2008, 10(5):  59-65. 

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Based on lab scale （3 L） experiments, the pilot plant scale test （30 L to 150 L） of the high cell density culture of L. casei Zhang was studied toget the optimal fermentation technology for industrial production. Under optimized culture conditions, the viable count of fermented liquid was 2.9 × 10^10cfu/mL and there was no significant different between pilot plant test and lab scale test. The kinetic models of growth and glucose consumption for L. casei Zhang were constructed using origin7.5 software based on the equations of ＂logistic equation＂ and fit well with the experimental data, with an average error of less than 10%. These models could forecast the actual fermentation process. Preliminary study was carried out on the influences of centrifugation and freeze-drying processes on cells after fermentation. Although the average viable cell count of the lyophilized powder was 2.65 × 10^11 cfu/g, which could meet the requirements of the probiotics and starter cultures, only 49.97% of L. casei Zhang cells were survived from freeze drying. So it＇s necessarily to make further study on how to improve the survival rate of L. casei Zhang during freeze drying.

Monitoring Changes of Grassland Growth Based on |Vegetation Index （NDVI） of MODIS- |A Case Study of Xilin Gol League

SI Ya-hui,ZHANG Wei

2008, 10(5):  66-70. 

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Based on the MODIS image data of Xilin Gol grassland during the period of 2002-2006, vegetation index NDVI was gained, the ten-day NDVI data was calculated using the maximum value composite method. The distribution of various type of grassland was classified by using the ten-day NDVI data combined with ground true date. The result showed that the division of vegetation determined by NDVI data was consistent with the real spatial distribution of vegetation. Then the changes in growth of Xilin Col grassland was investigated according to the variation of ten-day NDVI data between two years, the results showed that the vegetation state gradually developed better from 2002 to 2006. So the NDVI data could reflect the vegetation growth change exactly, and this method was effective to dynamically monitor the vegetation growth for the whole Xilin Col League.

Preliminary Exploration of Photovoltaic Power |Generating System in Plant Factory

BAO Shun-shu, YANG Qi-chang, WEN Jing| XIAO Jun

2008, 10(5):  71-74. 

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From the view point of reducing operating costs by plant factories, photovoltaic power generating system was integrated into plant factory to transform solar energy to electricity for the energy provision of plant factory operation. The application of solar energy technology is expected to cut down the energy consumption in plant factory, and reduce the dependency of plants production on conventional energy sources.

Application of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers |for Determination of Reserpine in Feed

SHI Xi-Zhi, WU Ai-bo, Qu Guo-run, ZHENG Su-lian, ZHANG Da-bing

2008, 10(5):  75-78. 

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The obtained molecularly imprinted polymers （MIPs） against reserpine （RES） was used as solid phase extraction adsorbents for enrichment and purification of reserpine in feed. Combined with regular HPLC analysis, the new method for reserpine determination based on molecularly imprinted polymers technology was developed, with sensitivity of 0. 05 μg/g, and recovery rate above 80%. This new method can be applied in practice.

Studies on Cultivation Technique for Stress Resistant and High |Yielding Alfalfa Grown in Kerqin Sandy Land

SUN Qi-zhong| HAN Jian-guo, YU Zhu, TAO Ya|Han Chun-yan, ZHAO Shu-fen

2008, 10(5):  79-87. 

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The results of two years＇ test indicate that the grass yield under dry-farming condition is Caoyuan No. 2 〉 Gongnong No. 2 〉 Aohan Alfalfa 〉 Rambler Alfalfa in Kerqin sandy land. The fitting sowing rates of alfalfa are 11.25 - 18.75 kg/hm^2. The safety sowing time for overwinter varieties is from late May to early June. Deep tillage can improve alfalfa＇s yield obviously. Compared with conventional flatten culture to wait rainfall, dry burying too wait rainfall with ridges and furrows make yield increase 30%. It can increase grass yield by using all fertilizer for base fertilizer and dressing fertilizer with rainfall at seeding stage, and the latter has better efficiency. Supplying earth behind freezing-up makes winter-survival rate to enhance 83.4% -93.5%, and deep ditching and fattening in winter are batter than earth supplement of flatten culture. Alfalfa and buckwheat mixed sowing indicates that there is a negative correlation （r = - 0. 958 0） between alfalfa＇s yield and buckwheat＇s sowing rate. Compared sowing at the same time with a alfalfa and buckwheat mixed sowing at different time, we find yield increase about 40.87%. Middle tillage and weeding can enhance alfalfa yield in the alfalfa and buckwheat mixed sowing field.

Studies on Sugar Residue Saccharification by |Diluted Acid Hydrolysis

BAI Yong-ke, CUI Hai-xin, Liu Qi, CAI Hong-chang

2008, 10(5):  88-93. 

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Sugarcane bagasse, beet pulp and sweet sorghum stalk are main sugar residue in sugar plants. In order to solve the re-using issue of residue, studies on sugar residue saccarification were conducted. A standard method was used to determine the contents of cellulose, semi-cellulose and lignin of three sugar residues. A self-designed reactor which can bear high temperature and pressure was adopted and cellulose materials were saccharificated by diluted acids hydrolysis. The highest reducing sugar yields of the three sugar residue materials were 69.89%, 64.88% and 70.28%, respectively. Based on data of the reducing sugar yield, reaction conditions were optimized, the influences of each factor on reducing sugar yield from three cellulose materials were analyzed.

Effect of Soil Bulk Density on Growth, Yield and |Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

WANG Shu-hui, LI Tian-fu

2008, 10(5):  94-98. 

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Effect of different soil bulk density on growth, yield and quality of K326 flue-cured tobacco variety was investigated by pot experiment. The results indicated that the tobacco growth was obviously delayed, and the plant height and leaf area index were seriously retarded with increase of soil bulk density. The growth of tobacco root was improved when the soil bulk density increased and reached 1.45 g/cm^3, but it was obviously inhibited if the soil bulk density was greater than 1.45 g/cm^3. The tobacco yield decreased with increase of the soil bulk density. The yield was of 82.6% lower than the control when the soil bulk density was 1.65 g/cm^3. The soil bulk density also had certain impact on tobacco leaf quality.

Design and Implement of an Expert System for Aquatic
Animals Diseases Based on WebGIS

DUAN Jin-rong, ZHANG Hong-yan, LIU Kai, XU Dong-po, ZHANG Min-ying, SHI Wei-gang

2008, 10(5):  99-103. 

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Based on the interrelated characters between aquatic diseases data and geographical

features, and data of regional aquatic diseases collected and packed up by Web

technology, an expert system on aquatic animal disease based on WebGIS was successfully

designed and accomplished, combined with relevant models of disease expert system. The

system included the functions of data transmission, SQL query and web publishing. Aquatic

employees could intuitively understand prevailing trend and the affected areas of aquatic

diseases on the electronic map through network. It is also very convenient for aquatic

disease management departments to make corresponding arrangements.

Analysis on Present Status of Agricultural Structure Adjustment in Hantai |District of Shaanxi Province and Countermeasures for Adjustment

ZHAO Lian-wu, XIE Yong-sheng| WANG Ji-jun| LIU Tao| HE Yi-feng| LI Wen-zuo

2008, 10(5):  104-109. 

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The industrial structure of agriculture has close relation with rural economic development and the income of the farmers. A reasonable agricultural industrial structure could realize optimal allocation of various resources, promote agriculture and rural economic development, increase farmers＇ income and ensure the socio-economic sustainable development in rural areas. Using correlation analysis, this article analyzed the changes of agricultural industrial structure and agricultural output value structure during the past ten years in Hantal district of Shaanxi province, and their effects on agricultural economic growth and net income per capita, then put forward suggestions for further adjusting the agricultural industrial structure, promoting agricultural economic growth and increasing farmers＇ income.

Studies on Present Status of Beijing Rural Informalization |and Countermeasures - Based on Investigation of 116 Towns in Beijing

ZHANG Xi-cai, QIN Xiang-yang, LI Jian-nan

2008, 10(5):  110-116. 

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Rural informalization is playing more and more important role in infrastructure construction of urban and rural areas, in development of modern agriculture, in improvement of public service and social management in rural areas, and in raising education and culture level in rural areas, etc. Because the rural informalization in China started late and developed at low level, lots of problems appeared, such as imperfect working mechanism, weak informationbased consciousness, difficulty in full performance of informalization, etc. In order to develop informalization in rural areas, it is necessary to perfect the information-oriented mechanism, to promote the integration of all main bodies of informalization, to constantly upgrading application level of informalization technologies in rural areas, and to constantly perfect the evaluation system of informalization.