Table of Content

15 June 2008, Volume 10 Issue 3

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Developing Transgenic Soybean to Promote
Soybean Industry in China

HAN Tian-fu1, HOU Wen-sheng1, WANG Ji-min2

2008, 10(3):  1-5. 

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The development of transgenic  soybean  is of importance for enhancing market competitiveness of soybean industry in China,

strengthening national food security and increasing farmers income by adjusting farming systems, decreasing production

cost, improving economic returns, and promoting science and technology advancement. China has owned a firm technical basis

and adequate social atmosphere for the research and development of transgenic soybean. By using its own technological

achievements and drawing on the experience of other countries, China should speed up the development of new transgenic

soybean varieties,  place emphasis on the breeding of cost-reducing, quality-improving, and resource-saving varieties to

realize the industrialization of transgenic soybean in the near future.

Isolation of Resistant Genes and Their Gene Engineering
Research Developments in Rapeseed

LIU Dan, LIU Gui-hua, WANG Han-zhong

2008, 10(3):  6-11. 

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Research  on resistant genes in rapeseed has been one of the most active fields in the oil crops researches, especially on

the transgenic aspect. But the developments on disease-resistance,insect-resistance,herbicide-resistance and drought & cold

resistance transgenic research are different. The emphases of disease-resistant and drought & cold resistant researches are

mainly confined on functional gene cloning aspect, and have not got prominent resistant transgenic lines yet. The researches

on resistances to herbicide and insects have been studied for many years and the technologies are comparatively mature. Some

transgenic rape varieties are already commercialized  in USA and Canada. At present, the studies on resistances to herbicide

and insects are centered on the transgenic cultivars applying and the safety assessment of environmental release.

Advance and Perspective in Research on Sugar Accumulation
and its Regulation in Sweet Sorghum Stalks

YUAN Cui-ping, WANG Yong-jun, WU Qiu-ping, DONG Shu-ting, WANG Kong-jun

2008, 10(3):  12-17. 

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Sweet sorghum (Sorghum biocolor L. Moench) is one of the leading candidates for cleaner energy crops, characterized by

abundant juice and high sugar content in its stalk. As a renewable bioenergy crop, the goal of planting sweet sorghum  is to

obtain high sugar yield. Therefore, it is necessary for improving sweet sorghum cultivars and cultivation practices
 to understand sugar yield formation and  regulation. In the present paper, we summarized the progress made in research on

the sugar components,distribution,accumulation and regulation including sowing time,mineral nutrition,cultivation and

planting density,source sink alteration
 in stem of sweet sorghum, analyzed the existing problems and viewd the research focuses in the future..

Research Progress in Bee and Honeybee Product as Biological Indicator for Monitoring Environmental Pollution

WU Li-ming1, WANG Yong1, TIAN Xiao-wei2, ZHAO Jing1

2008, 10(3):  18-23. 

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Bee and honeybee product are the reliable, sensitive and economic biological indicators for monitoring environmental

pollution. This paper expounds the roles of bee and bee product in monitoring heavy metals, pesticides, organic pollutants,

radioactive isotopes, and genetically modified crops and  prospects their development tendency in the near future.

Progress on the Biological Containment of Transgene Flow

KONG Ning, WANG Xu-jing, TANG Qiao-ling, WANG Zhi-xing, JIA Shi-rong

2008, 10(3):  24-30. 

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The possible impacts of transgene flow on environment and human health is one of the safety issues of GMC (genetically

modified crops) concerned by the scientific community and public. Although existing technologies (such as distance or

flowering time isolation and physical barrier, etc.) may limit or reduce transgene flow, however, it is not able to avoid the

gene flow fundamentally. In recent years, the development of a new strategy to control transgene flow via biological

containment has become a hot spot internationally. Current biological containments of gene flow include chloroplast

transformation, male sterility, seed sterility, cleistogamy, apomixes,transgene mitigation, gene split and gene deletion,

etc.

Heterogenic Genes for Commercialized Genetically Modified
Plants and Their Detection Techniques

LI Jun1, ZHENG Xiu-li2, DENG Ping-jian3, LIU Guo-zhen1,2

2008, 10(3):  31-39. 

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With the development of genome sequencing, molecular biology and transgenic techniques, the number of transgenic plants

authorized for release was increased rapidly. Genetic elements involved in transgenic plants, including selectable markers,

target genes and regulatory genes belongs to three categories (44 genes in total) were summarized in this paper. Plant

species and transgenic events authorized for release by US and European Union, genetically modified materials approved for

import by the Ministry of Agriculture of China were also summarized. The progress for the qualitative and quantitative

detection techniques, including PCR, microarray and combined techniques were discussed in the paper. The development of

transgenic plants and their detection technigues were summarized and outlooked at the end.


Status Quo and Prospects of Phosphate-soluble Microorganisms

WU Peng-fei, ZHANG Dong-ming, HAO Li-hong, QI Zhi-ping

2008, 10(3):  40-46. 

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Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential elements for plant growth and development. However the soluble and available P in soil

for plant to absorb is very limited, the ratio of effective inorganic phosphorus is about 2%~3 % of the total phosphorus.

According to the status quo of lacking effective phosphorus and abundant potential phosphorus resources in soil, the topic of

developing and utilizing phosphate-soluble microorganisms (PSMs) becomes a research hot spot in soil fertilizer and plant

nutrition area. This paper summarized the present situation of phosphate-soluble microorganisms (PSMs), their species,

distribution, and mechanism; prospects some problems existing in present research activities.


Present Status and Suggestions for the Studies on Key |Technology
of Planting Burley Tobacco with Superior Quality in Yunnan

SHANG Zhi-qiang

2008, 10(3):  47-53. 

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In order to improve the quality and usability of Yunnan burley tobacco, we introduced foreign germ plasm resources from

aboard and screened a good variety TN86 with high yield, good quality, high resistance to diseases and high adaptability to

ecological condition in Yunnan, and afterward selected and bred a new variety YNBS1. Through studying the technologies for

cultivation, curing, disease and insect control, we summarized a set of technical specification for producing Yunnan burley

tobacco with superior quality. At the production demonstration field, Yunnan burly tobacco grew tidily. Its color of air-

curing was uniform. The nicotine content was appropriate and the chemical constituents were in harmony. Its internal and

external qualities were obviously improved. Thus, a good variety and a set of cultivation technologies were provided to

Yunnan burley tobacco producing area.

Studies on the Advantages and Existing Problems of Minor Cereal
Crops Production in Midwest China and Countermeasures

2008, 10(3):  54-57. 

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Minor cereal crops play a very important role in the development of agriculture in Midwest China, especially in undeveloped

regions. They are one of the main resources of farmers income. This paper indicates that minor cereal crops production

and their industry possess advantages in regional resources, ecological benefit and economic efficiency. But at the same

time, the production conditions there are poor, overall planning is lacking, and production technology lags far behind. It

points out that attention must be paid to properly solve the relation between investment and extension in agriculture science

and technology for minor cereal crops and at the same time to ensure food security.

The Effects of Transcription Factor ABP9 Driven by Different Promoters
on Transgenic Arabidopsis Growth and Development

CHEN Zheng1, 2, ZOU Wei-hua2, ZHANG Xia2, TANG Yong1| FAN Yun-liu2, ZHAO Jun2

2008, 10(3):  58-63. 

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Plant expression vectors in which the expression of ABP9 is driven by IND（6xABRE-mini35S) or Pabp9 promoter were constructed

in this research, and the transgenic Arabidopsis plants respectively transformed with IND-ABP9 and Pabp9-ABP9  were obtained.

Morphological, developmental and physiological changes at germination, vegetative and reproductive growth stages were

examined between these transgenic plants and the others which were respectively transformed with vector pCHF3 and ABP9 driven

by routine 35S promoter, to evaluate the effects of transcription factor ABP9 driven by different promoters on plant growth

and development. The results indicated that the growth retardation defect caused by constitutive expression of ABP9  can be

alleviated by expressing ABP9  with an inducible promoter.

Over-expressing cyp71av1 and cpr Genes Enhances
Artemisinin Content in Artemisia annua L.

JING Fu-yuan1, ZHANG Ling1, LI Mei-ya1, TANG Ke-xuan1, 2

2008, 10(3):  64-70. 

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Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide derived from plant Artemisia annua L., is the most effective anti-malarial

drug. In an effort to increase the artemisinin production, cyp71av1 and cpr genes were cloned from A. annua cDNA using two

pairs of gene-specific primers which were designed according to the gene sequences at GenBank. Both genes were inserted

between cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and NOS terminator to construct expression cassettes, which were then

cloned into plant expression vector pCAMBIA2300, resulting in p2300-GYR containing both cyp71av1 and cpr genes.

Agrobacterium-mediated method was used to transform A. annua, and 20 independent transgenic plants were obtained. PCR

detection and Southern blot analysis demonstrated that the foreign genes were successfully introduced into A. annua genome.

Artemisinin contents in transgenic plants were determined by HPLC-ELSD and the result showed that artemisinin contents in

most transgenic plants were higher than that in control plants, with the highest artemisinin content in transgenic plant

being about 2.4-fold to that in the control plant. This study demonstrates that over-expressing cyp71av1 and cpr genes is an

effective approach to enhance artemisinin content in Artemisia annua L.

RAPD Analysis on Genetic Diversity of Ulmus pumila L.var.sabulosa

LI Fang-zhen1, WAN Tao1, YI Wei-dong1, CAI Ping2

2008, 10(3):  71-76. 

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Six populations of Ulmus pumila L.var.sabulosa and four comparison populations of  Ulmus pumila were analyzed using random

amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Fourteen random primers amplified 118 loci, average of each primers is 8.4, 83

fragments (at a proportion of 70.34%) were polymorphic at the individual level.According to genetic distance and clustering,

Ulmus pumila L.var.sabulosa and Ulmus pumila were in two branches obviously. This indicated that Ulmus pumila L.var.sabulosa

came into being and had kept biggest genetic distance. Hence, it proves the conclusion that Ulmus pumila L.var.sabulosa is a

variant of Ulmus pumila. There are definite differences among the population of Ulmus pumila L.var.sabulosa,which are closely

related to geographical distribution. This research demonstrates applicability of RAPD in the study of genetic diversity and

systematic research  of Ulmus pumila L.var.sabulosa are practicable.


Analysis on Good Characteristics and Breeding Achievements of |Huanghuazhan—the Core Germplasm be Planted as Early, Middle or Late Rice

ZHOU Shao-chuan1,2, LI Hong1, HUANG Dao-qiang1, LU De-cheng1, LAI Sui-chun1,

2008, 10(3):  77-83. 

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Huanghuazhan, a core germplasm which can be planted as early, medium or late rice, was bred from crossing Huangxinzhan and

Fenghuazhan. Its yield was higher than hybrid rice-Shanyou No. 63, its rice quality grades GB 1.  It is resistant to blast

and bacterial blight with good tolerance to high temperature. And it could double as restorer line in two-line hybrid system.

Four varieties derived from Huanghuazhan have passed the varietal examine and approval by Guangdong Province. Successful

breeding and application of Huanghuazhan has proved the high efficiency of rice core germplasm breeding.

Expression of Bacterial Hemoglobin with a Low O2-induced Promoter
Improves Recombinant Phytase Production in Pichia pastoris

TANG Hui-gui, HUANG Huo-qing, LUO Hui-ying, WANG Ya-ru, YANG Pei-long, YAO Bin

2008, 10(3):  84-89. 

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To improve the production of a recombinant phytase APPA in Pichia pastoris under O2 limitation, the PsADH2 promoter from

Pichia stipitis was employed to control the expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) encoding gene (vgb) in P. pastoris.

This promoter was activated under O2 limitation in P. pastoris. The expressed VHb enhanced the phytase APPA activity to 3

fold higher than that of VHb-free cell under O2 limitation, but no obvious effect on cell growth was observed.


Analysis of |Different Effectors Enhancing the Anther Culture
Ability of Autotetraploid Japonica Rice

CHEN Hong1, QIN Rui-zhen2

2008, 10(3):  90-96. 

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ice (Oryza sativa L.) anther culture was usually focused on diploid materials, thus it is meaningful to study the efficiency

of anther culture of tetraploid rice. Two japonica autotetraploid rice varieties, linglun and 02428, and their corresponding

diploids were used in the present work. A total of 22 induction medium was designed and divided into 3 groups to test the

effects of variety and concentration of sugar, concentration of agar, variety of basal media and hormone. The results

indicated that the combination of 6% sucrose and 0.75% agar was the best one for the callus inductivity of autotetraploid

rice,  N6 and NB with sucrose are more suitable for the anther callus induction in tetraploid rice.  It was found that the

improvement of inductivity in tetraploid rice was 2-fold than that of diploid rice by adding the hormones with the

concentration of 0.5 mg/L.However, kinetics was proved to be better for linglun and isopentenyladenine is better for 02428.

On the whole, significant difference of induction rate exists between tetraploid and diploid materials under the same culture

conditions. However, no coherent pattern was found when compared different varieties for the same medium, which indicates

that genotype is always a key factor in anther culture of rice. In conclusion, more factors should be considered for

enhancing the inductivity of certain rice varieties.


Preliminary Exploration of the Application of Antibacterial
Peptide in Cotton and Tobacco Tissue Culture

JIA Yun-chao1,2, BAI Wei1, ZHANG Rui1, LUO Shu-ping2, GUO San-dui1

2008, 10(3):  97-101. 

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The treatment of peeled cotton seeds by 0.1% mercuric chloride for 5 min, washed with sterile water 3~5 times, and then

immersed in 0.12 mg/mL antibacterial peptide liquid, was effective in preventing most common fungal contamination of the

cotton tissue culture, and did not effect the development of cotton roots. The using of antibacterial peptide in callus

induction stage showed no impact on cotton callus.The using of antibacterial peptide in the tobacco tissue culture showed no

impact on callus,shoots and shoots regeneration. Individual treatment by antibacterial peptide for the bacteria, the

bactericidal effect was less than that by cephalosprin, but the joint treatment of antibacterial peptide and cephalosprin

could prevent  bacterial contamination effectively. In this preliminary study antibacterial peptide could be  applied in

cotton and  tobacco tissue culture present good performances in fungal and bacterium contamination control.

Studies on the Photosynthesis Characteristics
of two Alfalfa Varieties

XU Li-jun1,2| WANG Bo3, YU Zhu4, SUN Qi-zhong2

2008, 10(3):  102-106. 

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The correlation of plant height, yield,net photosynthesis (Pn) and other factors of Golden Empress and Aohan were analyzed.

The results showed that the plant height of Aohan was higher than that of Golden Empress. However, its yield was lower than

that of Golden Empress. The  PAR could influence net Pn  of both varieties significantly. The air humidity, air temperature

and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration were was negatively correlated with netPn.

Studies on Antiviral Effect of |Chlorogenic Acid on PRRSV in vitro

WANG Xue-bing, CUI Bao-an, WEI Zhan-yong, QIU Jin-li, XU Duan-hong

2008, 10(3):  107-110. 

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Anti-PRRSV effect of chlorogenic acid  extracted from Chinese herbal medicine was investigated in Marc-145 cell by observing

cytopathic effect(CPE).The antiviral mechanism of herbs was determined by changing the different ways of drug administration

(before or after  virus inoculation).Results showed that chlorogenic acid had strong antiviral effect in vitro and could

inhibit the development of PRRSV.

The Dynamics of Effective Component Betaine in Lycium barbarum L.
after Applying |Avermectins and Pyidaben

ZHAO Zi-hua1,2, WANG Fang2, HE Da-han1, ZHANG Rong2

2008, 10(3):  111-115. 

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Avermectins and pyidaben are often applied to prevent Aceria pallida and Aculops lycii in Lycium barbarum L. in Ningxia as

acaricides. Betaine was extracted and the dust inside was removed by centrifugation. The content of betaine was determined by

new improved colorimetry, and the dynamics of effective component betaine in Barbary Wolfberry fruit was discussed after

applying avermectins and pyidaben by suggested dosage and doubling dosage. The result showed that the dynamics of betaine

contents remains the same after applying avermectins and pyidaben. The doubling dosage had a significant affect, the

concentration of betaine reached a peak value 3~5 days after application, then decreased to a level below normal one in 5~7

days, and got back slowly to contrast level in 7~14 days. The suggested dosages had few affect. All indicates that the dosage

of avermectins and pyidaben are the main reason that influenced the betaine dynamics. The average recovery rate of betaine

reclaimed by this method can reach 98.50%.

An Empirical Analysis on the Game between Leading Agricultural
Industry Enterprises and Farm Households 

JING Wei1, HOU Jun-qi2, LIU Lu-min1

2008, 10(3):  116-119. 

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On the basis of analyzing the present status of benefit relation between leading agricultural industry enterprises and farm

households, this paper sets up game models under fixed price, insurance price arrangement condition and project capital input

condition respectively. From these models, the authors find that insurance price arrangement and project capital as asset

specific inputs can effectively increase the costs for disobeying contract by both sides, thus to buildup the contract

stability. This is an effective way to improve the relationship between both sides.