Table of Content

15 October 2007, Volume 9 Issue 5

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50^th-Aniversary for Scientific and Technological Innovation in CAAS

LI Jian-ping| LU Jian-zhong| ZHU Xiao-feng, LIU Xu

2007, 9(5):  1-8. 

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Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences （CAAS）, established in 1957, is a national-level agricultural research organization undertaking national key programs about basic and applied basic, applied research and research in high and new technologies. Since its establishment 50 years ago, CAAS has made significant contributions in the domains of leading national agri-scientific-tech development, climbing scientific and technological peaks, solving big scientific and technological problems with basic, strategic, entire orientations, and key importance in agriculture and construction of rural economy . It also plays an important role in supporting and organizing nation-wide agri-scientific- tech cooperation.

Theoretic Analysis and Counter Measures for Modern Agriculture

K0NG Xiang-zhi, LI Sheng-jun

2007, 9(5):  9-12. 

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The objective to develop modem agriculture, put forward in 2007, is taken as the primary task for New Socialist Rural Area Construction. Modem agriculture means a new development phase following the phases of original and traditional agriculture. This article firstly expounds the conception of modem agriculture, the background of its putting forward and the mode for its development; then analyzes the developing basis of modem agriculture from the perspective of agriculture, rural area, and peasant respectively; points out the five difficulties existed during the development of modern agriculture, and furtherly proposes corresponding suggestions from four aspects.

Achievement and Prospect of Agricultural Biotechnology |Development in China

DAI Xiao-feng

2007, 9(5):  13-19. 

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This paper expatiates that agricultural biotechnology has built core competitive ability for the country in the coming years and has brought us great opportunity for development, as genomics has brought profound revolution in science, technology, research methodology, organizing mode, industrialization, and society revolution. It also recalls systematically the research progress and outstanding achievements in agricultural hiotechnology during the past 5 years in China, and discusses about the priority domains and key directions for further development.

Research on Building Cluster Innovation Platform in |Agricultural Science and Technology Park

YANG Jing-hua, XU Yue-xian

2007, 9(5):  20-23. 

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It is necessary to build cluster innovation surrounding and core for operation in constructing cluster innovation platform in agricultural science and technology park. The cluster innovation surrounding includes the internal and external ones, Through forming a mutual acting network between favorable cluster innovation industrial surrounding and main innovation bodies, the growth of new cluster innovation main bodies in agricultural science and technology park are promoted. The motile role of main innovation bodies is fully displayed, thus a powerful innovation and operation main bodies are formed in agricultural science and technology park.

Present Status on Utilization of Distant Hybridization |and Heterosis in Rice

HE Qiang, DENG Hua-feng, SHU Fu, ZHANG Wu-han

2007, 9(5):  24-29. 

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At present, rice breeding mainly utilizes the recombination of excellent genes among cultivated rice and favorable genes from few wild rice and non-Oryza species among gramineae. The heterosis and gene pyramiding of the distant species are one of the valid methods for resolving the difficult problem of integrating high-yield, good quality and multi-resistance. This paper briefly introduces the present condition of rice remote hybridization research, its characteristics, roles, classification and the main approach of distant heterosis utilization, in order to provide reference to rice remote hybridization breeding.

Analysis on Influencing Factors and Improving Approaches of Crop Utilization Efficiency for Rainfall in Farmland at the Loess Plateau

FENG Hao, ZHA0 Xi-ning, WU Pu-te

2007, 9(5):  30-35. 

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High efficient rainfall resources＇ conversion and utilization is of significant importance for improving integrated efficiency of irrigated agriculture and rain fed farming at the Loess Plateau. Based on analyzing the concept and influencing factors for improving crops rainfall utilization efficiencyand farmland rainfall production potential of the related research achievements, the paper introduces the methods and approaches for improving crop rainfall utilization efficiency from five aspects of increasing storage capacity of soil reservoir and ground-slipcover of farmland, promoting the growth of crop root system, decreasing crop inefficient vaporization, and persistently increasing soil fertility, etc. At last, according to technical development requirement for rainfall resources＇ conversion and utilization, the paper suggests several technical emphases for research and development orientatiion to improve rainfall resources utilization in the near future.

Progress in Transgenic Plants Producing Pharmaceutical Proteins

CHEN Yu-hui, ZHA0 Ling-xia, CUI Li-jie, TANG Ke-xuan

2007, 9(5):  36-44. 

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The application of transgenic plants as bioreactors in the production of highly valued medical polypeptides and proteins, including antibodies, vaccines and pharmaceutical proteins has many advantages over other production systems, and has become a hot spot in plant genetic engineering and pharmaceutical biotechnology in recent years. The internal and external research progress, development tendency and existing problems in this area were reviewed in this article.

Theory and Practice of Restoration and Construction of |Stable Forest Ecosystem by Utilizing Insect Viruses

ZHANG Yong-an, QU Liang-jian, WANG Yu-zhu

2007, 9(5):  45-52. 

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This paper takes restoring and constructing relative stable ecological system to realize sustainable control of pest insects as major theory. It analyzes the present status of forest pest insects and bio-control technique in China and looks forward to the future. It also carries out discussion on the concept, criterion of stable ecological system and the methods of restoring and constructing forest ecosystem. Meanwhile, it also analyzes the role of insect viruses insecticide in restoring and constructing the stable forest ecology system, according to the results of experiments with 4 kinds of insect viruses insecticides. This indicates insect virus is one of the effective measures for constructing and restoring stable ecosystem, which takes insect as core.

The Application of BAC Library in Metagenomics |Research of Rumen Microbe

ZHU Ya-xin, D0NG Xiu-zhu,HUANG Li, D0NG Zhi-Yang

2007, 9(5):  53-57. 

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The conventional method depending on culture by separation has encountered un-overstepped obstacle for studying rumen microbes. Yet the development of metagenomic libraries and the related technologies has established a new platform for discussing the relationship between the uncultured microbes and the complicated microbes. The application of this method in rumen microorganisms research should have a broad prospect. This article summarizes the applying potential of metagenomic libraries technology in researches about the rumen BAC Libraries. At the same time, it also introduces some progress in applying this technology for rumen microorganism research.

Analysis on the Role of Honeybee Industry in National Economy |and the Factors Influencing its Development

LI Hai-yan, WANG Yong, WU Zhong-gao, WU Jie| LIU Shi-li

2007, 9(5):  58-62. 

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Study was carried out to analyze and fix accurately the function and position of honeybee industry in national economy and the key factors which affect the display of this function, so as to ensure the honeybee industry to display better function in the national economy. The data and references were collected by massive literature investigation and first hand study （including farmers, inhabitants, experts, scholars, entrepreneurs）, and were compileed and analyzed by consult overseas correlation profession procedure. The result indicates that honeybee is the most ideal pollinator, and honeybee industry has played a vital role in maintenance of environment development and protection of ecological equilibrium. At present, propaganda should be vigorously carried out on the role of honeybee pollination in increasing agriculture production and protection of ecological equilibrium. To put it short, we must develop regulations to protect pollination, cultivate key enterprise and promote the progress of industrialization, so as to increase agriculture yield and farmers＇ income. We have to realize that protecting bee is protecting the human being.

Welfare Raising is Basic Requirement for Organic Animal Husbandry

GU Xian-hong

2007, 9(5):  63-67. 

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Based on the concepts of animal welfare and organic animal husbandry, this paper expounds the inherent relation between the two, their development status, significance for practice and the importance in China. Finally, it discusses the role of animal welfare and organic animal husbandry in promoting the sustainable development of animal hus- bandry in China. It is therefore concluded that welfare raising is a basic requirement for organic animal husbandry, and that developing welfare raising and organic animal husbandry will solve the problems of environmental pollution, quality and safety of products confronting animal husbandry in China.

Sustainable Management of Rice Pest and Adjustment |of Agricultural Structure

YU Da-zhao| CA0 Ya-zhong, YANG Xiao-jun| YANG Li-jun| WANG Shao-nan

2007, 9(5):  68-72. 

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New challenges on rice safety production need to be faced along with the adjustment of agricultural structure, the abnormal global climate as well as the speeding up of world economics integration process. Rice pests give an important attribute to rice safety production. This paper elaborates the new changes of rice pests brought about by restructuring plant industry, the abnormal global climate, the requirement for higher product quality, the changes in rural employment structure and the internationalization extension of hybrid rice. In order to achieve the sustainable rice pest management, the strategies are proposed on vigorously holding the scale management and professional production, strengthening the infrastructure construction for plant protection, enhancing the development of high-tech achievements so as to provide excellent technical back-up, improving the agricultural social service system, strengthening the construction of responsible pest control mechanism and upgrading management level, as well as enhancing the international cooperation to do a good job in the field of regional management.

Analysis of Accepted and Funded General, Young Scientist＇s and |Regional Programs in Agronomy Subject of NSFC in 2007

YANG Xin-quan, LU0 Jing, WEI Chao-ling, LI Ya-ning

2007, 9(5):  73-79. 

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Statistical analysis was carried out on general, young scientist＇s and regional programs accepted and funded by agricultural division of the National Natural Science Foundation of China （ NSFC ） in 2007. Combined with program information gathered since 2003, this paper analyzes the subject distribution, research property, PI background, organization characteristics and variation tendency of the programs accepted and funded by agronomy subject. The problems existing in the process of reviewing the accepted programs were also analyzed, so as to let the applicants know more about the applying and supporting information of the subject.

Analysis on Differences of ABCD Gene Expression in Bud and Flower Development of Rape （Brassica napus）

HU Xiao-mei, ZHU Xin, WANG Jian-mei, YANG Yi, LI Xu-feng

2007, 9(5):  80-86. 

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Expression and functions analysis of ABCD genes, which related to the development of floral organ in rape （Brassica napus ）, was carried out by optimized semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） with the buds and flowers of rape at seven different development stagges as the material, which was the first time to study ABCD model in rape. It indicated that in rape, six of ABCD genes that are Apetalal, Apetala2, Apetala3, Pistillata, Agamous and Agamous-like11, exhibited a variation in the expression level at the different development stages. This paper also expounds the similarity and differences of ABCD model in gene expression and expression level in both Arabidopsis and rape. It is of great significance for further analyzing the expression of ABCD gene in buds and flowers, for rape breeding, and for research on cytoplasmic male sterile and on flower pattern change.

Studies on Constitutive and Secretive Expression of Codon-Optimized |Recombinant Aflatoxin-Detoxifizyme （rADTZ） in Pichia pastoris

ZU0 Zhen-yu, LIU Da-ling, HU Ya-dong, HU Rong, YA0 Dong-sheng

2007, 9(5):  87-94. 

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Aflatoxin-detoxifizyme （ADTZ） , being from Armillariella tabescens, can effectively decompose aflatoxins. The 5＇coding region of its eDNA was optimized according to the codon bias of Pichia pastoris to make it secretively express in Pichia pastoris with higher performance. Two-step DNA synthsis was used to synthesize the eDNA sequence being optimized of ADTZ （OPT-ADTZ）. OPT-ADTZ was connected with constitutive plasmid pGAPZaA to construct the reecombinant plasmid pNOA. pNOA was linearized and then transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115. Then codonoptimized ADTZ was constitutively and secretively expressed in Pichia pastoris.

Studies on the Intestinal Enzyme-Producing Microflora in |Typical Marine Finfish Scarus ovifrons Temminck et |Schlegel, 1846 at Sublayer of the South China Sea

HUANG Guang-xiang| ZH0U Zhi-gang, HE Su-xu, SHA0 Na, SHI Peng-jun, LIU Yu-ehu

2007, 9(5):  95-100. 

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The intestinal microflora in Scants ovifrons Temminck et Schlegel, 1846 at suhlayer of the South China Sea were isolated and identified by 16S, 18S rDNA sequences as well as the neighbour-joining phylogenetic trees. And the enzyme-producing microflora such as protein enzyme, mannanase, xylanase, cellulose enzyme, and amylase were screened by selective culture medium. The results showed that 23 isolates of intestinal microflora were identified, in which 14 isolates were the enzyme-producing microflora and mainly excreted protein enzyme and partly excreted cellulose enzyme, mannanase and xylanase; theenzyme-producing microflora were mainly Bacillus sp. ; the isolate of H-16, J-13 or Y-13G from the intestine of Scarus ovifrons Temminck et Schlegel, 1846 might represent new microflora due to the less than 97% similarity after the blast of its 16S or 18S rDNA sequence. The results indicated that rich enzyme-producing microflora existed in the intestine of the marine finfish Scarus ovifrons Temminck et Schlegel, 1846 at sublayer of the South China Sea.

Establishment of Sequence Characteristic Amplified |Region Markers of Glycyrrhiza Seeds

QI Jian-jun| LI Xian-en| LI Xue-yu, ZH0U Li-li| MA Xiao-jun

2007, 9(5):  101-104. 

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Glycyrrhiza is a common used traditional Chinese medicine. There are Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Glycyrrhiza infleta and Glycyrrhiza glebra three plants, according to codex. The manual cultivation of Glycyrrhiza is a main resource of medicinal materials, and the seeds of these plants come from cultivation or collection from wild plants. Therefore, it is very easy to mix the seeds. In this research, RAPD PCR were carried out on the collected 5 species of Glycyrrhiza seed. Cloning and sequencing were used for the specific bands on the random amplified polymorphism DNA PCR profiles, and then according to the sequences specific primers were designed for sequence characteristic amplified region （SCAR） marker. The result showed that three primers pairs combbination, GC1F/GC1R, GC2F/ GC2R, and GC3F/GC3R, could successfully applied for Glycyrrhiza seed identification.

Effects of Floatable Nursing Method of Cotton Seedling on its |Biological Characteristics and Yield Components |of Transplanted Cotton

XI0NG Ge-sheng, CHEN Jin-xiang,TANG Hai-ming

2007, 9(5):  105-109. 

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This paper, taking Nongza 66 as material, studies the most suitable sowing depth and sowing manner for floatable nursing seedling in water-bed （FNSWB） and the effects of FNSWB on seedling biological characteristics, and on yield components after the seedling is transplanted in the field. The resultss show that the suitable sowing depth of FNSWB is from 1.5 to 2.0 cm, and the best sowing manner was laying the seedling with slope, which bears high seedling setting rate and low seed coat rate. Compared with nursing by nutritive bowls（NBNS） , the seedling quality of FNSWB is superior than the contraast, such as the fresh and dry weight of shoot, size and length of root, root semi- diameter, and root density. The main root of FNSWB is remarkably well developed, the number of lateral roots is more than that of the contrast, and the weight of fresh root system is nearly two times of that of the NBNS.Compared with NBNS, the first budding and anthesis of transplanted cotton by FNSWB appear 3 ~ 5 days earlier, the number of fruiting branches increases2 ~ 3 more, the boll retention rate is 26.5% higher, and the rate of boll shedding is 4.2% lower. Therefore, the yield of cotton production is increased.

To Identify Sites Related to Glyphosate-tolerance in Glyphosate |N-acetyltransferase by DNA Shuffling Technology

JIN Dan, CHEN Ming, MA Rui-qiang, YANG Zhi-rong| CHEN Jian

2007, 9(5):  110-114. 

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To study on some sites related to glyphosate-tolerance in glyphosate N-acetyhransferase （GAT） with high glyphosate-tolerance, the high glyphosate-tolerant gatl gene and the gat2 gene nearly without glyphosate-tolerance were used to directed evolution by DNA shuffling. As a result, fourteen gatl mutants containing lower glyphosatetolerance than wild-type gatl were obtained by selection with different concentrations of glyphosate （5 mmol · L^-1 to 50 mmol · L^- 1 ）. Ten of them were single site mutated, three ones were double sites mutated, while one was three sites mutated. Among them, the glyyphosate-tolerance of mutants MTGAT3 （ H41Q ）, MTGAT5 （ S52P ）, MTGAT6 （I53M） ,MTGAT7 （F56L） ,MTGAT8 （R82G） ,MTGAT11 （I19T/P22L） and MTGAT14（Y70H/L98P/K119E） were almost lost. This research work has laid a foundation for further studying the relationship between GAT1 protein structure andd its function.

Introduction, Cultivation and Quality Analysis of Siraitia |grosvenorii in South Guangxi Region

LIN Gui-mei, WU Dai-dong, LI Chao-sheng, WEI Hua-fang, M0U Hai-fei, LI Xiao-qua

2007, 9(5):  115-119. 

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This experiment carries out observation and analysis on the field plantation of superior Siraitia grosvenorii tissue culture seedlings selected and bred by Guangxi Plant Tissue Seedling Culture Co. , Ltd.. The result shows that April is the right time for planting, and high fruit setting ratio could be obtained, if pollination is made from July to October. The yield could reach 194,355/hm^2, and the middle and large fruit ratio is 72.8%. The content of mogroside V of Siraitia grosvenorii in south Guanxi region is 0.18%, 50% higher than that in north Guanxi region.