Table of Content

15 August 2010, Volume 12 Issue 4

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Impacts of Transgenic Technology on Food Security and Relevant Countermeasures

LIU Pei-lei1|ZHAO Yong-guo2|LI Ning1|ZHOU Yun-long1

2010, 12(4):  1-5.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.04.01

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Transgenic technology can break species barriers and directly improve special character of different crops. It is of great potential in assuring quality of agricultural products, especially in increasing grain yield, saving water, enhancing efficiency, and improving land utilization ratio. This paper expounds the role of transgenic technology on food security, analyzes the current status of development in transgenic technology and the effects of bio-safety on transgenic technology application in China. It also puts forward 4 countermeasures for developing transgenic technology: to expedite the development of transgenic traits closely related to food security; to design plans for independent research and development, and for introducing foreign technology; to promote the combination between transgenic technology and traditional breeding; to guarantee synchronously food security and bio-safety.

Analysis on Global Agri-biotechnology Development Trends

LI Rui-guo

2010, 12(4):  6-11.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.04.02

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Under the background of economic globalization and continuous increase of world populations, agricultural development urgently needs the support of biotechnology. This paper expounds agri-biotechnology development trends in the future, combing the current status of agri-biotechnology development with requirements for development. It aims at providing references for laying out Chinas agri-biotechnology development in the future under present new situations, so as to secure the healthy and sustainable development of agriculture.

Breeding and Application of Huanghuazhan, a New Early, Middle or Late Rice Variety with Good Quality and Wide Adaptability

ZHOU Shao-chuan1,2, LI Hong1, HUANG Dao-qiang1, LU De-cheng1, LI Kang-huo1, ZHOU

2010, 12(4):  12-17.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.04.03

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Huanghuazhan is a rice variety developed by integrated breeding objectives of semi-dwarf, super high yield and good quality in China. With better quality than controls of Yuexiangzhan and Texianzhan 25 in cooking quality and exterior appearance, Huanghuazhan also has higher yield  than that of controls. Its yield is 30% higher than Qiguizhan. Besides yielding higher than Shanyou 63, it matures 6 days earlier. Its quality is of the first grade by international rice standard and 3 grades above Shanyou 63. It yields the same as Liangyoupeijiu, but matures 7 days early than Liangyoupeijiu. And its quality is of first grade by the rice criterion of Agriculture Ministry, 2 grades higher than Liangyoupeijiu. In production of extensive areas, Huanghuazhan is tolerant to high temperature with wide adaptability and strong resistance to lodging. It has been registered in 5 Provinces and 1 Autonomous Region as Guangdong, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Hainan, Zhejiang, and was introduced into Nanchang, Shangrao Cities of Jiangxi Province. It will be advanced to re-trials in Chongqing City, Shanxi, Yunnan Provinces, and the midle and low reaches of Yangtze River in 2010. Up to now, 5 varieties and 4 elite lines have been derived from Huanghuazhan. Huanghuazhan has been planted in 1.0068 million hm2 in southern China rice production region and has gained 3.4 billion Yuan in social economic benefits.

Resources and Application of Deinococcus Bacteria

HOU Xiao-guang, LI Xin-na, ZHANG Wei, CHEN Ming

2010, 12(4):  18-23.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.04.04

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The members of the Genus Deinococcus as representative of radiation-resistant microbes are extremely resistant to ionizing or ultraviolet radiation, hydrogen peroxide and desiccation. With the isolation and identification of many radiation-resistant microbes and the genome sequencing of four Deinococcus species, the application of these microbes and their gene resources has been paid great attention. This paper expounds the  research about genus Deinococcus its gene resources and their utilization, analyzes and prospects their potential application in environmental protection, bioremediation, human health, biotechnology and agricultural production.

Utilization of Protein Engineering in Improving Cry Toxins in Bacillus thuringiensis

LIU Ming1,2, SHU Chang-long2, GAO Ji-guo1, ZHANG Jie2

2010, 12(4):  24-28.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.04.05

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Microbial pesticide of Bacillus thuringiensis and transgenic crops with cry genes have been proved a great success world widely, while the application of Bt in agricultural production in the future will be limited due to some flaws, such as narrow insecticidal spectrum of crystal proteins, low toxicity and insects resistant risk against Cry toxin. Protein engineering including rational designing and non-rational designing have been used to improve crystal proteins, aiming at solving the above mentioned problems. This paper summarized the progress made in application of protein engineering in Cry toxin improvement, analyzed the existing problems, and prospected the trend for future development.

Nucleic Acid Isothermal Amplification Technique for Genetically Modified Food Analysis

ZHANG Jian-zhong 1, GUAN Xiao-yan2, ZHANG Hai-bo2, YANG Li-tao2

2010, 12(4):  29-33.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.04.06

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With the rapid development of biotechnology, a growing number of isothermal amplification technologies are applied in the field of molecular biology research. According to the dependent or independent on temperature cycling, nucleic acid amplification can be divided into two types: isothermal amplification and non-isothermal amplification. Isothermal amplification methods, such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), strand displacement amplification (SDA), and rolling circle amplification (RCA), have gradually shown their potential for wider application, due to their advantages in high speed, sensitivity and independent on special instruments. This paper focuses on the principles, characteristics and applications of these isothermal amplification technologies, especially the applied possibility of these alternative methods on genetically modified organisms (GMOs)

Status and Prospect of Rhizosphere Micro-ecology of Fruit Trees

NI Zhi-hua, LI Jing, LIAO Jiao, XU Xiao-biao

2010, 12(4):  34-38.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.04.07

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The rhizosphere micro-system of fruit trees is the micro-ecosystem mainly including fruit trees, rhizosphere soil, microorganism and their environmental conditions. This paper summarizes rhizosphere nutrient, soil enzymes, microorganism, rhizosphere nematodes and root exudates and their mutual relations and interactions from system perspective. Further studies should be focused on sampling, soil nutrient regulation, mechanism of root exudates and nematodes disease of fruit trees. Soil rhizosphere condition of fruit tree will be improved by rational cultivation and improvement of management measures, thus to provide better soil micro-ecology conditions for the normal growth and development of fruit trees.

Review and Prospect for Biological and Ecological Studies on Carposina sasakii Matsmura

LEI Xi-hong1, GAO Ling-wang1, LI Ding-Xu2, SHEN Zuo-rui1

2010, 12(4):  39-43.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.04.08

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Peach fruit borer, Carposina sasakii Matsumura, is one of the most damaging pests in fruit orchard in Northern China. It is of long generation and with concealment, so it is much more difficult to forecast and control. The key of managing the pest is to carry out foundational studies on its biology and ecology and to find out the weakness of its life cycle. This paper systematically introduces the research progress in biological and ecological characteristics of Carposina sasakii and provides some new ideas for further study and control measures.

Research Progress in Bio-control of Meloidogyne

LU Xue-jun1,2, LIAO Xiao-lan1, CHENG Fei-xue2, LIU Yong2

2010, 12(4):  44-48.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.04.09

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Root-knot nematodes are widely distributed and have caused serious harm.  Meloidogyne have become the focus of prevention and control of plant disease and insect pests in recent years. In this paper, the pathogenic mechanism of root-knot nematodes is described in detail, and several ways to control root-knot nematodes are overviewed. This paper also reviews the prospects of bio-control of Meloidogyne.

Physiological Function and Application of |Lactobacillus plantarum

WANG Shui-quan1, BAO Yan1,2, DONG Xi-mei1, SU Fang1, YAO Guo-qiang1, ZHANG He-pi

2010, 12(4):  49-55.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.04.10

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As an important species of lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum has gain more attention in food, silage and healthcare fields. This paper reviews the physiological functions and the application of Lactobacillus plantarum, so as to provide consultation and guidance to the research and development associated with Lactobacillus plantarum.

Advances in Studies on Nutritious Components of Sweet Potato and their Health-promoting Functions

JIANG Yang, SUN Cheng-jun

2010, 12(4):  56-61.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.04.11

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Sweet potato is rich in various nutrients and bioactive components. It is not only the staple food for people in poor areas, but also draws more and more attention for its unique physiological health-care functions. This paper reviews the studies on nutritious components of potato root, stem and leaf, including protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, mineral, amino acids, vitamins, flavonoids, polyphenols, and other beneficial compositions and their health-care functions in alleviation of avitaminosis and antitumor, antirnutagenicity, antioxidation, antiatheroscloresis, lowering of cholesterol and blood sugar, and enhancing peoples immunity both at home and abroad in recent years.

Ecotype Model Analysis on Crop Growth Rate of Two-Line Hybrid Rice, Liangyoupeijiu (Oryza Sativa)

LV Chuan-gen1, HU Ning2, YAO Ke-min2, ZOU Jiang-shi1

2010, 12(4):  62-67.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.04.12

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It is of active significance to analyze the climatic and ecological characteristics of crop growth rate (CGR) for two-line hybrid rice variety Liangyoupeijiu, so as to optimally plan its planting areas. Based on a serious experiment, a model was established by using seven indices of climatic factors. According to the meteorological data of 1980-2002, CGR of 109 cites (including seasons) were concluded, and the average changing values were ranged 13.83~23.44 g/d·m2 for seven rice planting areas in China. The CGR of early and late rice showed lower in Southern China, and that of one season middle rice showed higher in the Yangtze River valley. High CGR (18～22 g/d·m2) was distributed in the areas of Huang-Huai valley, Sichuan Basin and Yunnan-Guizhou Tableland. Considering the demands from growing season and CGR superiority, the optimum planting areas for Liangyoupeijiu were at the middle and lower valley of the Yangtze River, and the southern region of Huang-Huai valley.

Studies of in Vitro Isolation Culture and Identification of |Bovine Mammary Gland Epithelial Cells

LI Rui-guo1, MIAO Chao-hua2, AN Xiao-rong3, CHEN Yong-fu3

2010, 12(4):  68-72.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.04.13

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Establishment of mammary gland epithelial cell line for gene targeting is an important step for production of mammary gland bioreactor. Primary bovine mammary gland epithelial cell including a few fibroblast cells were isolated by using Trypsin, Collagenase and their combination. The advantages and shortcomings among different isolation methods were compared. Bovine mammary gland epithelial cells were cultured in vitro by using Trypsin-EDTA stage digestion method. Their cell morphology and growth characteristics were observed when the cell was in the 5th, 10th, 15th and 20th generation to compare the growth effects between cells cultured in single collagen coated dish and multifactor coated dish. The cells epithelial characteristic was identified by immunochemical experiment using cytokeratin-18, which is a specific cytokeratin for mammary gland epithelial cell.

Effects of 1-Methylcyclopropene on Stored Fruit Quality of Juicy Peaches

ZHU Jin-wei, FENG Jiang-tao, YAN Wei

2010, 12(4):  73-77.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.04.14

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Juicy peaches were used to investigate the effects of 1 μL/L, 5 μL/L and 10 μL/L 1-methlcyclopropene on  stored fruit quality at low temperature. The results indicated that combination of 1-methylcyclopropene treatment and storage at low temperature could distinctively delay after ripening and senescence. The treatment of 1-MCP, at concentration of 1 μL/L, can outstandingly retain the contents of soluble solids, titratable acid and starch. The treatment of 1-MCP at concentrations of 5 μL/L and 10 μL/L can only keep the firmness of juicy peaches, but have no distinct effects on the contents of soluble solids, titratable acid and starch.

Enhanced Ethyl Parathion Hydrolysis Ability of Methyl Parathion Hydrolase OPHC2 by Mutant Combination from Orthogonal Test Design

LV Hong, TIAN Jian, CHU Xiao-yu, WU Ning-feng

2010, 12(4):  78-83.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.04.15

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The genes ophc2 and ophc3 were cloned from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes C2-1 and Pseudomonas sp. 1-7, respectively. They encode two methyl parathion hydrolases OPHC2 and OPHC3. The amino acid sequence of OPHC2 shows 98.5% identity to OPHC3, and is only 5 residues different from OPHC3. But their characteristics are very different, especially in the substrate acceptance. The catalysis activity of OPHC2 is higher than that of OPHC3 by 2.75-fold using methyl parathion as the substrate, but lower than that of OPHC3 using ethyl parathion as the substrate, and only 12.9% to OPHC3. In order to improve the hydrolysis of OPHC2 against ethyl parathion, a combinatorial site-directed mutagenesis was designed by orthogonal test design method according to the amino acid sequence of OPHC3. As a result, the mutant P165S/A169V has been obtained, whose hydrolysis activity was improved by 1.19-fold against methyl parathion and 1.36-fold against ethyl parathion compared with OPHC2.

Fermentation of Lyophyllum decastes and Extraction of |Polysaccharides from Mycelia by Enzymatic Hydrolysis

YAN Pei-sheng, MA Li-ya, ZHU Guo-zheng, XUE Mei

2010, 12(4):  84-89.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.04.16

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The mycelial growth, intro- and extro-polysaccharide production of Lyophyllum decastes were investigated in this research using a 10 L fermentor, and the effects of six enzymes on extraction of mycelial intro-polysaccharide were also studied. The results indicated that under conditions of 25℃, 120 r/min and 200L air flux /h, the content of intro-polysaccharide and yield of extro-polysaccharide could reach the highest on day 8th with 63.1 mg/g dry mycelium and 3.54 g/L, respectively. But, the yields of mycelia and intro-polysaccharide could reach the maximum on the 9th day with 17.86 g/L and 1.11 g/L, respectively. These yields were significantly higher than that by using shaking flask. Among the 6 tested enzymes, the highest yield was obtained by lywallzyme for intro-polysaccharide extraction from mycelia, whereas neutral protease was the most economic enzyme. Comparing with hot-water treatment, the extraction rate was increased by 459.29% and 376.11%, respectively for lywallzyme and neutral protease. The optimal condition for preparation of mycelial polysaccharide by neutral protease was using 1% enzyme, incubated for 2 h at 30℃ during hydrolytic reaction, then followed by 2 times of the same steps for extraction at 95℃, each time for 2 h.

Expression of irrE in Deinococcus radiodurans can Enhance Salt Tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana

TONG Shi-bo1,2, WEN Guo-qin1, LIN Min2, YANG Yi1, LI Xu-feng1

2010, 12(4):  90-94.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.04.17

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As a global regulator, the irrE gene is responsible for extreme radiation resistance. irrE gene was introduced into Arabidopsis plants via agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transgenic plants were selected and their salt tolerance was analyzed. The results showed that irrE gene could enhance salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana, as well as increase the free proline content in transgenic plants under salt stress. The semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis at transcriptional level showed AtNHX1 expression quantities rose in transgenic plants under salt stress. These results demonstrated the function of irrE in Arabidopsis thaliana is increasing the expression level of AtNHX1, thus enhancing salt tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Gene Expression Characteristics Related to L-Galactose Pathway in Rice

DENG Zai-an1,2,3, ZHANG Zhi-li1,2,4, ZHANG Zhi-jin4, HUANG Rong-feng3

2010, 12(4):  95-100.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.04.18

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Vitamin C or ascorbic acid (AsA), is not only an important antioxidant, but also an active substance with many other physiological functions. The L-galactose pathway has been proven to be the key pathway of ascorbic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, limited information about L-galactose pathway of ascorbic acid synthesis in rice is reported. In this research, through sequence alignments, the homologous genes putatively encoding rice L-galactose pathway enzymes were obtained. Then based on analysis of tissue specificity and leaf treatment with continuous light or darkness, AsA content and gene expression related to L-galactose pathway enzyme were determined, preliminarily evidencing the key genes controlling the synthesis of AsA in rice.

Physiological Index Detection of Stress Tolerance in |CBF Transgenic Tobacco

LI Zhao-chun, ZHANG Han, GUO Hui-ming, CHENG Hong-mei

2010, 12(4):  101-107.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.04.19

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The CBF gene cloned from cotton was transformed into tobacco so as to study its impacts on tobacco. The PCR results showed that the CBF gene was successfully transferred into tobacco, and the transcription and expression of the exogenous CBF gene in transgenic tobacco were indentified by RT-PCR. Then the physiological indexes of stress resistance in the transgenic tobaccos were determined. The results showed that the soluble sugar content and POD activity of transgenic tobacco were significantly higher than the wild-type tobacco, reaching to 1.22~7.91 times and 3.35~5.73 times, respectively. And the MDA content was obviously lower than that of the wild type, taking 36.1% ~ 81.1% of the wild-type. These results indicated that CBF gene transformation had indeed improved the stress resistance of tobacco.

Genetic Transformation of Maize Embryonic Callus and Regeneration of Glyphosate-tolerant Plant

YU Gui-rong1,2, DU Wen-ping2, SONG Jun2, DOU Qian2, LIU Yong-sheng1, LU Wei3, XU

2010, 12(4):  108-113.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.04.20

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2mG2-epsps gene from Pseudomonas fluorescens G2 was transferred to immature embryo-derived callus of the elite maize inbred line X2211 via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. 282 transformed plants were regenerated from glyphosate-resistant callus, 86 plants of which were grown well in the field. Glyphosate resistance and allele-specific PCR analysis demonstrated that the 2mG2-epsps gene was transferred into the maize genome in 26 regeneration plants. The plants showed resistance after spraying 0.125% glyphosate, which indicated the expression of 2mG2-epsps gene in the plants. Some of the transgenic plants gained high tolerance to glyphosate. This study has provided good parental materials for breeding new glyphosate-resistant maize varieties.

Cloning of a Protease-resistant β-mannanase Rooted in Streptomyces fradiae var. k11

QIU Zheng-hua1, SHI Peng-jun2, LIU Su Chun1, YAO Bin2

2010, 12(4):  114-120.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.04.21

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The gene manS221 encoding a β-l, 4-mananase was cloned from Streptomyces fradiae var. k11 by degenerate primers and TAIL-PCR technology. manS221 gene contains 1 359 bp, encoding a 452 amino acid peptide consisting of a putative N-terminal signal peptide of 28 residues. The expression vector pET-28a-manS221 was constructed and transformed into Eschetichia coli BL21. The expressed ManS221 was purified by Ni-NTA chromatography. The optimum temperature and pH of the recombinant mannose were 52℃ and 6.0, respectively. The enzyme showed stability over a pH range of 5.0~9.0, and resistance to neutral protease. These favorable properties would make ManS221 as a good candidate in various industrial applications.

Investigation and Primary Analysis on Rubber Planting Types of |Rubber Holdings Under Different Growing Environments

QI Dong-ling1, LI Jian-hui2, WANG Xiu-quan1, HUANG Yue-qiu1

2010, 12(4):  121-125.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.04.22

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Unit areas for keeping plant types were investigated about rubber holdings with different tapping years of 6 varieties “RY7-33-97”, “PR107”“RRIM600”,GT1,DF93-114 and INA873 under different growing environments in Hainan, Yunnan and Guangdong Provinces of China. The results showed that the proportion of plant keeping types was as following: effective tapping plant (69.5%)>tapping panel dryness and intensity tapping plant (168%)>void plant (6.4%)>stopped tapping plant from wind injury (3.5%), stopped tapping plant from cold injury(20%)>null plant (1.8%). The influencing factor of unit area effective tapping plants under different growing environments and the culture and managing improvement measures were also discussed in this paper.

Evaluation of Construction Land Saving and Intensive Utilization in Villages and Towns at Urban Fringe Area

YE Jian-wen, YANG Jian-yu, ZHANG Chao, SANG Ling-ling

2010, 12(4):  126-132.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.04.23

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Facing the requirements for construction land saving and intensive utilization in villages and towns, this paper combines the landscape ecology theory with spatial concentration index, constructs the index system to evaluate  construction land saving and intensive utilization in villages and towns at urban fringe area, uses expert scoring method to determine the weight of each index, and then calculates the comprehensive score of land intensive utilization through weighted modes. The data of the construction land utilization in Fangshan District in 2006 was studied by means of comprehensive analysis. The intensive utilization levels of various villages and towns in Fangshan District in 2006 were gained. Some suggestions are put forward  about land utilization plan and economic development for the studied region.

The Design and Implementation of Data Warehouse in Management System for Agricultural Science and Technology Achievements Transformation Fund Projects

TAN Hua1, SUN Gui-chuan2, CAO Cun-gen2

2010, 12(4):  133-137.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.04.24

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Based on the analysis of historical data of agricultural science and technology achievements transformation fund projects implemented by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), a data warehouse was designed to support the management and decision\|making of agricultral S&T achievement transformation fund projects. This paper described the data warehouse architecture, developed data extraction rules for project management, then extracted, transferred, loaded the data into the data warehouse by ETL tools, completed the project implementation, tested OLAP functions by demonstration tools, and finally predicted the data using data mining algorithms, providing scientific basis for management decisions for agricultural S&T achievement transformation projects.