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    15 June 2010, Volume 12 Issue 3
    High Efficient Cultivation Technology System and Industrialization for New Fast-Growing and High Resistant Forest Tree Varieties
    ZHANG Shou-gong1, QI Li-wang1, YIN Gang-qiang2
    2010, 12(3):  1-7.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.03.01
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    The present demand for forestry in China is to improve ecological environment and to solve the serious shortage in wood and timber quantity. The objective of forestry is to increase timber production, so the key task for breeding is to cultivate new fast-growing and high resistant forest tree varieties. The focus of this task is to culture the nutritive growth with high-quality nutrients. In the respect of seed industry development, the production ratio for nursery stock is greater then seed. The development of clone forestry reproductive technique has further enhanced the proportion of nursery stock production. At present stage, requirement for forest quality can be solved by selection of tree species. Difficulty in breeding high resistant trees relies on the higher demand for physical environment and higher resistance to pests and diseases by forestry. Except the general limiting factors, the entire training cycle has to experience extreme conditions for decades. In view of the special nature of forestry, more support should be given by the Government, so as to address the triple pressure caused by national economic development, ecological environment improvement and needs of low-carbon economy. The paper also indicates the importance of technological innovation in forestry nursery stock and seed industry for “high efficient cultivation technology system and industrialization of new fast-growing and high resistant forest tree varieties”.

    Analysis on Present Research and Utilization Status of Wild Apple Germplasm Resources (Malus Mill.) in China
    ZHANG Xin-zhong, WANG Yi, HAN Zhen-hai
    2010, 12(3):  8-15.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.03.02
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    There are abundant wild apple germplasm in China, whereas many problems still exist in systematicness, study depth, exploitation and utilization. Through inspects and investigations on the concentrated distribution of wild apple germplasm, this paper summarizes and analyzes the research actualities, protection and utilization; elaborates the studies on genetic relationship of wild apple germplasm; meanwhile, puts forward suggestions for existing problems and research development prospect.

    Analysis of Potential for Rapeseed Production in China
    YIN Yan1, CHEN Zhao-bo2, YU Jian2, WANG Han-zhong1, FENG Zhong-chao3
    2010, 12(3):  16-21.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.03.03
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    At present, Chinas edible vegetable oil supply situation is grim, domestic oil production can only provide 40.6% of the total vegetable oil consumption. Oil supply becomes increasingly dependent on foreign countries, security risks become increasingly serious. Rapeseed oil, which is the largest domestic source of edible vegetable oil, has played decisive role in China's edible oil market, and currently accounts for 57.2% of the oil production from oil crops. Therefore, if not competing with grain production, it is a core measure to enhance the rapeseed production potential so as to improve rapeseed yields and protect the safety of Chinas edible vegetable oil supply. This paper overviews the status of Chinas rapeseed production, analyzes the production potential from three aspects of expanding the sowing areas, increasing the yield and improving the oil content, and puts forward suggestions as technological innovation and policy support are effective ways to mine rape production potential.

    Improving Peanut Production Capacity to Ensure Oil Supply
    WAN Shu-bo, SHAN Shi-hua, GUO Feng
    2010, 12(3):  22-26.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.03.04
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    This paper analyzes the status of oil industry, peanut production situation and its position in China; expounds the advantages of peanut compared with other oil crops, and the objectives, tasks and countermeasures of improving peanut production capacity to ensure oil supply. It also clarifies the problems urgently to be resolved in oil and peanut industry development in China; puts forward suggestions as establishing long-term development strategy,consolidating and developing traditional regions with priority, focusing on establishment and development of peanut industrial belt along the Yellow River, strengthening support for policy and scientific research, etc.

    Development Status and Research Trends of Phytases
    DING Qiang, YANG Pei-long, HUANG Huo-qing, WANG Ya-ru, YAO Bin
    2010, 12(3):  27-33.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.03.05
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    As a new feed additive, phytase has been given more attention and applied more frequently. It can improve the utilization ratio of phosphors and other components in feed and alleviate the environment pollution. This paper reviews the progress made in isolation, efficient expression and utilization of novel phytase preparation, and also analyzes the trends for further research and development in the future.

    Research Progress on Edible Fruit-vegetable Film
    WANG Xin-wei, SUN Xiu-xiu, HE Lian-bin, MA Zhong-su
    2010, 12(3):  34-38.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.
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    Fruit-vegetable film is a processed fruit and vegetable products, which can be directly consumed and used as packaging material. Recently, it has caused increased interest by researchers of food industry. This paper expounds the present status of research on edible fruit-vegetable film, including raw material usage, processing technology and property study. It also views the application and development prospects of fruit-vegetable film, analyzes the problems existing in current research and application, and puts forward several suggestions for solving these problems.

    Research Progress on Elicitins Structure
    LI Tang, ZENG Hong-mei, QIU De-wen
    2010, 12(3):  39-44.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.03.07
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    Elicitins are a class of protein elicitors, which can induce plant defense response. This paper summarizes the research progress made in elicitins structure, especially the elicitin-sterol complex structure; describes the molecular mechanism of ligand binding elicitin with sterol; and discusses the relationship between elicitins physiological function and its structure.

    Research Progress in Detection Technique for Transgenic Animals
    YANG Ji-shan, PAN Qing-jie, DONG Xiao
    2010, 12(3):  45-49.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.03.08
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    With the gradual industrialization of genetically modified products, the detection technique for transgenic animal is receiving more and more attention. This article systematically expounds the detection methods for transgenic animals from the level of DNA, transcription, translation and overall phenotypic, respectively; discusses the problems existing in present detection methods; and outlooks the development prospects for future detection techniques.

    Influencing Factor and Evaluation Criterion of |Honey Crystallization
    ZHAO Ya-zhou, TIAN Wen-li, GUO Zhan-bao, PENG Wen-jun
    2010, 12(3):  50-55.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.03.09
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    Crystallization arose naturally during honey production and storage. Since honey quality is downgraded because of crystallization, the studies on crystallization are of important application value. Through summarizing the process, influencing factors and evaluation criterions of crystallization, this paper puts forward suggestions as improving conditions that might influence honey crystallization so as to enhance the quality of commercial honey products; actively using inter-disciplinary technology to evaluate honey production so as to provide theoretical basis for determination of honey products shelf life.

    Research Status about Main Factors Affecting Gas Emissions in Liquid Manure Storage
    MA Rui-juan1, DONG Hong-min1,2
    2010, 12(3):  56-61.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.03.10
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    It is of important significance for alleviating environment pollution by liquid animal manure to comprehensive understand the factors affecting gas emissions in liquid animal manure storage. This paper introduces the research status about the main factors affecting greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions in liquid manure storage; discusses the research achievements and deficiency. The paper also suggests to carry out research on gas emission flux and liquid manure characteristics, so as to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the effect of environmental factors on gas emission in liquid manure storage.

    Current Situation and Countermeasures for |Informationization of Rural Areas in China
    ZHANG Bo, LI Si-jing
    2010, 12(3):  62-66.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.03.11
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    With the rapid economic and social development in China, gaps between rural and urban are growing. To accelerate the informationization construction in rural areas is playing a great role in promoting rural economic and social development. It will surely contribute to fundamentally solve the “Three Rural Issues”. The rural areas informationization is an important content for building new socialist countryside. This paper analyzes the infomationization status in Chinas rural areas; summarizes the issues and difficulties facing the infomationization construction in rural areas. It puts forward countermeasures for further strengthening infomationization construction in rural areas.

    The Development Process and Strategy of High-tech Research on Crops Breeding in China
    ZHANG Fu1,2, GAO Wang-sheng1
    2010, 12(3):  67-72.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.03.12
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    High-tech research on crop breeding is one of the important guarantees for improving breeding efficiency and ensuring crop yield and farmer income increase. On the basis of systematic review of support given by China National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) for crops breeding research, this paper colligates the questionnaire survey by experts and evaluates the outputs in crop breeding research. The project was in line with the strategic requirements of high-tech development, and the implementation of the project provided a guarantee for the effective supply of agricultural products in china, especially in the breeding of high-yielding and high-quality new varieties, the theory of crops breeding, and the innovation in technology. It also puts forward development strategy for high-tech research on crop breeding in China combining with the confronting situation and challenges.

    Cloning and Prokaryotic Expression of Peanut NBS-LRR Resistant Gene
    LIU Yu1,2, YAN Cai-xia1, ZHANG Ting-ting1, LI Chun-juan1,
    2010, 12(3):  73-78.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.03.13
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    Based on NBS conserved sequences of the known resistance gene, a pair of primers was designed to be used to amplify a NBS-LRR resistance gene from peanut genome using PCR. The gene was deduced 539 bp long, and named PnAG3. Protein sequence homology analysis showed that the encoded protein PnAG3 had a certain homology with some resistance proteins, among which Arachis cardenasii clone C8_V_253 resistance protein had the highest homology (97%). A prokaryotic expression vector was constructed to express PnAG3 gene. The product was 47.26 KDa, which was found to be distributed in the inclusion bodies. The maximum prokaryotic expression products would be obtained when induced by 1mmol/L IPTG after 4 h. This study provided a foundation for cultivating anti-Aspergillus flavus peanut varieties.

    Grading Monitoring of Winter Wheat Growth Condition by CBERS Satellite Image
    LI Wei-guo1, LI Zheng-jin1,2, YANG Cheng2
    2010, 12(3):  79-83.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.03.14
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    Application of remote sensing information technology could real-time monitor and predict winter wheat growth by grading, so as to help the agriculture sector to develop and implement appropriate management measures to achieve target production purposes. Taking Jiangyan City, Jiangsu Province as example, the studies on grading monitoring of winter wheat growth during jointing stage were conducted based on CBERS (CBERS-02) satellite remote sensing images. Through computer classification techniques and human-computer interactive interpretation, combining with GPS information check, the interpretation accuracy of winter wheat area is over 90%. Growth status of winter wheat in the whole region was monitored in grade by using remote sensing vegetation index (Ⅵ) and inversion of leaf area index (LAI). Compared with the growth information data of sample sites and areas, accuracy of the monitoring is more than 85%. A winter wheat growing region classified map was completed to analyze winter wheat growing status of each period. The result showed that CBERS image data could meet the needs of winter wheat growth monitoring, and be applied and extended in practical production.

    Studies on Geometric Modeling and Growth Simulation of Longan Fruit
    WANG Wei-bin, TANG Li-yu, CHEN Chong-chen, LIN Jia-xiang
    2010, 12(3):  84-91.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.03.15
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    On the basis of geometric modeling techniques of the virtual plant and virtual organ, a modeling method of virtual fruit was proposed. Its key techniques adopted for fruit simulation are a three-dimensional free-form axis of curve and a figure control curve, both of them using Bezier curves. The fruit model is determined by fruit shape, thus three-dimensional models for different fruits are achieved by different curves with separate parameters. Simultaneously, multiple realistic technologies are imposed on the model to get a more realistic appearance, such as the bump mapping, hidden technology, light treatment, etc. Taken longan as an example to simulate solitary fruit, various growth stages of longan fruit are simulated according to the biological characteristics of longan fruit growth and development. The model, which has clear botany meaningful parameters, is not only easy to understand, convenient for computer implement, but also having better controllability, high accuracy and versatility. It is suitable for geometric modeling of all kinds of fruit, and is of certain significance for virtual fruit modeling and growth simulation research. It has provided an assistant tool for controlling longan fruit growth and managing an invented orchard.

    Comparative Studies on Repeated Water-Absorbing Capacity of Super-absorbent Polymers
    BAI Wen-bo, ZHANG Huan-zhong, SONG JI-qing
    2010, 12(3):  92-97.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.03.16
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    In different solutions, the repeated water-absorbing capacities of four types of super-absorbent polymers (SAPs) with organic macromolecules were comparatively studied by simulated experiments. The result showed that in tap water and soil solution, the original water absorbency and repeated water-absorbing capacity of SAPs were reduced relative to those in distilled water. The reduced effect of water quality on the original water absorbency of SAP was higher than that of soil solution. The water-absorbing abilities of SAPs would be increased in higher concentrations, but the increases were reduced with the repeated utilization. It was preliminarily considered that among four types of SAPs labeled BF, JP, BJ and WT, JP conduct the best performance in sustaining use, BF and WT took the second place, while BJ was the worst. The sustaining effects of SAPs varied according to their water-absorbing status, stability and gel structure.

    Separation and Characteristion of |DCL1 Promoter in Arabidopsis thaliana
    LI Wei-wei1,2, LI Chuan2, LUO Yan-zhong2, YU Jian-ping1, WANG Lei2
    2010, 12(3):  98-102.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.03.17
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    Dicer enzyme is RNase Ⅲ-like endonuclease that can specifically cut double-stranded RNA into about 20 nt small RNA, and plays a very important role in gene-silencing pathways. In this research, DCL1 gene promoter was isolated, including 2 kb segments upstream of transcription start site and 1 kb segments downstream of transcription start site, and inserted into upstream of GUS reporter gene to construct a plant expression vector. This expression cassette was introduced into wild Arabidopsis thaliana by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and the transgenic plants were used for GUS staining and fluorescent quantitative analysis. The results indicated that GUS gene was mainly expressed in mature leaves, higher in young leaves and shoot tip, lower in stem and only a little bit in roots.

    Construction and Analysis of |a BAC Library of Rice PA64S Genome
    MAO Dan-qing, LUO Mei-zhong
    2010, 12(3):  103-107.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.03.18
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    9311 and PA64S are the paternal and maternal cultivars of the super hybrid rice LYP9, respectively. The 9311 genome has been sequenced by Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI). However, for PA64S, no any public genomic resource is available to date. Research on PA64S genome will help in comparative studies between and cloning of agriculturally important genes from the two parental genomes 9311 and PA64S, facilitating the studies on LYP9 genome. In this paper, the first large insert and deep coverage BAC library for PA64S was constructed, taking the young tender leaf blade of PA64S as material. The library contains 37 632 clones with an average insert size of 138 kb, representing nearly 12-fold of rice genome. The empty-vector rate is only 1.5% and the mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA contamination rates are 0.35% and 1.85%, respectively. The clones have been deposited in 98 of 384-well plates and stored at -80℃ freezers, and are accessible to research communities as a public genome resource.

    Effects of Different Winter Cover Plants on Biological Characteristics and Yield Traits of Rice in Southern China
    TANG Hai-ming, TANG Wen-guang, XIAO Xiao-ping, TANG Hai-tao, YANG Guang-li
    2010, 12(3):  108-113.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.03.19
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    Taking winter fallowing double cropping rice as contrast and adopting small area experimental method in fields, this paper studied the effects of different winter cover plants, such as ryegrass, milk vetch, rape and potato on rice biological characteristics and its yield economic traits in southern China double-cropping rice production areas. The results showed that planting winter cover crops can promote rice growth and development and increase rice yield. The number of effective tillers of early rice increased by 456 800/hm2, 592 000/hm2, 116 800/hm2 and 160 200/hm2, respectively; the spikelet number per panicle increased by 6.46, 9.75, 1.7 and 4.04 grain per panicle, respectively; the 1000-grain weight increased by 0.24 g, 0.12 g, 0.16 g and 0.43 g, respectively; the grain yields of early rice increased by 409.70 kg/hm2, 536.44 kg/hm2, 97.97 kg/hm2 and 298.48 kg/hm2, respectively. The economic characteristics and yield variation trend of late rice were similar to those of early rice.

    Effects of Different Light Qualities on the Quality of |Tomato Plug Seedlings
    CAI Hong-chang, CUI Hai-xin, CUI Jin-hui
    2010, 12(3):  114-118.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.03.20
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    The effects of light qualities (6W、2W4R、2W3R1B、2W2R2B and 2W1R3B) based on blue light (B), red light (R) and white light (W) on the morphological and physiological indices of tomato seedlings were investigated. The results showed that the plant heights under 2W2R2B treatment were significantly lower than those under other treatments, while the stem diameters under 2W2R2B treatment were significantly thicker than those under other treatments; the total plant dry weight, seedling strength index, leaf chlorophyll content and soluble sugar content under 2W4R and 2W3R1B treatment were notably higher than those under other treatments. It is concluded that red light or red  and blue light treatment can accelerate the growth of tomato seedlings, and is favorable for the breeding of healthy seedlings.

    Absorption and Distribution Rules of Peanut Pb and Cd in Soil
    CAI Kui, YU Qiu-hua, ZHAO Zheng-yu, WANG Wen-jiao, ZHAO Ming
    2010, 12(3):  119-124.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.03.21
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    Eight main cultivated peanut varieties in Qingdao City were used to study the absorption, accumulation and distribution rules of heavy mental Pb and Cd in different organs of peanut plants by using the same soil under field conditions. The results indicated that Pb and Cd contents, enrichment coefficient and bioaccumulation in experimental peanut seeds had significant differences. The Cd contents of these eight peanut varieties in kernel have surpassed the limitation standards made by the Ministry of Agriculture for pollution-free peanuts. The average accumulation factor of Pb and Cd in peanut plant organs are in the following order: root system>stem and leaf>shell>kernel. The Pb content absorbed by peanut plants was mainly enriched in stem and leaf, followed by shell, kernel and root system, while Cd was mainly enriched in the stem and leaf, followed by kernel, root system and shell. Through screening and directive breeding of peanut varieties with low Pb and Cd content, the Pb and Cd content in peanut benevolence will be reduced,  thus  the secure quality of peanut products will be improved.

    Rapid PCR Detection for Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio splendidus in Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicas and its Culturing Environment
    WANG Xiao-Yu, ZHOU Zun-Chun, GUAN Xiao-yan, JIANG Bei, CHEN Zhong, DONG Ying, YA
    2010, 12(3):  125-130.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.03.22
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    Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio splendidus strains are common bacterial pathogens, having a significant negative  economic impact on aquaculture. It is necessary to establish asimple, rapid and effective detection method. According to the conserved sequence of gyrB gene of V. alginolyticus and V. splendidus, 2 pairs of primers were designed respectively to amplify 9 strains of V. alginolyticus and 6 strains V. splendidus. The results showed that the two pairs of primers could specifically detect V. alginolyticus and V. splendidus, but there is no specific band with bacteria which exist extensively in the culture of the sea cucumber. The minimum detectable amount of template was 0.13 pg/μL DNA or the lysed products of 103  cfu/mL of V. alginolyticus, and 0.34 pg/μL DNA or the lysed products of 103 cfu/mL of V. splendidus. This method had good specificity and high sensitivity. It was able to rapidly detect V. alginolyticus and V. splendidus in sea cucumber and its culturing environment.

    Analysis of Ten Elements Contents in Sweet Potato
    Hu Yan1, LI Yu-ming2, LI Qiang3, SUN Cheng-jun1
    2010, 12(3):  131-137.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2010.03.23
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    Ten elements contents in 39 sweet potato samples (38 varieties) planted in Xuzhou and Nanchong were measured to provide scientific basis for breeding, promotion and utilization of sweet potato varieties. The results were statistically analyzed with SPSS13.0. The correlation coefficients of  these ten elements working curves were all greater than  0.999 0, the RSDs of measurements were all less than 8.0%, the recoveries were between 96.0%~119%. The order of ten elements contents from high to low is potassium, sodium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, copper and selenium. The dry weight ratio and elements contents varied greatly for different varieties from the same production areas. No statistical difference was observed among ten elements contents of sweet potato with different flesh colors.