Table of Content

15 October 2013, Volume 15 Issue 5

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Research Progress on Acidophilic Glycoside Hydrolase

LUO Hui\|ying1, YAO Bin1*, FAN Yun\|liu2

2013, 15(5):  1-7.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.05.01

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Extremophiles and enzymes from extremophiles are widely studied. Of them, acidophilic enzyme attracts much attention, due to its high activity and stability under extreme acidic conditions, and this research has made rapid progress. Acidophilic glycosyl hydrolase is one of the most important acidophilic enzymes, and has significant application prospect in bio\|energy, animal feed, food and other industries. This paper reviewed the gene cloning, heterologous expression, molecular modification and acidophilic mechanisms of important acidophilic glycosyl hydrolases, including amylase, cellulase, xylanase, and mannanase. The research orientation and development prospects were also elucidated in this paper.

Studies on Microbial Fertilizer and its Application Prospects in Improving Arable Land Quality

ZHANG Rui\|fu1,2, YAN Chun\|rong3, ZHANG Nan1,2, LI Jun4, SHEN Qi\|rong1,2

2013, 15(5):  8-16.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.05.02

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Microbial fertilizer is one the important agricultural biological agents, which plays important roles in the development of sustainable agriculture, and production of green agricultural products. In recent years, studies and industrialization of microbial fertilizer develope rapidly in China, and microbial fertilizer industry has basically formed. But it is still facing many limiting factors. At the same time, the quality of arable land in China is not optimistic, and applying microbial fertilizers is an indispensable technical measure to improve arable land quality. This paper reviewed the research and industrialization development of microbial fertilizer in China, and its application prospects in promoting arable land quality. The paper also pointed out the key orientation for future studies and industrialization of microbial fertilizer.

Progress on Applicaton of Biological Agents in Processing Industry for Agricultural Products of Herbaceous Fiber

2013, 15(5):  17-23.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.05.03

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In order to expound the research scope and progress of biological agents′application in processing industry of agricultural products of herbaceous fibers, this paper classified the related research reports during the past 40 years, adopting the theory of systematic information technology and about the application of biological agents in degumming, textile, papermaking and other light industry manufacture, etc.. The results indicated that many advantages such as energy conservation, emission reduction, consumption reduction and high efficient utilization of resources were shown in the primary processing of raw herbaceous fibers degumming, and the specifity and high efficiency of enzymes could be adequately expressed in deep processing of enzyme agents used for textile, papermaking and other light industry manufacture. Therefore, the application prospects of biological agents in processing industry for agricultural products of herbaceous fibers are very broad.

Research Progress on Enzyme Application in Resource Recycling of Livestock and Poultry Waste

CHEN Lu, HE Jing, MA Shi\|chun, DENG Yu*

2013, 15(5):  24-30.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.05.04

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With the rapid development of Chinas livestock and poultry industries, waste pollution becomes serious day by day. The traditional methods of waste disposal are not only inefficient and also cause environmental pollution and resource waste. In order to solve this problem, combining with the current situation and development tendency of studies on enzyme preparation, the paper analyzed the effectiveness and necessity of applying enzyme preparation to bio\|safety disposal and resource utilization of livestock and poultry wastes, expounded in detail the research progress and application situation of lipase, cellulose, keratinase and other microbial enzyme preparations used for livestock and poultry waste disposal. The paper also discussed problems existing in applying enzyme preparation to livestock and poultry waste disposal, and the development direction of enzyme preparation research, so as to provide theoretical reference for exploring high\|value and utilization ways for waste and R&D of new type enzyme preparation.

Research Progress on Bacillus subtilis Spore Display of Recombinant Proteins

YU Xiao\|xia, TIAN Jian, WU Ning\|feng*

2013, 15(5):  31-38.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.05.05

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Bacillus subtilis is Gram\|positive bacteria with biological safy. It can form spores with strong stress resistance in poor nutrient environment. The spore of Bacillus subtilis consists of 3 parts including the core, cortex and spore coat protein. Recently, the Bacillus subtilis spore coat proteins, such as CotB, CotC, CotG, CotX and OxdD, have been successfully used as vectors to display the antigen proteins, enzymes or reporter protein on the spore surfaces. The recombinant proteins on Bacillus subtilis spores usually have many advantages, such as good stability, easy purification and safety. Therefore, they can be used in medicine, food and feed industry, and other fields. It has a great application prospect. This review introduced in detail the molecular characteristics of Bacillus subtilis spores, the construction process of the expressive system on spore surface and its application prospect. Thus, the paper provided a foundation for the basic and applied research about spore surface display system.

Advance of the Enzyme Application in Fruit Juice Processing

QIN Xing1, ZHANG Hua\|fang2, ZHANG Wei1, ZHANG Yu\|hong1*

2013, 15(5):  39-45.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.05.06

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Fruit juice is important beverage with abundant nutrients. Some problems, however, were existed in juice production, such as high pulp viscosity, low squeezing efficiency, hard to clarify, and bitterness of some juice. As all known, adding enzyme into juice is an effective way to resolve these problems. Presently, lots of enzymes have been applied in juice processing, such as pectinase,amylase,cellulase,oxidoreductase and naringinase, etc., of which pectinase was most widely used. This paper briefly reviewed the source and applied effect of pectinase, the development of some novel enzyme preparations, and made comments for future research on enzymes used in fruit juice processing.

Feed Enzyme Rational Design and its Improved Technology

LIU Xiao\|yun1,2, YAO Dong\|sheng1,2,3*

2013, 15(5):  46-52.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.05.07

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Enzymes as natural biocatalysts with a high catalytic efficiency and substrate\|selected specificity characteristics, have important application value in industrial and agricultural production. The transformation of the zymoprotien is an important source to obtain excellent zymoprotien. In this paper, the strategy and methods for improving enzyme heat and pH stability, remolding protease resistance, and reforming multi\|characters of zymoprotein were reviewed, aiming at providing references for related experiments and studies.

Research Progress on Application of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)

DONG Liang1, HE Yong\|zhi2, WANG Yuan\|liang1*, DONG Zhi\|yang2*

2013, 15(5):  53-58.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.05.08

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Superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalyzes the disproportionation of univalently reduced oxygen to generate oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. SOD has been widely discovered in living organisms, including animals, plants and microorganisms and has been demonstrated to be an important antioxidant, which protects the cells exposed to the toxicity of oxygen. Recently, SOD has displayed huge application value and development prospect. This paper gave an sumarized SOD′s function, its anti\|oxygen mechanism, types and production mode, etc., and also expounds the application situation and development potential of SOD in industries (pharmaceuticals, food and personal care products) and agriculture, so as to provide references for the further development and utilization of SOD products in China.

Studies on Secreted Expression of an Acidic Xylanase in Pichia pastoris and Evaluation of its in vitro Activity

YANG Wenhan, GUO Xiaojing, CHEN Yiqun, LV Junnan, XIE Fei, CAO Yunhe*

2013, 15(5):  59-66.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.05.09

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In this study, engineering Pichia pastoris containing double copies of Aspergillus sulphureus xylanase gene xynA was constructed in order to earn a high expression level and low production cost. In a 10 L fermentor, double\|copy recombinant strain yielded the enzyme activity of 3 574 U/mL. The recombinant xylanase exhibited optimal activity at 50℃ and pH 2.2~3.4. Residual activity of the raw recombinant xylanase was over 70%, when fermentation broth was pretreated with Na2HPO4\|citric acid buffer of pH 1.7 for 100 min. And the recombinant xylanase exhibited strong resistance to pepsin and trypsin. High level of catalytic activity in low pH and acid resistance suggested that the recombinant xylanase has a prospective application in feed industry as an additive. Then the recombinant enzymes action effect was rapidly evaluated by in vitro simulating swine gastrointestinal environment. The experiment was conducted to determine the optimal supplementation level of recombinant enzyme in wheat\|based diet preliminarily. In this experiment, wheat\|based diet was divided into 4 treats containing 0, 2 000 U/kg, 4 000 U/kg or 6 000 U/kg recombinant enzyme, with 5 repetitions per treat. Then SDS\|Ⅱ monogastric animal bionic digestive system was used to digest experimental diet by imitating gastrointestinal tract environment of swine. Increasing the level of recombinant acidic β\|1, 4\|xylanase in the diet increased the apparent digestibility of gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP) (linear and quadratic effect; P<0.01) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (linear and quadratic effect; P<0.05). The optimal supplementation level of recombinant enzyme was determined to be 4 000 U/kg.

Isolation and Characterization of Acetochlor\|degrading Strain Sphingomonas sp. DC\|6 and Preliminary Studies on its Metabolic Pathway

CHEN Qing, YAO Li, WANG Cheng\|hong, DENG Shi\|kai, CHU Cui\|wei, HE Jian*

2013, 15(5):  67-74.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.05.10

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An acetochlor herbicides\|degrading strain, designated as DC\|6, was isolated from activated sludge of the wastewater outfall of a factory from Kunshan City. According to the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and the phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequence, the strain was identified preliminarily as Sphingomonas sp.. Strain DC\|6 could degrade alachlor，acetochlor and butachlor, but could not degrade metolachlor, pretilachlor and propisochlor. Within 48 hours of incubation, about 76.7% of butachlor, 93.6% of acetochlor and 986% of alachlor were degraded by strain DC\|6, respectively. The degradation rates followed the order of alachlor > acetochlor > butachlor. These results indicated that the factors influencing the biodegradability of these herbicides were the length and complicated of amide nitrogens alkoxymethyl: the longer and more complicated the alkyl was, the slower the degradation efficiencies occurred. The pathway of acetochlor degradation was elucidated based on the results of metabolites identification by GC\|MS. Acetochlor was firstly degraded to 2\|chloro\|N\|(2\|methyl\|6\|ethyl) phenyl\|acetamide (CMEPA) by N\|dealkylation, and then it subsequently transformed to 2\|methyl\|6\|ethylaniline (MEA). MEA was further completely degraded via unknown metabolites. However, aniline dioxygenase, which was the key enzyme in the degradation of aniline and aniline derivatives, did not involve in the degradation of MEA. This indicated that the degradation of MEA by strain DC\|6 was different from the reported aniline degradation pathway.

Pattern of Vertical Farm in Chicago and its Revelation

WANG Jinghua, JIA Jingdun

2013, 15(5):  75-79.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.05.11

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Vertical farm is also called a stereo planting farm, which makes farmland developed into a multistoried building, where crop growth environment is simulated and the recyctable energy and greenhouse technology is fully utilized. In this kind of farm, various high efficient agriculture productions can be proceeded. Taking Chicago vertical farm as an example, this paper analyzed the operation mechanism, commercial model, and existing problems of the vertical farm. Moreover, suggestions for accelerating the exploration and practice of urban vertical farm in China were raised from the aspects of strategic study, technology research and development (R&D), collaborative innovation, and platform construction, etc.

Preliminary Studies on Information Services Based on “Farmer\|Supermarket Direct\|purchase&rdquo|Model

CHEN Wei1, WANG Li\|na2|YANG Li\|xin2*

2013, 15(5):  80-86.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.05.12

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Being an advanced model for agricultural product production and sale, “Farmer\|Supermarket Direct\|Purchase” is rising gradually in China. It is a modern circulation model that achieves “business, farmer, and consumer” tripartite win. Information service is an important link of the model. Through observing the related elements of information services, this paper analyzed the 3 information service ingredients, namely information principle, user demand, and information service modes, in “Farmer\|Supermarket Direct\|Purchase”, and summarized the related problems occurred during information services in “Farmer\|Supermarket Direct\|Purchase” model. At the same time, the paper provided several measures for studying “Farmer\|Supermarket Direct\|Purchase” information services as references. It also provided thoughts for soling problems occurred in agricultural products unmarketable in origin of production, over\|priced in terminal markets, and low stability in agricultural products production. This paper is of great significance for promoting agricultural product circulation within China, realyzing balance between agricultural product supply and demand, stabilizing market prices of agricultural products, and satisfying consumers demands.

Research Progress on Plant Signaling Molecules Involved in Disease Resistance

WANG Fajun1,2,3, GAO Ying1,2*, ZHAO Kaijun1,2

2013, 15(5):  87-92.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.05.13

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The plants can trigger a series of defensive response against the attack from various pathogens, which includes a variety of signal reactions, such as the generation, transduction and interaction of signals, and then a series of defensive gene expression and metabolic changes, and finally the plants acquire resistance. During the process of defensive reactions, signaling molecules play important roles, such as plant hormones (salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene and abscisic acid), the second messengers (Ca2+, ROS and NO), low molecular peptide (glutathione), lipids and sugars. Significant progresses have been made in disease resistance response mediated by these signaling molecules in recent years. This paper reviewed the research progress and prospected the future research works.

First Exploration on Function of Arabidopsis AtOHRP1 in Response to Oxidative Stress

LI Junrong, YANG Fengxi, LIU Zhibing, YANG Yi, LI Xufeng*

2013, 15(5):  93-99.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.05.14

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The motif of C3HC4 RING finger has been reported to play important roles in abiotic stress. According to bio\|informatic analysis, we noticed an unknown function protein (NP_568885.1) in Arabidopsis, containing a conserved C3HC4 RING finger domain. Expression profile showed that the gene was dominantly accumulated in plant old tissues and significantly induced by hydrogen peroxide. Phenotypic analysis showed that the mutant exhibited hypersensitive to NaCl, H2O2, high light and dark treatment. Thereby, we named it AtOHRP1 (Arabidopsis thaliana Oxidative Hypersensitive RING Finger Protein 1). Accordantly, decreased chlorophyll content and increased level of hydrogen peroxide production were detected in atohrp1, and reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes including Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX), was distinct, compared with those in wild\|type plants. All of these results suggested that RING Finger Protein AtOHRP1 may play an important physiological role in oxidative stress process.

Initial Studies on Protein Function of Two Highly Homologous RING Structure

YANG Hongwei, ZHAI Xianzhi, LIU Zhibin, WANG Jianmei, LI Xufeng, YANG Yi*

2013, 15(5):  100-105.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.05.15

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Ubiquitination pathway plays important roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress, especially E3 plays decisive role in pathway of ubiquitin ligases. 2 Arabidopsis RING domain protein At2g24480(HHR1) and At5g43200(HHR2) were found, which were related to abiotic stress, through prediction of gene chip online. In vitro selfubiquitination assay demonstrated that the 2 RING domain proteins possess an E3 ligase activity. In this paper, subcellular localization, gene expression profiles, tissue specificity of them were conducted. We found that they showed differences in subcellular localization, gene expression profiles, tissue specificity. HHR1 was positioned on cell membrane, while HHR2 in nucleus. Our studies demonstrated that both HHR1 and HHR2 were related to H2O2 stress. In addition, HHR1 and HHR2 were related to heat and salt stress, respectively. The analysis of expressional pattern revealed that HHR1 was highly expressed in root and flower, less expressed in leaves and stems. However, HHR2 relatively expressed less in flower, but highly expressed in roots, stems and leaves. These results confirmed that certain properties and subcellular localization of HHR1 and HHR2, and laid foundation for further studies on their function.

Effects of Fermented Feed on Production Performance, Digestibility of Dietary Nutrients, Blood Biochemical Indices in Goat

PENG Zhongli1, GUO Chunhua1*, BAI Xue1, ZHU Wanling2, FU Xisan2, WANG Yongl

2013, 15(5):  106-113.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.05.16

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In order to investigate the effect of fermented feed on goat production performance, nutrient digestion rate and blood biochemical parameters, 96 weaned Lezhi black lambs, weighted 11.60±2.45 kg, were divided into 4 blocks by the random block experiment design. Each block was randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups: control group (100% basic concentrate), treatmentⅠ(50% basic concentrate +50% fermented feed) and treatmentⅡ(100% fermented feed). The results showed that the average daily gain in treatmentⅠ was 12.65% higher than the control group（P＜0.05）; the digestion of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in treatmentⅠandⅡ were both higher than the control group（P<0.05）, while the serum urea nitrogen content （P<0.05）and disease rate （P<0.01）were lower than the control group. The contents of serum total protein and albumin, the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase had no significant difference in each group（P>0.05）. The economic benefit in treatmentⅠ was 44.72%, higher than the control group; but the feed intake, average daily gain and economic benefit in treatment Ⅱ was lower than the control group. In conclusion, adding 50% fermented feed in goat concentrate feed can improve the average daily gain, nutrient digestion rate, and disease resistance ability and economic benefit in goat. So, the fermented feed has popularization and application value.

Variation of Vitamin E Content of Zophobsmorio L. Larvae During the Course of Growth

SHI Dongdong, FAN Zhiying, ZHANG Ping, LIU Qingsheng*

2013, 15(5):  114-119.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.05.17

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Zophobsmorio L. is a new kind of resource based insect with high oil content. In this study, the content of vitamin E in Zophobsmorio L. larvae was determined by HPLC and the varied trends of vitamin E in larvae according to age, body weight and body length were analyzed. The results indicated that the larvae contains rich α vitamin E and a small amount of β, δ, γ vitamin E, the content of α vitamin E ranged from 168.64 mg/kg to 264.57 mg/kg. At the period of 45~87 days of age, there were significant linear correlations either between age and body weight, or age and body length, all the square of correlation coefficients were more than 0.964 (P<0.01). The relationship among vitamin E of larvae and these three indexes significantly met the binomial curve (P<0.01), the maximum correlation existed between vitamin E and body length, the square of correlation coefficient was up to 0.640 (P<001). The larvae could have the most α vitamin E content when the body length reached 5.1cm. So it was the best time to end the farming and process the larvae into production with high vitamin E content.

Crop Growth Simulation Based on WebGIS Integrated with SALUS

WANG Jianping1, SUN Wenxin2*, SU Linmeng1

2013, 15(5):  120-128.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.05.18

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SALUS is a famous system approach to land use sustainability model. This paper realized a crop growth simulation system based on WebGIS integrated with SALUS. We elaborated the database and the correlative function module integration method in details. The spatial data processing and simulation results visualization ability of SALUS model can be improved in this system. Using this system, users can master various factors affecting crop yield clearly, like soil, weather, irrigation quantity, fertilizer quantity, etc. Thus, the paper provided scientific basis for management measures of increasing income, and also a related integration program, so as to supply technical support for the construction of crop growth simulation system based on WebGIS.

Studies on Present Situation and Technology Development for ResourceEnvironment Protection of Rural Community in China

LIU Chang1, YU Shuangmin2, WANG Jun2, LIU Zhihua3*

2013, 15(5):  129-136.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.05.19

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Rural community development is an important content for the development of urbanization in China. Because of lacking scientific and technological support, the rural land and water resources are in great shortage day by day. Solid salvaged material puluated, soil, water and air pollution aggravated seriously, which have severely restricted the further propulsion of urbanization in china. This paper focused on the theme of resources environmental protection in rural community, analyzed the problems and restricting factors existing in this area at present, and layed emphasis on discussing water and air pollution control，solid salvaged material treatments and advanced technology development of soil remediation. The paper also put forward suggestions for priority development fields in science and technology to protect resource\|environment in rural community; and provided useful thoughts for implementing urbanization strategy in our country.

Research Progress on Rural Household Energy in China

HAN Yun, WANG Daolong*, BI Yuyun, WANG Yajing

2013, 15(5):  137-142.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.05.20

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Rural energy has been one of the hot topics among internal and external researchers. Domestically, studies on rural household energy mainly focus on topics including evaluation of rural energy development potential, energy consumption patterns of rural household, factors affecting energy consumption of rural household, rural household energyrelated technology, ecoenvironment effect of rural household energy consumption, government policy on rural household energy, and the development and construction of renewable rural energy. In order to provide references for further studies and rational utilization of rural household energy, this paper expounded the present domestic research status on rural household energy, analyzed the obtained achievements and drawbacks of previous studies, and also prospected the future development trends.

Research Progress on C、N Related Gas Emissions and Mitigation Technology in Animal Waste Management

WANG Yue, DONG Hongmin*, ZHU Zhiping

2013, 15(5):  143-149.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.05.21

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Animal waste management process is major emission sources of C、N related gases. It is of important significance to investigate the technology of controlling and mitigating pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. This paper reviewed the gas (NH3, N2O, CH4, CO2) emission characteristics of different animal waste management system, analyzed and compared the gas mitigation technologies during manure storage, composting, and liquid waste treatment process. It also suggested to carry out studies on various animal waste emission characteristics, to do comparative research between raw slurry and biogas effluent emissions, and to explore the controlling and biological mechanism of gas emission in waste treatment. All these would provide important and valuable references for controlling gas mitigation during animal waste treatment.

Effect of Nitrate Supply on Root Growth of Maize Inbred Line Zheng58

YUAN He, WANG Junying*

2013, 15(5):  150-156.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.05.22

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Recently, the effect of NO-3 availability on maize root morphology is a research hotspot. To understand the response of maize root morphology to changes in nitrate concentration, this paper used maize inbred line Zheng 58 as material, and analyzed the effect of changes in nitrate concentration within a short time, and partial NO-3 treatment on seedling root characteristics, plant biomass, root/shoot ratio and total N content of plants. The results showed that treatment of high concentration of N (10 mmol/L) for a short time could promote main root elongation and inhibit lateral root germination. Treatment of low N concentration (0.04 mmol/L) could promote lateral root growth and dry matter accumulation in root system, and increased root/shoot ratio. Moreover, N deficiency and partial N supply inhibited lateral root elongation. The effect of plant biomass and total N content on lateral root growth showed there were correlation between plant dry weight and lateral root length and between total N content and lateral root density. Root system characteristics phenotype data and quantitative index analysis showed that changes of nitrate concentration in environment would firstly cause the change in growth of Zheng58s lateral root.

Effects of Controlled Loss Fertilizer on Cotton Leaf Senescence, Yield and Fiber Quality

DUAN Pengfei, DU Mingwei, YANG Fuqiang, DUAN Liusheng, LI Zhaohu, TIAN Xiao

2013, 15(5):  157-165.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.05.23

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A two\|year (2010-2011) field experiment was conducted to study the effects of cotton\|special controlled loss fertilizer (CLF) on cotton leaf senescence, yield and fiber quality, using conventional cotton variety Guoxinmian3 and hybrid cotton variety Guoxinmian8 as materials. Compared with the control (applying nitrogen and potassium fertilizers while sowing and top\|dressed at full\|flowering stage, and applying phosphate fertilizer equivalent while sowing), CLF could utilize the molecular interactions between lose control agent and fertilizers, trap and reduce the loss of fertilizer significantly, increase leaf potassium (K) content by16.7%~37.7% during boll\|filling and early boll\|opening period therefore raise the net photosynthetic rate and leaf soluble protein content, enhance the activities of SOD and CAT, as well as reduce the reactive oxygen and MDA contents. The yellow leaves rate of Guoxinmian8 at the late boll\|opening stage was obviously decreased by 33.7%, thus its fiber length and strength was improved. However, CLF did not impact total seed cotton yield of both varieties. CLF had no obvious influence on leaf senescence of Guoxinmian3. Considering its just one time application, CLF could be a simplified fertilization in Huang\|Huai\|Hai cotton production region.

Application of Inactivated Parental Strain Protoplasts Fusion Technology in Selection of Volvariella volvacea with Higher Antifreeze Capacity

CHEN Jianzhong1,2, ZHU Ziping2, WU Xiao2, HE Jianhua2, JIANG Wei2,

2013, 15(5):  166-172.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.05.24

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The protoplasts of Volvariella volvacea V23 and V3552 were prepared by enzymatic method, and then were taken mutagenesis by UV and chemical 2 methods. A fusant displaying higher antifreeze capacity, as compared to that of its parents, was obtained by PEGinduced fusion between UVinactivated protoplasts of V3552 EMS and heatinactivated protoplasts of V23 UV through low temperature (0℃) selection. The best fusion condition is gained at 400g/LPEG6000, pH 8.0, for 30min fusion time, at 32℃ fusion temperature. The fusion rate could be as high as 0517%. And 200 fusants were obtained. Through screening with 0℃ low temperature, 15 Volvariella volvacea cold tolerant bacterial strains were obtained. The cold tolerant ability of hypha at 0℃ was improved by 4.5 times. The results proved that the fruit displayed higher antifreeze capacity, as compared with bacterial strains; and the liquefaction phenomenon was obviously postponed. This indicated that strains screened by this method were of further development value.

Response Surface Methodology Application for Optimizing Corncobs Pretreatment Conditions During Simultaneous Saccharification and Ethanol Fermentation

XIN Chongbo, ZI Lihan, LIU Chenguang, BAI Fengwu*

2013, 15(5):  173-180.  DOI: doi:10.3969/j.issn.10080864.2013.05.25

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Pretreatment of corncobs is critical for cellulosic ethanol production. In this study, response surface methodology was used to optimize the pretreatment conditions of corncobs, mathematical model of regarding the ethanol concentration as response value was established. The optimizing experiments were established on the basis of BoxBehnken Design. The results indicated that the optimum conditions were 88.6℃ temperature, 19.8 h, of 6.5∶1 liquidtosolid ratio, and 1.86%(v/v) H2SO4 concentration. After such pretreatment, corncobs cellulose content was 53.36%, which was 66.49% higher than the untreated ones, and the hemicellulose removal rate reached to 7758%. The ethanol concentration was 12.4 g/L after simultaneous saccharification and fermentation by SPSC01, which was very close to the predicted value 12.64 g/L. The ethanol concentration could increase to 20.54 g/L, when the added enzyme dosage was 35 FPU/g.