Table of Content

15 June 2014, Volume 16 Issue 3

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Research Progress on Risk Early-Warning for Quality and
Safety of International and Domestic Agricultural Products

ZHOU Xue-wei1,2,3,4, ZHENG Nan1,3,4*, HAN Rong-wei5, QU Xue-yin1,3,4, WANG Jia-q

2014, 16(3):  1-7.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.058

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In recent years, security incidents of agricultural products occurred frequently, which seriously affected peoples daily life. So it is very important to strengthen the inspection on factors affecting the agricultural products quality and safety, and to establish risk early warning system. This paper reviewed the risk early\|warning systems established by domestic and overseas organizations for agricultural products and food quality and safety. The paper mainly introduced the EU risk early\|warning systems, such as RASSF, MedSIys, LEWS, etc. and BPNN, “2\|3 structure” model, Shewhart control charts early\|warning theory, etc.. Simultaneously, taking dairy product as example, the paper also introduced the situation of risk early warning research carried out in China for agricultural products quality and safety, and elaborated the necessity of conducting research in this area.

New Approaches to Molecular Breeding of Soybean

QU Meng-nan1,2§, JIANG Bing-jun2§, LIU Wei2, MA Li-ming2, LIN Kang-xue2, HAN T F

2014, 16(3):  8-13.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.195

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Molecular breeding is the main force driving the global soybean production development, and has become the core technology in competition of the international soybean seed industry. This review summarized the progress in molecular breeding of soybean made in 2012 and 2013. In these two years, there was rapid development in research of functional genomics due to the application of high\|throughput technologies. New genes involved in flowering, yield, nodulation, resistance and tolerances had been isolated from soybean. In the field of molecular mapping, some new markers or QTLs had been identified, and the integration between conventional markers and novel technologies have been enhanced. Soybean genetic transformation system had been further optimized and some genes have been transformed into soybean to identify their functions. New individual or stacked transgenic events conferring insect resistance and herbicide resistance had been approved for import as food, feed or commercial planting in many countries. The paper also prospected the development of soybean molecular breeding in the near future in this article.

Technological Innovation and Industrial Development of
Rapeseed in China

XIONG Qiu-fang, WEN Jing, LI Xing-hua, SHEN Jin-xiong*

2014, 16(3):  14-22.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2013.497

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Technological innovation has played a crucial role in promoting the development of rapeseed industry in China. The sustainable and healthy development of modern rapeseed industry of China will still rely on the reformation and development of rapeseed scientific research system, which promotes the continuous technology innovation in rapeseed science and technology, and solves the majior technological problems in the development of rapeseed industry. In this study, 3 stages of rapeseed technological innovation system development in China, and achievements obtained during over 50 years were summarized. Moreover, 5 key issues affecting the development of rapeseed industry in China, and the technological bottlenecks were expounded. Recommendations about the reformation and development of scientific and technological innovation system in rapeseed were proposed based on thorough analysis of the problems existing in the scientific and technological innovation system and the underlying reasons.

Thoughts about Development and Sustainable Utilization of
Animal Genetic Resources in China

ZHANG Gui-xiang

2014, 16(3):  23-28.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2013.472

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Animal genetic resources are important biological resources. Their effective conservation and sustainable development and utilization is not only to meet the consumers diverse needs, but also the basis for the development of modern animal husbandry. At present, there are still some difficulties existing in the development and utilization of domestic animal genetic resources in China, such as inadequate government investment, unsound  incentive mechanism, insufficient efforts for research and development and extension from enterprises and scientific research institutions, separation between protection and development or utilization, etc. It is necessary to perfect relevant policies, improve the mechanism, innovate science and technology, and establish a virtuous cycle, in which  protection and development/utilization are in mutual promotion, so as to further propel the development and utilization of local genetic resources of livestock and poultry, and to meet the higher requirement of the people for more varieties and better quality of animal products, and to constantly enhance the endogenous power for developing animal husbandry in China. This paper summarized the status of protection and utilization of local livestock and poultry genetic resources in China, and analyzed some problems and difficulties existed, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.

Cloning and Functional Analysis of GhbHLH4 Gene from Upland Cotton

SUN Na1, WANG Jin2, ZUO Kai\|jing1*

2014, 16(3):  29-35.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2013.593

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bHLH is a superfamily in plant kingdom, whose members participate in the processes of plant growth, development, and stresses resistance. But up to now, the functions of bHLHs in cotton are less studied and reported. This paper took Gossypium hirsutum as material, seperates and clones gene\|GhbHLH4, and carried out initial analysis on its function. The results showed that there are abundant stress\|response relevant cis\|elements in the promoter region of gene GhbHLH4. The leaves and roots of transgenic GhbHLH4 Arabidopsis plants were wider and longer than WT. Transgenic GhbHLH4 plants grew normally under long\|time treatment of 150 mmol/L NaCl. The results of this study has laid a foundation for thorough understanding the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in GhbHLH4 gene.

Influence of Low Phosphorus Stress on Glucose Metabolism
and Nutrition Accumulation in Tobacco Yunyan 87

JIA Hong-fang1, YIN Gui-ning1, HUANG Hua-gang2, LIU Wei-zhi1, LIU Guo-shun1, CUI

2014, 16(3):  36-41.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2013.648

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In order to elucidate the influence of deficient phosphorus stress on tobacco glucose metabolism and nutrition uptake, Shapei test was designed  with T1 (1 mmol/L Pi) and T2 (0.1 mmol/L Pi) treatments taking Yunyan 87 as experiment material. The contents of sugar, starch, nutritional elements at different parts of tobacco plant, and the activities of sugar metabolism related enzymes were detected under deficient phosphorus stress. Besides, the key sugar metabolism genes (SUT1, INV, AGPase) and the expression differences of high affinity nutrients transport protein family genes (PT1, PT2, HAK1, IRT1) were also analyzed. The results showed that starch and sugar contents increased remarkably in roots and above\|ground parts under Pi deficiency condition. Under deficient phosphorus stress the contents of K and Fe increased  in tobaco roots and above\|ground parts, Mg content reduced. But there was not much difference in Ca content. K and Fe accumulation might be caused by the increase   quantity of high affinity potassium transporters (HAK1) and Iron regulate transporter genes (IRT1). This study has provided theoretical basis for studying the interaction between phosphorus and other nutrient elements in plants.

Control of Skeletal Muscle Myogenesis by Epigenetic Regulations

ZHAO Jun-xing1, YUE Wan-fu2

2014, 16(3):  42-47.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2013.441

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Skeletal muscles compose about 50% of the bodys masses and consider as the largest organ in the body. Skeletal muscle myogenesis is a highly controlled process. During myogenesis, quiescent muscle stem cells are activated and proliferated response to environmental stress, and then differentiated muscle fiber. The specification, proliferation and termination of skeletal muscle cell are coordinated by expression of different transcriptional factors, including Pax3/Pax7, MyoD, Myf5, Myogenin and MRF4, etc. Epigenetics can be defined as heritable changes in gene function that occur without primary DNA sequence modification. More and more studies indicated that epigenetic modifications of transcriptional factors control a set of genes expression, which further define myogenesis. This review summarized the mechanism of the “epigenetic network”, including histone tails modification, DNA methylation and miRNA in regulating myogenesis.

Progress on CarD, A Bacteria Transcription Regulatory Protein

WU Gang1,2, WANG Jin\|hui1,2, ZHANG Wei2, LIN Min2, CHEN Ming2*, ZHANG Yun\|hua1

2014, 16(3):  48-52. 

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To adapt to diverse environments, microorganism  require coordinate transcriptional regulation of rRNA  through the stringent response. Bacterial CarD has a C\|terminal DNA\|binding domain and an N\|terminal domain involved in interactions with RNA polymerase, as a global regulator, which involves in many cellular physiological metabolism processes and plays an important role in regulating the ribosome RNA transcription. This paper expounded the progress in studying the protein structure of bacteria CarD, homologous protein and control method, etc.. It also discussed the function of CarD protein  and its molecular mechanism for regulating rRNA transcriptional expression.

Studies |of Mevalonate Pathway Influence on Biosynthesis of Terpenoids in Basidiomycota

LI Liang1,2, SHANG Xiao\|dong1, TAN Qi1*

2014, 16(3):  53-61.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2013.536

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There are numerous active terpenoids in Basidiomycota cellular. These active substances have important influence on human nutrition and health. Mevalonate pathway, which can govern biosynthesis of some kinds of terpenoids, is an essential path in regulating secondary metabolism in Basidiomycota cells. However, the production of terpenoids in the cell is very low, and the chemical and biological synthesis methods of active terpenoids are with low efficiency and high cost. Therefore, in order to increase the output of terpenoids substances, this paper introduced some key substances, Acetyl\|CoA, HMG\|CoA, MVK, and their influences on biosynthesis of terpenoids, aiming at improving target terpenoids production by adjusting and controlling these substances.

Analysis of Global Regulator RsmA Evolution in Nitrogen-fixing
Pseudomonas stutzeri and Studies on its Expression Characters

SHANG Li-guo, GONG Pai, ZHAN Yu-hua, DENG Zhi-ping, YAN Yong-liang*

2014, 16(3):  62-69.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.177

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RsmA is a highly conservative global regulator in Pseudomonas, which could affect mRNA stability or control the translation of the target gene, and then to affect protine expression by combining mRNA of the target gene. In nitrogen-fixing Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501, there were one rsmA homologus gene and one non\|coding small RNA gene rsmZ that might regulate RsmA activity. The evolution of RsmA and RsmZ in A1501 and conducted additional studies on their expression indicated that RsmA of A1501 shared 98% genetic similarity with RsmA of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and RsmZ contained 4 RsmA binding sites. The real\|time PCR results showed that the rsmA transcription level was high in early growing period and drops down in the exponential growing and stable phases. The expression of rsmZ did not change significantly during the whole growing period. Under carbon starvation conditions,  rsmA and rsmZ genes showed a significantly reduced level of transcription. The mutation of rpoS did not affect rsmA expression; however, rsmZ transcription was enhanced by 30\|fold, indicating that rsmZ was negatively regulated by rpoS. Further study indicated that there were no changes in the expression of rsmA and rsmZ in gacA mutant. Based on the above experiments, the regulatory model of rsmA and rsmZ in A1501 was different from other Pseudomonas, such as Pseudomonas fluorescens CHAO and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. This paper has laid a theoretical foundation for further studying rsmA function and its regulatory mechanism under spesific condition.

Potential Research of Fusarium avenaceum Isolate GD\|2 as a Bioherbicide Agent for Wild Oats(Avena fatua L.)

CHENG Liang1,2, GUO Qing\|yun1,2*

2014, 16(3):  70-80.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2013.410

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An isolate of indigenous fungus Fusarium avenaceum GD\|2 was isolated from infected wild oats (Avena fatua L.) in Guide County, Qinghai Province. Laboratory pathogenicity determination, large\|scale culture of indoor spores and field plot test were conducted on this isolate as a biocontrol agent for wild oats. Under greenhouse conditions, watery brown disease spots appeared on the inoculated plants 48 h after inoculation, and eventually the leaf blades were senescence and died. The motidity were 90% and 95%, respectively during 2 and 4 leaf stage at 7 d. At the same time, the state of disease reached the highest rank, which had obvious inhibitory effect on plant height. The experiment result of liquid\|solid joint culture indicated that the highest spore production was obtained at the initial moisture content of 59%~61%, 28℃, initial pH 7.0, and 0.5% (V/V) initial inoculums size (1.0×106 conidia/mL). The highest spore production could reach 7.58×108 conidia/g after incubating for 7 d. Under field conditions, the mixed treatment of Fusarium avenaceum with quizalofop\|p\|ethyl could significantly reduced the biomass in wild oats. Leaf surface moisture condition led to the lower preventing effect in 2012 than 2011. No matter under greenhouse or field conditions, wild oats were susceptible to Fusarium avenaceum. Therefore, this research result indicated that Fusarium avenaceum GD\|2 is a potential bio\|herbicide for controlling wild oats.

Screening and Identification of Saline\|alkali Tolerant and Tobacco Black Shank Resistant Trichoderma

CUI Xi-ling1,2, LI Shi-gui1,2, YANG Jia2, FAN Xiang-chen2, GU Jin-gang1,2*

2014, 16(3):  81-89.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2013.450

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In this study, 20 saline\|alkali tolerant Trichoderma strains were isolated and screened from 48 saline\|alkali soil samples collected in Tianjin, Hebei Province by dilution plate coating method. When they were cultured on PDA medium at 8% NaCl concentration and pH 8.0 for 7 days, colony diameter went up to 1.0~5.9 cm. Phytophthora nicotianae ACCC38065 was used as pathogen to evaluate the disease\|resistant effect of Trichoderma selected. Six strains were selected, which have better antagonistic effect on Phytophthora nicotianae ACCC38065. Of which, strain 28TJ19 has the best antagonism effect. Tablet confrontation and inhibition rate were 52.8% and 71.6%, respectively, followed by strain 28HB14(41.7%, 76.2%)、29HB16(41.7%, 67.3%). These six strains were classified and identified by morphological observation, ITS sequence analysis and TEF sequence analysis. Four of them were identified as Trichoderma harzianum. The other two strains were Trichoderma longibrachiatum. The results of greenhouse test indicated that all these 6 strains had bio\|control effect of different degrees on tobacco blank shank. Among them the effect of strain 29TJ04 and 29HB16 were the best, which could reach 100%.

Effect Analysis of Closed Cage on Breeding

LIU Ping, JIANG Tao*, XU Zhong-wei, XU Ming-chang, CHEN Zhi-xin

2014, 16(3):  90-95.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2013.547

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In order to realize healthy culture and improve waterbody yield and quality by the largest extent, this paper studied and developedes a closed cage to running water type. The closed cage has window (hole) on the wall, which can be opened for changing water. The holes could be closed or opened by waterproof zippers. The closed cage was installed on cement floating body, and 2 pumps were used to provide circulating water thus improving flesh quality while removing fecal matter and unconsumed feed. This closed cage could prevent and control diseases. Waste material is recycled for compost. The closed cage was tested in street reservoir of Youxi County in Fujian Province in September 2011. The test was conducted by breeding tilapia for 100 d, and the water quality was tested regularly in 4 closed cages with different cultivation methods. Under the closed cultivation conditions, the oxygen levels was 6.158 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents were 0.291 mg/L and 0.011 mg/L on average. The results showed that the new closed cage could ensure the survival rate of aquatic products in the case of surface water pollution, recycle the waste, and realize pollution-free cage farming.

Progress on Technologies and Facility of Dead Animal Treatment

HAO Feng-pei1,2, KONG Xiao-ling1*, SHANG Bin2*

2014, 16(3):  96-102.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2013.643

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Biosafety treatment  of dead animals is the crucial avenue for non\|hazardous and reutilization, to ensure the healthy development of animal husbandry. This paper briefly introduced the dead animal storage，transportation and related laws and regulations. The research  status, characteristics of the main technologies and facility of dead animal treatment, including burial, incineration, alkaline hydrolysis, rendering, composting, biodegradation under high temperature and anaerobic digestion, are also reviewed in this paper, which might give references for choosing the reasonable technology of dead animal treatment.

Progress on Effect of High Temperature on Rice Yield Formation

WU Chao, CUI Ke\|hui*

2014, 16(3):  103-111.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2013.449

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High temperature stress caused by global warming posed a serious threat to rice high productivity. The increasing frequency and intensity of extreme high temperature stress have adverse effects on rice growth, development, and grain yield. Rice plants are susceptible to high temperature during booting, flowering, and grain filling stages. This paper reviewed the recent research progress made in studying the effects of high temperature at 3 stages (booting, heading & flowering, grain filling) on rice grain yield formation. High temperature has detrimental effects on pollen development, anther dehiscence, spikelet fertility, and on accumulation and translocation of photoassimilates, grain filling and starch synthesis. Those effects subsequently result in grain filling rate and grain yield declining. Grain filling rate and grain yield are mainly parameters for evaluating rice tolerance to high temperature. On the basis of previous studies, we put forward several measures as genetic improvement, optimization in nutrient and water management, artificial auxiliary pollination, and application of plant growth regulators, which might mitigate rice high temperature stress.

Present Status of Heavy Metal Pollution from Livestock Waste and Progress on Passivation Measures

HOU Yue\|qing1,2, SHEN Yu\|jun2, LIU Shu\|qing1*

2014, 16(3):  112-118.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2013.681

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Livestock and poultry industry in China presents the characteristics of intensive operation, and the organic fertilizer produced by manure still sufferred from serious heavy metals overweight phenomenon, which have led to heavy metals accumulation in soils and the quality of agricultural products toboggan. This paper reviewed the situation of heavy metal pollution in animal manure, summarized the passivation measures taken in recently years, and analyzed the different kinds of passivator and their passivation effect during composting. According to the above mentioned details, the paper prospected the future research trends and key development direction. The comprehensive analysis thought that the research and development of passivator should concern more about the low cost and reuse of the waste resources. Long\|term experiment should be carried out on the land using livestock manure as organic fertilizer, so as to further trace the changes of heavy metals in soil.

Impact of Different Straw Sources Addition on
Cow Dung Aerobic Composting

ZHAO Xiu-ling1, ZHU Xin-ping1, LUO Yan-li1, JIA Hong-tao1*, YU Xiong2

2014, 16(3):  119-125.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2013.480

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Large scale farming has become the development trend for modern animal husbandry. Recently large scale dairy cow breeding has undergone unprecedented development in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, but the fecal utilization became a prominent issue. Using cow dung as the main raw material, and adding biological maturity agent and 4 different straws as additives, this study explored the impact of different straw sources addition on cow dung aerobic composition. Results showed as follows: ① At the end of composting, except the control in all treatments the water contents were ≤20%, and met the moisture content standard in organic manure composting. Moisture content of cow dung mixed with alfalfa straw reached standard level at the 18 d section. ② The pH increased and then decreased for all treatment, and the ending heap materials showed a weak alkaline, with pH values at 8.0~9.0. These pH values meet the standard of organic manure composting.  Cow dung and cotton straw composting process ended with a conductivity of 3.28 ms/cm, and would not hinder the crop growth. ③ Throughout the whole composting process, when comparing the contents at initial stage with the end states, it was found that TN contents increased for all treatments except cow dung mixed with alfalfa straw treatment and the control treatment, while TP contents for all treatments increased other than cow dung mixed with cotton straw treatment and the control treatment. Moreover, for each treatment, TK content increased when comparing with the initial state. At the end of the composting, the AP and AK contents increased in each treatment, while the organic matter content reduced, because of mineralization and release of nutrients. But the organic matter content still met the organic matter standard for organic fertilizer.

Initial Assessment of Seaweed Farming Ecological
Value in Coastal Waters of China

YUE Dong-dong, WANG Lu-min*, GENG Rui, WANG Qian, DAI Yuan-yuan

2014, 16(3):  126-133.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2013.507

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Seaweed farming is an important part of fishery industry in China. It has multiple ecological functions. This paper used reforestation cost approach, industrial oxygen price method and production cost method to evaluate the ecological value of seaweed farming including carbon sink, oxygen release and absorption of nutrients in the sea. The results indicated that during 2000-2012, the annual ecological value of seaweed farming was about 6.09 billion Yuan/a RMB. Among which the ecological value of carbon sinks was 0.43 billion Yuan/a, releasing oxygen was 0.63 billion Yuan/a, N, P absorption was 59.84 billion Yuan/a, which accounts for over 98% of the total value. Seaweed farming ecological value index and 2 sub\|indices of carbon sinks, ecological value index oxygen release and absorption N, P were constructed. The paper suggested to strengthen the research on seaweed farming ecological functions, so as to lay a foundation for establishing a mechanism for seaweed farming ecological value accounting and ecological compensation.

Progress of Adhering Mechanisms of Latic Acid Bacteria in Digestive Tract of Aquatic Animal

ZHENG Rui\|zhu1,2, HE Su\|xu2, YANG Ya\|lin2, XIE Xiang\|ming1*, ZHOU Zhi\|gang2

2014, 16(3):  134-142.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.123

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Latic acid bacteria have been widely used as probiotics in aquaculture. The adhering ability in the hosts digestive tract is regarded as one main character to take their beneficial effects. Therefore, adhesion is one of the most important indexes to evaluate the probiotic functions. This article reviewed the recent progress of LAB adhesion, including LAB adhesion factors, influences  and adhesion evaluation system, and the possible mechanisms, which was expected to lay the foundation for finding beneficial components.


Preparation of a New Polyclonal Antibody Based on PAHs Immunogen

XU Li, ZHAO Lu*, CHENG Yan-jun, SUN Kai-xuan, ZHAO Ke-hui

2014, 16(3):  143-149.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2013.548

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In order to exploit the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ELISA test kit for rapidly detecting PAHs in different environmental samples, the polyclonal antibody (pAb) against pyrene was prepared. The hapten (1\|Pyrenebutyric acid, 1\|PBA) was conjugated covalently to the carrier proteins including bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin (OVA)to prepare immunogen and coating antigen via amide bonds by the active ester method. Antiserum was raised against the conjugate PBA\|BSA by stimulating immune responses in rabbits. The specific pAb against PAHs was obtained by affinity purification and developing an indirectly competitive enzyme\|linked immunosorbent assay (ic\|ELISA). A standard curve for pyrene was established to detect the specificity of antibody. The titer of compound antiserum was 1∶102 400. The average IC50 value was 0.06 mg/L, and the detection limit at 10% inhibition (IC90) was 0.01 mg/L. The pAb had the highest affinity with 4~6 ring PAHs by determining cross\|reactivity of 16 PAHs. Further, the additive of less than 40% methanol in the test sample has no significant effect on ELISA. The PAHs polyclonal antibody and its characterization are necessary for technical reserves in future development and improvement of the PAHs ELISA test kit.

Studies on Optimization of Extracting Condition for Glucosinolates in Chinese Kale (Brassica alboglabra Bailey)

LA Gui\|xiao1, KONG Hai\|min2, FANG Ping3, YANG Tie\|gang1*

2014, 16(3):  150-155.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2013.622

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Taking the orthogonal test design, this paper studied the effect of different extraction factors (extract temperature, methanol concentrations of extract solution, extract time, and ratios between sample to be tested and extract solution) on glucosinolates (GSs) extraction the total content of GSs, total aliphatic GSs, and total indolyl GSs from bolting stems of Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra Bailey). Sample/solution ratio and extract temperature had significant influence on the total content of GSs, total aliphatic GSs, and total indolyl GSs (P<0.05). While, methanol concentration and extract time had no significant influence on Glucosinolate extraction yield (P>0.05). Considering the extraction effect and cost, we suggested the optimal extract temperature, ratio of sample to extract solution, methanol concentrations of extract solution, and extract time are 75℃, 1∶45(g∶mL), 70% and 5 min, respectively. Under the optimal condition, the total content of GSs, total aliphatic GSs, and total indolyl GSs are 8.31 μmol/g DW, 7.58 μmol/g DW, and 0.73 μmol/g DW, respectively.

Analysis of Technical Efficiency and Technological
Progress Contribution in Mutton Sheep Production

LIU Yu-feng, WANG Ming-li*, SHI Zi-zhong, WANG Hong-|yu

2014, 16(3):  156-161.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.072

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In recent years, the demand for mutton exceeded its supply and the price in meat market rose rapidly. This situation has directly affected the basic livelihood of the residents living at border and minority areas, and the social stability in these regions is also affected. To keep the sustainable development of mutton sheep industry in China, we must rely on the technology progress and improvement of technical efficiency. Therefore, this paper analyzed the input and output of mutton sheep industry, and calculated the technical efficiency of 7 major mutton sheep producing provinces/regions from 1990 to 2012 using model parameter method. The paper also estimated the technology progress  rate and its contribution share. The results showed that the technical efficiency increased year by year and the average value was 0.83 in 2012; technical efficiency has regional differences, which reduced year by year; the contribution share of technology progress is 45.9%. All these indicated that the development pattern of mutton sheep industry in China is between ‘extensive form’ and ‘intensive form’. In view of this conclusion, the paper put forward policy suggestions as strengthening breed improvement and service for production technology promotion, and improving  forage conversion rate.

Comparative Analysis of Apiculture Industry Between China and Israel

LIU Zhi-guang, LV Li-ping, DING Gui-ling, GUO Hai-kun, SHI Wei*

2014, 16(3):  162-168.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2013.489

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Development of apiculture industry is of important significance for ecological agriculture development and yield/income increase of agriculture production. The land area in Israel is narrow, but her bee colony density and  apiculture development all rank among the top of the world, specially the mechanization level is very high. In order to improve the large scale breeding level of apiculture industry in China, Israel study tours was made  to learn from their apiculture industry. This paper conducted comparative analysis on apiculture industry (CCD), honey production, value of pollination, etc. between China and Israel. Due to the impact of CCD, the total quantity of Israel colonies decreased since 2006. Thus, the honey production and pollination output value were affected. But CCD had less influence on Chinas apiculture industry. The bee colony quantity and honey yield production in China were far more than that of Israel. But Chinas honey yield per unit area was less than Israel before 2005. Since 2006, due to the influence of CCD in Israel,  Chinas honey yield per unit area had surpassed Israel, and keep rising. This paper selected 9 kinds of fruit, vegetable and cash crop, which depend on bee pollination, and carried out comparative analysis on pollination value. The pollination values of 9 kinds of fruit, vegetable and cash corp of Israel are higher than that of China. The mechanization level of apiculture industry of Israel is higher, less human resources are invested, more attention is paid on the economic value of pollination, and honey product quality and safety. All those results are worthwhile  for China apiculture industry to use for reference.

Studies on Seed Safety Status Based upon Bibliometrics

LI Xiao1,2, CHEN Chun\|yan1,2, ZHAO Ying\|wen1,2, DU Xing\|duan1,2

2014, 16(3):  169-176.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2013.440

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Based on the related literatures from Web of Science database retrieval about seed industry security between 1982 to May 31st of 2013, we carried out bibliometric analysis on research trend, country, research direction, organization, author, journals and the highly cited papers. The results showed that there were about 64 countries and regions, 544 research institutes were engaged in this research, and 83 related research areas, 967 authors, 945 journals, and 1 837 papers was published. The highest frequency for one cited paper was 497. The United State is leading the world in seed industry security study. There is still a bigger gap between China and US in this area. Although the number of researchers engaged in this area is large, there are few authors who are active and high productive. Most of the authors working at colleges and universities, mainly engaged in theoretical study. Here we would suggest keeping track and increasing investment for scientific research in this area. This study aimsed at analyzing objectively the seed security situation at home and abroad, grasping timely its development frontier and new trends, providing reference for researchers and decision makers, and promoting studies on seed industry security and development.

Bibliometrics Evaluation of the Duckweed Scientific
Papers Based on Web of Science

MAO Ping, HUANG Dong-xiao, WANG Yu-hua, ZHOU Hua, ZHAO Hai, WANG Hai-yan*

2014, 16(3):  177-184.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2013.594

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In order to investigate the distribution and current status of duckweed study, this paper analyzed the duckweed research literature collected by Science Citation Index expand（SCIE） since 1925 to 2013. The results indicated that there were 1 742 research papers indexed, and the annual quantity of paper issued showed a growing trend. After 1990, the quantity of paper issued and citation frequency was remarkably increased. The United States ranked No.1 in the 3 aspects of paper quantity, citation frequency and H\|index, which embodied that USA took the leading position in duckweed research area. China took No.5 in issued paper quantity. The periodical with the largest quantity of research papers was <Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry>. Duckweed literatures are mainly distributed in Environmental Sciences and Ecology, Plant Sciences, Toxicology. The research hot spots are constructed in the purification effects of duckweed in sanitary sewage and industrial waste water.