Table of Content

15 December 2017, Volume 19 Issue 12

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Research Progress of Influence of Haze-fog on Agricultural Production and Agricultural Product Circulation

MA Juanjuan, KONG Fantao, ZHOU Xiangyang, XU Weiwei, WU Jianzhai*

2017, 19(12):  1-7.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0118

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As disastrous weather，haze-fog is not only harmful to human health, but also a threat to agricultural production. Recently, the haze-fog weather trends to arise in China, haze-fog has become the concerning focus by all walks of life. This paper summarized and analyzed the research progress and achievement at home and abroad made in haze-fog influence on agricultural production and agricultural products circulation. Studies abroad usually adopted qualitative and quantitative method, and mainly investigated the mechanism of haze-fog influence on crop growth and yield. While the domestic research mainly focused on qualitative and less quantitative studies. Most of the research findings indicated that haze-fog had led to crop yield decrease, quality of agricultural products degradation, environmental of agricultural production polluted, and circulation of agricultural products hindered. In future, studies should lay more emphasis on cross-sectional, and interdisciplinary cooperation, and basic research in mechanism model and quantitative analysis. At the same time, efferts should be made to realize study, application and control simultaneously.

Experiences of American Food Fortification and Its Enlightenment to China

PANG Xuesi, ZHOU Xiaoyu, XU Haiquan, GUO Yanzhi*

2017, 19(12):  8-13.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0476

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Food fortification can prevent the occurrence of related diseases by adding specific nutrients to the food and it is one of the important ways to correct micronutrient deficiencies at population level. American food fortification has a history of more than 90 years. It is extensive,popular and is of complete regulations in it. This paper studied the development of food fortification in America in order to enlighten the updating path of food fortification in China.Through the analysis of the present situation and existing problems of our country, using the relevant experience of the United States for reference, it was regarded necessary to complete relevant laws and regulations, increase the technology to reduce costs while maintaining the nutrition and taste,strengthen the policy and financial support of government and improve consumer’s awareness of fortification food.

Research Advance in iTRAQ Technology and Its Application in Proteomics of Rice

CHEN Linghua1,2, CHENG Zuxin2, XU Ming2, ZHENG Jingui2*

2017, 19(12):  14-23.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0224

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Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) is a novel high-throughput technique for protein sequencing. This technology combined with high-resolution mass spectrometer is a powerful means for carrying out qualitative and quantitative analysis up to 8 samples simultaneously. This method can test wide range of protein with low limitation, and yet has reliabal and accurate results. Recently, iTRAQ technology has been widely used in studying plant structure, function and expression, etc.. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a main grain crop for human, and also the first cereal model plant completed genome sequencing. It is of great significance to study rice growth, development and regulation mechanism at the proteome level. This paper summarized the principle, operation procedure, advantages and disadvantages of iTRAQ technology, and focused on analyzing rice proteomics research in plant tissue and organ, subcellular level, environment stress, hormone induce, and rice mutant, etc.. Finally this paper prospected the application of iTRAQ technology in rice proteomics.

Identification of MAPK Cascade Signal Pathway and Prediction of the Model in Rice Sheath Blight Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani

YANG Xiling1, JIANG Shujun1, MA Jing1, DAI Lingyan2, DENG Benliang3,

2017, 19(12):  24-33.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0370

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MAPK cascade signal pathway plays a key role in the growth, development, reproduction and pathogenicity of plant pathogenic fungi. According to the published genome-wide data of 5 rice sheath blight pathogen (Rhizoctonia solani), this paper identified the MAPK cascade signal pathway genes by bioinformatics, and predicted the MAPK signal pathways of rice sheath blight pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. The results of protein domain and motif analysis showed that the MAPK signal pathway genes of Rhizoctonia solani all contained serine/threonine protein kinase domain, and the gene sequences were conservatized. The results of multiple sequence alignment indicated that there were 11 MAPKKK genes, respectively belonging to Ste11, Bck1 and Ssk2; 10 MAPKK genes belonging to Ste7, Pbs2 and Mkk1; 12 MAPK genes were classified as Kss1/Fus3, Hog1, Slt2 and Ime2. Among the genome of the 5 rice sheath blight pathogen, MAPK cascade signal pathways of Fus3/Kss1-MAPK, Hog1-MAPK, Slt2-MAPK and Ime2-MAPK were found in R. solani (taxid: 456999) and AG-3 Rhs 1AP (taxid: 1086054). In genome of AG-1 IB (taxid: 1108050), there were Kss1/Fus3-MAPK, Hog1-MAPK, and Slt2-MAPK signal pathway. And there was only Hog1-MAPK signal pathway in genome of AG-8 WAC10335 (taxid: 1287689). While, 2 MAPKKK genes in genome of AG-1 IA (taxid: 983506) could not find complete signal pathway. Based on the above results, the signal pathway models of Kss1/Fus3, Hog1, Slt2 and Ime2 were predicted in R. solani. These results provided theoretical basis for further studying the function of MAPK family in R. solani.

Screening and Identification of a Strain Producing Extracellular Catechol-2,3-dioxygenase

XU Miao, CHAO Qunfang*

2017, 19(12):  34-42.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0022

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In order to get strains degrading pyrene, which can produce extracellular catechol-2,3-dioxygenase, oil-contaminated soil samples in Karamay of Xinjiang were taken as specimen sources, strains with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon were screened using pyrene as the sole carbon and energy source. Testing the extracellular catechol-2,3-dioxygenase the strain produced qualitatively and quantitatively by chromogenic reaction and enzymatic reaction. And the strain was identified according to its morphological characteristics, BIOLOG GENⅢ microplate identification and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Based on single factor and orthogonal experiments, preliminary discussion on the growth characteristics and the best degradation conditions of the strain were carried out. The results showed that strain W39 degrading pyrene could secrete extracellular catechol-2,3-dioxygenase, and after being induced by pyrene, the enzyme producing capacity was increased by 3 times. Strain W39 was identified as Enterobacter cloacae. Its optimum culture conditions was 35℃, pH 7.0, and 50 mg/L pyrene. Therefore, catechol-2,3-dioxygenase is one of the key enzymes in the process of pyrene degradation, and further studies can be conducted on it.

Analysis of Molecular Evolution and Codon Bias of Lipoxygenase (LOX) Gene Family in Tea Tree

ZHOU Ziwei1,2§, CHANG Xiaojun1,2§, YOU Fangning1,2,

2017, 19(12):  43-51.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0457

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Lipoxygenase (LOX, EC1.13.11.12) is a class of non\|heme iron\|containing enzyme specifically catalyzing the dioxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Based on the tea tree genome, this study analyzed and concluded the molecular characteristics, evolution law and codon preference of 12 members in tea tree genome. The results of physiochemical nature detect showed that CsLOX6 gene had the longest open reading frame (ORF) of 2 778 bp, encoding 925 amino acids, and its protein molecular weight was 104.5 kDa. Compared with amino acid sequences of the other species, the phylogenetic tree between tea tree LOX gene family members and 37 LOX genes from 26 species(all belong to dicotyledoneae) were constructed. The results showed that 5 members belonged to 9\|LOX subtribe, 5 members belonged to 13\|LOX TypeⅠ subclass, and only 2 members belonged to 13\|LOX TypeⅡ subclass. However, as the member of 13\|LOX TypeⅡ subclass, CsLOX5 lacked of transit peptide in its leader sequence. The result of analyzing the relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) value showed that 4 codons were high\|frequency, and 9 codons were low\|frequency. The results of the analysis of codon bias parameters showed that the bias of codon usage of tea tree LOX gene family was weak, and they prefered to use A/T as their third place of codons. In addition, cluster analysis of RSCU value was made with Neighbor\|Joinin (NJ) method, and it was found that there were differences in CsLOX10 gene clustering between phylogenetic tree based on coding sequences(CDS) and RSCU value clustering.

Studies and Design of Traceability Multisided Platform for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products

ZHENG Kaitao, LIU Shihong*

2017, 19(12):  52-58.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0268

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In order to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products, China has made many achievements in traceability of agricultural products. But some key problems are still existing, such as information asymmetry, difficulty of traceability, inefficient supervision from government, low social participation, etc.. This paper analyzed the reason for less development of China's agricultural products multisided platform (MSP) from MSP theory; put forward the suggestion of constructing multisided platform for quality and safety of agricultural products traceability based on Time-Space Traceability Code(TSTC) of national unity, combing the advantages both of MSP and traceability of agricultural products. This paper also conducted overall design for this platform, including how many sides involved in this design, total architecture design and basic function design,etc.. Finally, the paper designed the management process for traceability of agricultural products, so as to achieve effective traceability for agricultural products.

Review on Crop Temperature and Its Monitoring Technologies

LIU Tao1, ZHONG Xiaochun2*, SUN Chengming1

2017, 19(12):  59-66.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0565

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Crop temperature is derived from the energy exchange between the crop and the environment, the change of crop temperature is an effective monitoring indicator of crop growth. Infrared thermal imaging technology can reflect the surface temperature of the object through the infrared thermal radiation of the object. Currently, crop temperature is always explored as an affiliated issue from the aspect of energy budget instead of a synthetic and logic consideration．In order to analysis the causes of crop temperature comprehensively, this paper made a brief review on crop temperature from external reason, internal reason and monitoring method; introduced the factors of affecting temperature, including variety characteristics, growth period, different organs, light, temperature, water, CO2, wet, wind, planting density, fertilization, etc. Also, the application of thermal infrared technology in the monitoring of crop growth status was described. Finally, the problems existing in the field of crop monitoring were summarized, and the future research was prospected.

Research on Placement Site of Urea Single Application in Summer Maize

JIANG Chaoqiang1,2, LU Dianjun2, WANG Shiji1, ZHOU Jianmin2,

2017, 19(12):  67-74.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0148

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Effects of single application depth of nitrogen on summer maize yield, nitrogen accumulation and fertilizer use efficiency were studied in Taihe and Dongzhi counties of Anhui province, so as to probe the suitable depth for single fertilizer application in summer maize and to provide reference for precise single fertilization in mechanization of summer maize. Seven treatments of hole application were included in the present field experiment, CK, depth of 6 cm (D6), 9 cm (D9), 9 cm and 12 cm \[D(9+12)\], 12 cm (D12), 12 cm and 15 cm \[D(12+15)\], and 15 cm (D15). Except CK treatment, the doses of N, P2O5 and K2O were 180 kg/hm2, 135 kg/hm2 and 180 kg/hm2 in all fertilization treatments respectively. The results showed that in all treatments, maize yields in Taihe were 1.3~1.5 times of those in Dongzhi under the same fertilizer application. In both Taihe and Dongzhi experimental spots, maize yield of D12 urea application was increased than that of D6 and D15 treatments by 12.6% and 6.7%, respectively. The nitrogen accumulation in maize plant was the highest in D12 treatment, and in Dongzhi it was significantly higher than that of D6 and D15 treatments. The depth of urea application could significantly affect nitrogen use ratios in agronomy and apparent. The results in both Taihe and Dongzhi experimental spots indicated that the nitrogen apparent recovery in D12 treatment was increased than that of D6 and D15 treatments by 9.6% and 10.5%, respectively. The suitable depth for urea single application in Anhui province is about 12 cm in summer maize.

Agronomic Characters and Active Components of Ganoderma lucidum Strains Under Different Cultivation Patterns

JIN Xin1, LI Wenzhi2, HE Wenjiang2, CHEN Zuqin1, Li Qiang1,

2017, 19(12):  75-81.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0177

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To better understand the differences of different Ganoderma lucidum strains and explore the best cultivation model for processing Ganoderma lucidum source to upgrade the fine varieties and improve cultivation patterns, this paper studied the agronomic traits and active constituents of 4 Ganoderma lucidum strains by different cultivation patterns. The results showed that the agronomic traits of Huanglingzhi were the best in cut-log cultivation, and the agronomic traits of wild Lingzhi were the optimum. The contents of polysaccharides and triterpenes were the highest in cut-log cultivation of Pingzhi, and the content of polysaccharides was the highest in bag cultivation of wild Lingzhi. The contents of polysaccharides and triterpenes of Lingbai, Pingzhi and Huanglingzhi in cut-log cultivation were higher than that by bag cultivation, but the contents of polysaccharides and triterpenoids of wild Lingzhi in bag cultivation were significantly higher than that by cut-log cultivation. It indicated seen that different Ganoderma lucidum strains were suitable for different cultivation conditions and modes. These results provided references for selecting Ganodermalucidum strains with high active components, and related cultivation modes.

Analysis of Zinc Content Distribution in Flue-cured Tobacco Leaf and Its Influencing Factors in Mid-altitude Area of Red Earth in Qujing

FANG Xiu1, LU Xiuping2, XU Zicheng1*, XIE Yan3, ZHANG Sen1, MU Tong1

2017, 19(12):  82-90.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0093

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In order to clear and definite the distribution of tobacco zinc content in mid-altitude red earth area in Qujing city, this paper studied 604 tobacco samples in this area about their distribution of tobacco zinc content and its relationship with soil available zinc content, pH, organic matter and available P content using field investigation and laboratory analysis method. The results showed that: ① The zinc content in tobacco leaves in mid-altitude red earth area in Qujing city was high, averagely ranging from 16.66~109.89 mg/kg with the mean of (46.35±16.43) mg/kg, and there were 94.54% of the zinc content in tobacco leaves suit with the standard in China. There were significantly differences in zinc content of flue-cured tobacco leaves produced in different areas. The order of zinc content in main tobacco cultivars were Hongda>Yunyan 87>Yunyan 85>Yunyan 97>K326. ② The zinc content in flue-cured tobacco leaves was highly correlated with soil available zinc content, the zinc content in tobacco leaves was significantly different among different groups at the P<0.05 level. ③ The zinc content in flue-cured tobacco leaves were greatly affected by soil pH, organic matter and available P content, and were negatively correlated. Thus, the available zinc content, pH, organic matter and available phosphorus content in soil could affect the zinc content in tobacco leaves by different degrees, and then affect the quality of tobacco leaves. These results provided references for reasonable adjust and control of zinc content in tobacco leaves, and scientific balanced fertilization.

Research Progress on Optimization of Multistage Circulation of Agricultural Wastes Mode and Integrated Application in Fujian Province

WENG Boqi1, WANG Yixiang1, WANG Huangping2, LUO Tao1, LIAO Jianhua3, LIN Daiyan4

2017, 19(12):  91-103.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0338

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Modern circular agriculture is an important part of modern agriculture construction. The development of modern circulate agriculture has gained remarkable achievements during the “12th five-year” period in Fujian Province. A number of main production modes of multi-level recycling with regional characteristics were optimized and built in utilization of agricultural wastes from crop farming, animal husbandry and mushroom industry. Simultaneously, according to different leading industries, 5 modern circulate agricultural industrial chain development modes with transformation, utilization and effective conection were established. Through scientific innovation, 28 key interface technologies were broken through, and new varieties and new technologies were integrated and popularized. Significant economic, social and ecological benefits were achieved. This paper summarized the experience gained in building production mode according to local conditions; reviewed the progress in creating technology system and making the best use of the circumstances; analyzed the problems occurred during the process of modern circular agriculture development; put forward countermeasures about modern circulation agriculture development; and prospected future development orientation, so as to provide theoretical reference and technical support for national modern circulate agriculture construction.

Isolation, Identification and Drug Sensitivity Analysis of Gold Carp Visceral Sarcoidosis of Pathogen

WANG Yongjie, CHEN Honglian, CHENG Yunsheng, WANG Fen

2017, 19(12):  104-109.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0266

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In recent years, sarcoidosis is one of the frequent outbreak disease in freshwater fishery. In order to effectively prevent and control this disease, the experiment separated the dominant pathogens (named AH strain) from the dying gold crucian carp at a fish farm of Hefei outskirts and carried out identification. The morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics of the strain, and the sensitivity of common drugs were determined by traditional bacteria classification method, and molecular biology method was also used to clone and sequence the specific fragment of 16S rRNA. The AH strain was consistent with the control Edwards strain on the morphological characteristics and physiological biochemical characteristics. The result of sequence analysis on AH strain and catfish Edward siella strains (AB050826, NR_024769) showed that the homology to each other was over 99.9%, and they were assigned to the same strains family. After artificial infection test, similar natural incidence of visceral sarcoidosis symptoms were appeared. The results of drug sensitivity test showed that AH strain was sensitive to ofloxacin and the other 10 kinds of drugs; moderately sensitive to the sulfa drugs, such as sulfamethoxazole; and resistant to 4 kinds of antibiotics. Comprehensive analysis indicated that Edward bacteria was a virulent pathogen of gold crucian carp visceral sarcoidosis. This study provided a useful reference for the effective prevention and control of golden crucian carp offal sarcoidosis.

Effects of Dietary Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on Growth Performance and Hepatic Function in Juvenile Black Seabream (Sparus macrocephalus)

QIN Chubin, ZHU Haiyan, MEI Xiaoqiang, XU Han, SHAO Qingjun*, LI Weifen*

2017, 19(12):  110-118.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0642

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In order to investigate the effect of bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on growth performance, digestive enzymes activities, serum proteins levels and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in juvenile black seabream (Sparus macrocephalus), this paper reared the fish with 7 g body weight in a small cement pool of an indoor micro-water circulation system and fed diets containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens at a dose of 0, 0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.1%, respectively. After 56 d, the results showed that the bacterium led to improve weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) in juvenile black seabream. The WGR and SGR were significantly higher in juvenile black seabream fed by diet supplemented with 0.05% of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens than that of the fish fed by control diet. The intestinal protease and lipase activities in the fish fed by diet supplemented with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were significantly higher than that of the control group. The total serum protein levels of juveniles fed with 0.025% Bacillus dietary supplement were significantly higher than that of the control group, among them the globulin and albumin levels were extremely increased. In addition, the intestinal amylase activity and hepatic SOD activity were also obviously higher in the 0.1% Bacillus amyloliquefaciens dietary supplement group than that of the control. These results indicated that optimal dose of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens administration could increase the intestinal digestive enzyme activity, improve antioxidant ability in juvenile black seabream, and promote their growth performance.

Establishment of Regeneration System Using Sweet Sorghum Seed as Explant

WANG Dong§, WANG Chen§, MA Le, LI Hanxiao, CHEN Jibao*

2017, 19(12):  119-125.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0501

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Sweet sorghum is one of the most advantageous biomass energy crops. In order to improve the transgenic breeding efficiency of sweet sorghum, this paper took the matured sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) seeds as explants, analyzed the factors affecting callus formulation, regeneration in vitro, and established a technology system of using matured sweet sorghum seeds for regeneration in vitro. The results showed that treating sweet sorghum seeds with 0.1% mercuric chloride for 10 min could gain lower pollution rate (20%) and higher germination rate (76.7%). Inoculated the seeds of sweet sorghum variety Yajin 4184 on MSB5 basic medium with concentration of 3.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.3 mg/L 6-BA for 3 weeks could obtain the highest callus induction rate of 81.7%. The highest budding rate was 93.3%, when callus was cultured on B5 medium adding 0.2 mg/L NAA and 1.6 mg/L KT for 4 weeks. The indefinite buds cultured on 1×MS medium with 2.0 mg/L IBA for 3 weeks could reach the maximal rooting rate (96.7%). The establishment of a high frequency and high efficiency system for sweet sorghum regeneration in vitro would provide convenient method for improving sweet sorghum hereditary features and speed up the breeding process of sweet sorghum.