Table of Content

15 November 2017, Volume 19 Issue 11

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Policies Thoughts to Promote Agricultural Science and Technology “Going Out” Along “the Belt and Road”

GUO Jingli§, SHENG Caijiao§, LI Sijing*

2017, 19(11):  1-7.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0211

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Based on the “the Belt and Road” propose, Chinas agricultural science and technology should go out; take structural reformation in agricultural supply side under new economic situation as an opportunity; co-ordinate the multi-market of agricultural products for “the Belt and Road”; integrate the advanced technology and equipment of agricultural science and technology; give full play to the compared advantages in Chinese agricultural science and technology; and actively exploit new field for “the Belt and Road” agricultural science and technology to go out. On the existing work basis, including scientific and technological experiment, demonstration and popularization, etc., this paper analyzed the status quo and characteristics of Chinas agricultural science and technology going out for “the Belt and Road”; combed the problems hindering Chinese agricultural science and technology going global; and put forward countermeasures and suggestions.

Current Situation of Pesticide Residues in China's Agricultural Products and Its Impact on Export Trade

LIU Pengju, MA Yunqian, GUO Yanzhi*

2017, 19(11):  8-14.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0377

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Pesticide residues not only endanger the health of the people, trigger a panic about food safety issues, but also have a strong impact on the export of agricultural products. Therefore, pesticide residues has become a hot topic attracting great concern of the society in the field of food safety in China. This paper analyzed the 3 major hazards of pesticide residues in agricultural products. Based on the comparison between pesticide residue standards of domestic and foreign countries for agricultural products, this paper combed the problems and causes of pesticide residues in China. According to the RASFFs notification for excessive pesticide residues of export food in China over the past 17 years, this paper proposed some policy recommendations as follows: speeding up the perfecting of standard construction, vigorously developing organic biological pesticides, implementing comprehensive prevention and control, strengthening international exchange and cooperation, popularizing the information and knowledge about standard, etc..

Cloning and Expression Analysis of GbWRKY53 in G. barbadense

LI Jing1§, LIU Simin1§, CAI Lijing2, WANG Zhaoyu1, DONG Lijun1,

2017, 19(11):  15-21.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0200

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Verticillium wilt is known as cotton cancer. Identifying of disease resistance gene is the basis for cotton verticillium wilt resistant molecular breeding. WRKY transcription factors play important roles in regulating plant responses to various abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study, a WRKY transcription factor GbWRKY53 was cloned from sea island cotton Pima 90-53 with high resistance to verticillium wilt. Its open reading frame (ORF) was 999 bp, and encoded a putative WRKY group Ⅲ protein with 332 amino acids and contained one conserved WRKY domains and one HXC zinc finger structure. The gene structure analysis showed that GbWRKY53 contained 3 exons and 2 introns. Phylogenetic analysis showed that GbWRKY53 closed to GrWRKY53. The expression of GbWRKY53 gene increased firstly and then decreased, and the expression of 12 h was the highest after Verticillium dahliae treatment. The expression of GbWRKY53 increased significantly after SA induction for 8 h, and maintained at a high level to 24 h. After the induction of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), the expression of GbWRKY53 reached the maximum at 12 h and then decreased. The expression level of GbWRKY53 was significantly lower than that of salicylic acid at the same time. The expression of GbWRKY53 gene was only slightly increased after the induction of ACC. It could be concluded that GbWRKY53 gene involved in the complex plant signaling pathway, and played an important role in cotton stress response to Verticillium dahliae.

Effects of Genotypes and Environments and Their Interactions on Maize Disease, Yield and Quality

DUAN Pengfei1, ZHAO Di2

2017, 19(11):  22-32.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2016.0795

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The formation of disease, yield and quality of maize needs the combination of genetic characteristics and environmental factors. In this study, the effects of genotypes, environment and their interaction on seed yield, disease resistance and quality of maize were investigated using 19 maize varieties. The results showed that seed yield, disease resistance and quality were the synergistic results of both heredity properties and environment factors. The stability of maize quality was not only controlled by genotypes, but also influenced by the interaction between genotype and environment. Genotype was the internal factor which determined differences among varieties in different ecotypes for seed yield, disease resistance and maize quality. The main external factors interacting with genotype were corn growth parameters such as planting time (sowing date and growth stage, etc.) × area characteristics (resources and stress, etc.). Among the external factors, the greatest influence on disease, yield and quality of maize in different ecological zones was annual climate variability. While, the temperature, rainfall, and humidity were meteorological conditions positively correlated with disease (bending spore leaf spot and southern rust). The positive correlation of yield with light had the highest coefficient (0.21). Crude starch was positively correlated with average temperature, and crude fat was positively correlated with light. With decreasing latitude in different ecological zones, rainfall tended to increase after the silking stage, aggravating the disease, and reducing yield.

The Regulatory Effect of RpoN on Flagellar Biosynthesis in Nitrogen-Fixing Pseudomonas stutzeri

LI Yun1, LIU Xiaodong2, LI Qin2, ZHAN Yuhua1, YAN Yongliang1, LU Wei1*

2017, 19(11):  33-41.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0119

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Many bacteria use the alternative sigma factor σ54 (also known as RpoN) to transcribe specific genes, such as nitrogen assimilation genes, C4-dicarboxylate transport genes and flagellar genes. In this study, the global regulator was investigated to explore its regulatory effect on flagellar biosynthesis in Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501. Deletion mutant and complementary strain were constructed in rpoN to analyze phenotypes in flagellar structure, swimming motility, biofilm formation, rhizosphere colonization and relative expression levels of flagellar genes. The results showed that loss of rpoN could cause impaired flagellar structure and swimming motility, 25-and 10-fold decrease in competitive root colonization and biofilm-forming ability, respectively. Moreover, relative expression levels of flagellar genes in rpoN mutant could significantly decrease when compared to the wild-type. In Pseudomonas, Class Ⅱ and Class Ⅲ flagellar genes were RpoN-dependent. And in this work, putative RpoN binding site was observed in fliC, fliA promoter regions, indicating that RpoN in A1501 could also participate in Class I and Class IV genes regulatory networks. These results suggested that RpoN affected flagellar biosynthesis process by participating different flagellar gene transcriptional hierarchy, thus affecting swimming motility, biofilm formation and root colonization in Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501.

Comprehensive Evaluation of New Foxtail Millet Variety Demonstration Effect Based on Osculation Value ——Taking Yugu 18 as A Case

LIU Meng1, ZHAO Yu1, SONG Zhongqiang2, XIA Xueyan1, ZHANG Yang2,

2017, 19(11):  42-48.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0059

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Demonstration of crop new varieties has played an important role in agricultural extension. This paper constructed an evaluation index system of osculation value model by survey data collected during 2015 investigation, and analyzed the production advantages of Yugu 18, local corn and local foxtail millet, so as to evaluate the demonstrative effect of new foxtail millet variety Yugu 18 in various regions. The results showed that the score of Yugu 18 osculating value in 4 regions was the lowest, but it ranked the first among crops from these 4 regions, showing obvious relative advantage. It was the most promising crop with bigger development potential. This conclusion has provided a theoretical support for the planting area expansion of coarse grain Yugu 18 under the current “sickle bay”plan.

Research on Evolution Mechanism of Garlic Industry Information Ecological Chain Under Perspective of Industry Chain Integration

ZOU Jiaqi, DONG Xueyan*

2017, 19(11):  49-58.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0034

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Information management is the basic solution to relieve the market price fluctuations in various industries of China in the era of big data. On the basis of studying the existing information ecological chain, this paper put forward for the first time the concept of garlic industry information ecological chain from the horizontal and vertical integration of industrial chain, and proposed that it was an effective way to optimize the integration path for garlic industry by building an information ecological chain. According to evolutionary game theory and method, the symmetric and asymmetric evolutionary game models of garlic growers, dealers and government regulators were constructed in turn, by analyzing its game evolution process, making value judgments about their evolutionary stable strategy. The study results showed that reducing the costs involved in the information ecological chain, increasing the excess returns of information disclosure, and strengthen the punishment by government supervision department, would accelerate the chain information circulation of garlic industry, promote the efficiency of garlic industry information ecological chain. These results would be of important and practical significance to the healthy development of garlic industry.

Leaf Height Model Construction and 3D Visualization after Green Stage of Winter Wheat

LI Shuqin1,2, ZHU Yeping2*, LIU Hailong2, LI Shijuan2, LIU Shengping2

2017, 19(11):  59-67.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0002

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Crop growth simulation model has important guiding roles in managing crop growth, forecasting crop yield and analyzing economic benefit. The morphological structure model can provide powerful technical support for screening ideal crop plant type, achieving high yield, and efficiently resisting lodging, etc.. Since wheat morphological structure is complex and wheat growth visualization is difficult to realize, this study took wheat varieties Hengguan 35, Jimai 22 and Heng 4399 as experimental materials, and carried out field experiments with different varieties and nitrogen levels in Wuqing district of Tianjin. The height morphological data of wheat leaf were collected, quantitative relationship between leaf height and effective accumulated temperature of various winter wheat varieties were analyzed. Then a simulation model of winter wheat leaf height at different locations was constructed using logistic equation. Simulation model was validated by independent experiment dataset. The results showed that the absolute error was between 0.01~2.82 cm, and RMSE was between 0.32~1.52 cm. It indicated that simulation model had high precision, and this model had better predicting ability for the growth of different winter wheat varieties. With the help of simulation model and existing research findings, this study constructed the plant morphology of different winter wheat varieties under different nitrogen levels, realized the combination of wheat growth simulation model and morphological structure model, and realistically simulated the dynamic growth process of winter wheat. Thus, the growth visualization of different winter wheat varieties under different nitrogen levels was realized.

Design and Test of Cotton-boll Separation and Collection System from Stripper Cotton Harvester

CHEN Changlin, SHI Lei*, ZHANG Yutong, KONG Fanting, XIE Qing,

2017, 19(11):  68-73.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0238

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The cotton mechanized harvesting technologies include once all-harvest technology and multiple part-harvest technology, which has its own characteristics and advantages. With the development of cotton industry and active demand of cotton farmers, China has achieved a series innovative results in cotton harvesting technology, which has been popularized and applied in production practice. In cotton mechanized harvesting procedure, cotton bolls, stalks, leaves and other impurities would be collected at the same time. The collected cotton boll would easily died the unginned cotton by its high moisture content. Thus, the cotton quality was declined. In order to improve separating efficiency, reduce the loss of unginned cotton, and solve the problem of cotton fiber dyeing, 2 kinds of cotton-boll separation device were designed, including air-suction separation device and air-suction separation device. These 2 devices were designed based on their main elementary structures, working principle and differences between suspending velocities of different materials. Simulation analysis of mechanism aerodynamics and test verification were used by ANSYS fluent software. The experimental results showed that air-suction cotton-boll separation device was better than air-sweeping. It could increase the cotton-boll separating rate by over 20%, and reduce the cotton loss rate by 5%. These innovative study achievements in cotton-bolls separation recovery system was not only beneficial for the improvement and enhancement of comprehensive performance in all-harvest cotton-picking technology and equipment, but also was of important significance in promoting sustainable and healthy development of cotton industry in China.

Improvement Effect of Four Flavonoids from Propolis on Insulin Resistance in Vitro

LIANG Xiali, ZHAO Yazhou, ZHANG Hongcheng, PENG Wenjun*

2017, 19(11):  74-80.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0020

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To determine the effect of 4 flavonoids (pinobanksin, galangin, chrysin, pinocembrin) from propolis on improvement of insulin resistance in vitro, this paper induced insulin resistance cell model by high concentration of insulin. Effects of every treatment group on cell proliferation of HepG2, glucose consumption, intracellular glycogen content, hexokinase activity and pyruvate kinase activity were determined. The results showed that different concentrations of flavonoids had no significant effect on proliferation of HepG2 cells under effective concentration(P>005). Chrysin and pinobanksin had little impact on HepG2 cell（P>0.05）. Galangin and pinocembrin could increase glucose consumption, hepatic glycogen content, HK and PK activities of IR-HepG2 cells by different degree（P<005）. These results indicated that galangin and pinocembrin could regulate glucose metabolism of HepG2 cells, and improve hepatic insulin resistance. Thus, this study provided reference for in-depth development of propolis products.

Research Progress on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization and Its Influence Factors in the Water Level Fluctuation Zone of Three Gorges Reservoir

LIU Zhimei1, WU Shengjun1*, LIANG Zhen2*, HUANG Ping1, WANG Xiaoxiao1

2017, 19(11):  81-91.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0027

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The water level fluctuation zone (WFLZ) in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) undergoes an annually cyclic inundation and exposure due to the TGR operation, forming an unique dry and wet environments. The special environment leads to unique effect on soil nitrogen mineralization in the WLFZ. The paper summarized soil nitrogen mineralization characteristics under the condition of dry-wet cycle, and analyzed the main influence factors including soil physical and chemistry property, biological factors and exogenous organic matter. The paper suggested to carry out through studies on the following key points: enhancing field in-situ monitor; analyzing space-time characteristics of different soil types at nitrogen mineralization on different WLFZ; revealing influential mechanism on soil nitrogen mineralization and nitrogen transform process.

Physiological Response and Subcellular Distribution in Different Tea Plants Under Pb Stress

YE Jianghua1,2, JIA Xiaoli1,3, CHEN Xiaoting3,4, LIN Shunxian4,

2017, 19(11):  92-99.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0190

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In order to analyze physiological response to Pb stress and Pb distribution characteristics in subcellula tissues of different tea plants, this paper did research taking Tieguanyin and Rougui as materials by pot planting method, so as to provide theoretical basis for studying toxicity mechanism of heavy metal to tea plants and for self-defense of tea plants. The results showed that activities of leaf blade superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase (CAT) declined with the increase of Pb concentration, and the tolerance of Rougui to Pb stress was higher than that of Tieguanyin. There was no significant differences between the total Pb contents in subcellula tissues of the 2 tea plants under the same concentration of Pb stress. In addition, Tieguanyin increased Pb2+ propertion in cytosol and organelles to reduce Pb2+ toxicity, while Rougui mainly improved binding ratio of Pb2+. Therefore, there was different detoxification patterns for different tea plants under Pb stress.

Effects of Different Treatments on Economic Characters and Chemical Coordination of Flue Cured Tobacco

JIANG Shidong1,2, ZHOU Jiheng1, LI Qiang1*, HE Xiaobing3, CHENG Changxin4,

2017, 19(11):  100-107.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0012

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A field experiment was conducted to study the effects planting density, leaf number and reducing nitrogen on flue-cured tobacco economic characters, physical characteristics and chemical composition. The results showed that applying nitrogen fertilizer at 60 kg/hm2 under high density and low leaf number could increase the output value (013%) by a small margin, but significantly improve the proportion of superior tobacco (11.62%) and the average price (2.38 yuan/kg). In medium density and medium leaf number applying 75 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer could significantly increase the leaf length, leaf width, leaf open degree, and single leaf weight, while there was no significant change in stem ratio. Under high density and low leaf number, applying 60 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer could make no remarkable differences between leaf length, width and open degree and low density and high leave number, but the stem ratio was significantly lower than that of low density and high leaf number. Therefore, the physical properties of both treatments were superior to that of low density and high leaf number treatment. Under these 3 production structures, reducing nitrogen fertilizer application by 15 kg/hm2 could significantly improve chemical components coordination. Under high density (19 500 plants/hm2）and low leaf number(15 piece/plant) applying 60 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer could improve the comprehensive score by 4.59. Therefore, in high nitrogen soil, increasing planting density, reducing leaf number per plant coordinately with reducing nitrogen fertilizer could increase tobacco production value, fine tobacco ratio and average price, and also improve the coordination of tobacco chemical composition. These results have provided new idea for the optimization of flue-cured tobacco grade structure.

Effect of Available Nitrogen and Available Potassium Concentration, and Their Interaction on the Potassium Content in Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves

WANG Yahong1, LU Xiuping2, XU Zicheng1*, XIE Yan3, GAO Sen1,

2017, 19(11):  108-116.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0163

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Taking Luopin tobacco-growing area in Qujing city as basis, this paper analyzed the effect of soil available nitrogen, available potassium and their interaction on the potassium content in flue-cured tobacco leaves. The results indicated that: ① the soil available nitrogen content in Luopin tobacco-growing area was higher, and 56.13% of the soil sample were at a high level(>150 mg/kg). Soil available potassium content was rich, but the coefficient of variation was larger(49.22%). The potassium content in flue-cured tobacco leaves was appropriate, and about 77.61% tobacco samples reached the potassium levels of Brazil high quality flue-cured tobacco. ② Along with the increasing of soil available nitrogen content, the potassium content in flue-cured tobacco leaves increased first and then decreased. The potassium content(y) in flue-cured tobacco leaves was positively correlated (P<0.05) with soil available potassium content(x). And the regression equation, y=0.000 4 x+1.885, reaching a significant difference. ③ The variance analysis results showed that the effect of interaction between N and K on the potassium content in flue-cured tobacco leaves reached extreme significant difference at P<0.01 level. When the soil basic fertility was at low nitrogen and medium nitrogen level, the potassium content in flue-cured tobacco leaves was positively correlated with soil potassium level. When the soil basic fertility was at high nitrogen level, the correlation were negative. Among 9 soil nitrogen and potassium interaction groups, medium nitrogen and high potassium（N2K3）group could produce flue-cured tobacco leaves with the highest potassium content.

Evaluation of Carbon Sinks in Freshwater Fisheries ——A Case Research on the Sample Production Survey Data of Zhejiang Province

YUE Dongdong, WANG Lumin*, FANG Hai, WANG Qian, XIAO Li,

2017, 19(11):  117-124.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0113

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Under the positive development of low-carbon economy, biological carbon sink has become an important way and substance of low-carbon development, and freshwater fisheries is a vital part of aquatic biological carbon sink. This paper surveyed 30 freshwater fishing vessels of production and species in Pinghu City, Fuyang District and Wuxing District of Zhejiang Province in September 2016, and evaluated the carbon sink by trophic level method. The results showed that the total catch was 117 557 kg, the proportion of fish, shrimp and snail was 92.87%, 0.89% and 6.23%, respectively, and the production had distinct regional characteristics. The total carbon sinks were 909.82 t, and the carbon sequenstration of fish, shrimp and snail were 874.40 t (96.11%), 4.07 t (0.45%) and 31.35 t (3.45%), respectively. Compared with the carbon content evaluation method, the results of the trophic level method was increased by 893.68 t. There were remarkable differences between the results of different evaluation methods. Before ending, the paper put forward suggestions of carrying out studies on carbon sinks evaluation method, and analysis on carbon balance, so as to provide references for evaluating carbon sequenstration of freshwater fisheries.

Comparison of 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic Acid Method and Enzymatic Method in the Determination of Sugar and Sucrose Content in Sweet Corn

YANG Quannv, ZHOU Quanju, WU Songjian, WANG Yunbo*,

2017, 19(11):  125-131.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0243

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3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method and enzymatic method are the general protocols in measuring the reducing sugar and sucrose contents in sweet corn. This study compared the 2 methods in breeding of sweet corn. The results showed that the measurement accuracy of enzymatic method was higher than that of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method. The reproducibility and stability of enzymatic method were better than those of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method. After measuring the contents of reducing sugar and sucrose of 10 sweet corn hybrid seeds by these 2 methods, it was confirmed that both 2 methods had consistent measurement results. From the breeding practice, enzymatic method was suitable for small quantity samples, while 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method was more suitable for measuring large number of samples.

Study on Extraction Technology of Taurine from Scapharca broughtonii

JI Lei, LIU Tianhong, WANG Ying*, LI Xiao, LI Hongyan, JIANG Xiaodong, SUN Yuanqin

2017, 19(11):  132-138.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0117

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With the development of Scapharca broughtonii breeding scale, a large number of viscera byproducts were produced. In order to comprehensively utilize these byproducts, this study took Scapharca broughtonii as raw material, confirmed the taurine extraction process condition by ethanol refluxing through single factor and orthogonal test，and measured its content by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The optimal extraction conditions were: solid-liquid ratio 1 g∶12 mL, ethanol concentration 75%, extraction time 50 min, temperature 70℃, the extraction amount 5.36 mg/g. The taurine was in the range of 5.0~20.0 μg/mL with good linear correlation, the correlation coefficient R2=0.999 7, the recoveries were 89.27%~97.27% and the RSD was 1.83%, which indicated that HPLC had determined the taurine content in aquatic products with high accuracy and good reproducibility. The taurine extraction content was 6.29 mg/g, which was the highest in viscera of Scapharca broughtonii, foot took second place, blood was the lowest. These results suggested that the taurine content in Scapharca broughtonii was rich and varied in different tissues. This study opened up a new way for the development and utilization of Scapharca broughtonii.