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Table of Content

    15 March 2019, Volume 21 Issue 3
    Analysis on the Development Trends of Microbial Fertilizer Research Based on the Web of Science Database
    TIAN Jia1, LU Pengpeng1, SUN Chao1, WU Xiaojie1, LI Fei1, QI Fan2,3*
    2019, 21(3):  1-12.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0355
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    Microbial fertilizer research is one of the hot fields of fertilizer industry. In order to clarify the current research status of microbial fertilizer field in the world, this paper conducted bibliometric analysis and statistics on the microbial fertilizers papers from 1900 to 2018 through the Web of Science Database to explore the current research status, research focus and development trend of microbial fertilizer field. The results showed that: papers on microbial fertilizer had been increasing gradually since 1990s, and the research on microbial fertilizer stepped into a period of comprehensive development from 2003. The top five countries researching on microbial fertilizer were the United States, China, India, Germany and the UK. The Chinese Academic of Sciences, CSIC, INRA, CNRS, etc. were the main research organizations. The developed countries such as the United States showed the stronger research level than developing countries like China and India, but there was a trend of more devoting to research in developing country. The main subjects on microbial fertilizer contained agriculture, environmental science & ecology, plant science, microbiology and so on. The environmental science and agriculture would be the main subjects with the trend of interdisciplinary research in the future. The main research topic was still on the nitrogen fixation, biodegradation and bioremediation, promoting growth, etc., but biodegradation and bioremediation, decomposed organic matter, improving the soil ecological environment and enhancing the crops resistance would become rapid growthing hot topics in the future research area. These results provided important insights to the development of microbial fertilizer and some reference for decision-making of government.
    Research Progress on Precision Application Technology of Biological Control
    WU Xiaoqing1, ZHAO Xiaoyan1, XU Yuanzhang2, WANG Jianing1, ZHOU Fangyuan1, ZHOU Hongzi1, ZHANG Guangzhi1, XIE Xueying1, YAN Kun3, ZHANG Xinjian1*
    2019, 21(3):  13-21.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0292
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    In order to reduce the harm caused by chemical pesticide abuse, precision application technology and related plant protection machinery have developed rapidly, realized the reduction and increase efficiency of chemical pesticides, and improved the utilization rate of chemical pesticides. However, in the field of biological control, especially in disease prevention measures using living creature, studies on R & D of precise pesticide application technology are relatively lagging behind, which has increased the difficulties in extension and application of biological pesticides to the market. In order to better understand the current research status on precise pesticide application technology for biological control, this paper discussed the following aspects, including the present situation of precise pesticide application technology in plant protection machinery, precise application technology of plant pest biological control, plant disease biological control and weed biological control. The paper also prospected the future of precise pesticide application technology in biological control, aiming at providing thought for more precise and high effective application technology in biological control.
    Research Progress on Structure, Function and Regulation of Plant Protein Kinase GCN2
    GUO Hao, LONG Yue, ZHAO Qi, LI Ning, HAO Yingchen, ZHANG Songjie, ZHANG Songtao*
    2019, 21(3):  22-27.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0127
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    The efficiency of plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses directly affects the growth and development of plants. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins play important roles in plant environment stress response. In the process of eukaryotic protein translation initiation, protein kinase GCN2 could phosphorylate eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF2α and down-regulate the protein synthesis to response to different stresses. In plants, GCN2 is phosphorylated by eIF2α to inhibit the synthesis of proteins, thereby activating the plant autoimmune defense to respond to various stresses. This paper reviewed the progress of GCN2 from the structure, new function, and the regulation mechanism in plants, in order to provide reference for revealing plant GCN2-mediated stress response mechanism.
    Obtaining and Identification of a Novel Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line From Maize
    WANG Jie1,2, ZHAO Yang1*, WANG Lei2*
    2019, 21(3):  28-33.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0504
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    Cytoplasm male sterility (CMS) has widely been applied in agricultural breeding. Maize CMS lines have already played and will be continuously playing an indispensable and important role in new maize variety breeding and maize industrialization. This study discovered a cytoplasmic male-sterile line named CF3 developed by crossing of 2 maize inbred lines C7-2 and PH4CV. Furthermore, the derived sterile line CZ58 was obtained. Phenotype investigation and cytolog observation showed that the anthers of CMS lines, CF3 and CZ58 were not exposed. CF3 and CZ58 could generate a little bits of pollens. However, their pollen presented irregular translucent, and had no activity. Results of both PCR and sequencing showed that CF3 and CZ58 were novel CMS-S types. Genetics analysis suggested that the tassel presented clear infertility and stability. CF3 and CZ58 could be restored by various inbred lines, indicating that CF3 was a new S type cytoplasmic male-sterile line. CF3 and its derived line CZ58 had better applying potential in maize cross breeding and extension.
    Principal Component and Cluster Analysis of the Main Agronomic Characters of Ramie Germplasm
    LI Linlin1, HUANG Minsheng1, CUI Guoxian1,2*, BAI Yuchao1,3, LI Xueling1, LIU Nannan1, CUI Dandan1, SU Xiaohui1, WANG Jilong1
    2019, 21(3):  34-41.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0337
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    The 7 agronomic characters of 94 ramie germplasm from China were investigated through principal component analysis and cluster analysis in order to identify the diversity of ramie germplasm and find the benefit genes. The results of principal components analysis showed that the 7 traits were simplified into 4 principal components (over 90.35% accumulated contribution). The first principal component was given priority to plant height, stem diameter, effective strain rate. The coefficients of the second principal component were all positive, which could be regarded as the comprehensive reflection of the agronomic characters of ramie germplasm. The third principal component was given priority to single stump points number and total number. The fourth principal component was given priority to the influence of the effective strain rate. Using system clustering analysis, 94 ramie varieties were clustered into three categories at the genetic distance 3.79, including high plant and thin stem, short plant and thick stem, and a special type. In this study, the agronomic traits of ramie germplasm resources were simplified into 4 principal component factors, and 94 ramie varieties were divided into three categories, which provided a reference for the breeding of high quality ramie varieties and their multi-functional application.
    Construction and Analysis of Gene Regulatory Network in Dysfunctional CD8+ T Cells
    HAN Pengyong1,2, TA Na1, BAO Luri1, YU Haiquan1*
    2019, 21(3):  42-47.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0137
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    Disease is a major threat to livestock and poultry health worldwide. Identifying key genes related to disease resistance has become a research hotpot in molecular breeding of disease resistance. To better understand the response mechanism of dysfunctional CD8+ T cell to immune therapy treatment, the gene regulatory network was constructed for the dysfunctional CD8+ T cells under PD1, IgG antibody treatments. There were 28, 17, 33 genes being identified in control, IgG and PD1 antibody treatment groups, respectively. Two transcription factors of Zfx and Zfhx3 expressed silencing under treatments of both IgG and PD1. The surface receptor of Raet1b expressed increasingly under treatment of PD1, which might recover dysfunctional CD8+ T cells. This research provided theoretical basis for gene exploring related to disease resistance breeding.
    Mechanism of Early Growth Arrests of Hansenula anomala in Mixed Culture with Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    ZENG Chaozhen, KANG Sanjiang*, ZHANG Jihong, ZHANG Fang, ZHANG Haiyan, YUAN Jing
    2019, 21(3):  48-53.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0427
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    In order to reveal the characteristics and mechanism of early death of Hansenula anomala, this paper established a mixed fermentation system for Saccharomyces cerevisiae and H. anomala; and studied the effects of acids produced by S. cerevisiae, aerobic fermentation, mixed-culture in fresh medium without oxygen, mixed-culture supernatant, viable or dead S. cerevisiae cells on the growth of H. anomala. The results showed that the growth of H. anomala was inhibited by acid produced by yeast. In the fermentation treatments of aerobic mixed bacteria and anaerobic add fresh medium, the viable counts of H. anomala were all higher than that of anaerobic mixture fermentation; while the viable count of H. anomala in mixed-culture supernatant was lower after adding fresh medium. The presence of viable S. cerevisiae cells at high concentrations could cause the early death of H. anomala, while the dead S. cerevisiae cells had no inhibition effect on H. anomala. Therefore, the early death of H. anomala was due either to the acids produced by S. cerevisiae and nutrition competition during wine fermentation, or to growth-inhibitory compounds produced by S. cerevisiae and viable S. cerevisiae cells at high concentration. These results were very helpful for thorough understanding of why H. anomala died before S. cerevisiae during wine fermentation.
    Inhibiton of Bifidobacterium longum on the Growth of Clostridium perfringens with Epilactose as a Carbon Source
    WEI Chenyang, PENG Qing, QIAO Yu, XU Xiaoqing, ZHANG Yuwei, XIE Jingjing, WANG Kaiqiang, TIAN Dandan, ZHANG Pengbo, SHI Bo*
    2019, 21(3):  54-61.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0539
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    Clostridium perfringens is a common pathogen in human, livestock and poultry, which can cause acute food poisoning, chronic intestinal infection in human or necrotizing enteritis in animals. It seriously endangers human health and the development of livestock and poultry breeding. In this paper, the effects of the specific carbon sources such as epilactose and its isomers lactose and lactulose were studied by the single-strain culture of Bifidobacterium longum and the co-culture of B. longum and C. perfringens. The results showed that B. longum could grow well in mTPY medium with epilactose as a carbon source and showed a similar growth trend as lactose. In addition, B. longum could significantly inhibit the growth of C. perfringens in a co-culture system, and the viability of B. longum in the epilactose medium was significantly better than that in lactose and lactulose ones. Moreover, an oxford cup test was also applied to measure the antibacterial effect of B. longum on C. perfringens, showing that the culture supernatant of B. longum had a good antibacterial activity against C. perfringens. These results provided theoretical reference for the inhibition of C. perfringens by B. longum, and also provide important guidance for further study of epilactose and its regulation mechanism.
    Combined Effect of Trifloxysulfuron Sodium and Prometryn and Screening of Mixed Formulation
    ZHAO Qiang, ZHANG Te, MAIMAITI Azeremu
    2019, 21(3):  62-68.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0200
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    In order to screen high efficient and safe post-emergence herbicide mixed formulations for the multiplicity weeds in cotton fields of Xinjiang, this paper determined the activity of trifloxysulfuron sodium and prometryn on the weeds and safety of cotton plant under field test condition, and evaluated the combined effect of these 2 types by Gowing method. The results showed that the control effect of plant number and fresh weight of tested weeds after applying mixed herbicide were higher than just by single agent. The range of plant number control efficiency and fresh weight growth rate were -3.24%~4.53%, -5.86%~3.11%, respectively. 30 d after application, the control effect of single applying trifloxysulfuron sodium 15 g/hm2 was the lowest, only 70.82%. The control effect of the single applying prometryne 150 g/hm2 on fresh weight was lower, only 79.21%. In the compounding treatment, the control effects of trifloxysulfuron sodium 15 g/hm2+ prometryn 150 g/hm2 were higher, 99.05% and 96.09%, respectively, and the growth rates were the highest, 4.53% and 3.11%, respectively. The treatment of single applying trifloxysulfuron sodium was safe for cotton plants, showing a significant difference with the other treatments. The phytotoxicity index of prometryn 250 g/hm2 was 47.53%, resulting in chlorosis of leaves and bringing a greater damage to cotton plants. Considering the herbicidal activity and cotton plant safety, the combination of trifloxysulfuron sodium 15 g/hm2 + prometryn 150 g/hm2 had good performance and could be used as an efficient and safe herbicide compounding combination in cotton fields of northern Xinjiang.
    Multi-objective Optimization of the Biomass Densification Process Based on Mixed-level Orthogonal Array Design
    XIA Xianfei1, XIAO Hongru1*, XIAO Suwei1, LI Bo2, LI Guoping2
    2019, 21(3):  69-75.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0121
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    Biomass is an important renewable energy resource. The preparation of solid biomass briquette fuel by rotary extrusion has the advantages of simple process and high productivity, but there are still some problems in the application of this technology, such as high energy consumption of equipment and unstable quality of products. Taking the biomass spinning molding equipment with forced feeding system as research object, this study analyzed the influence of feed frequency, wheel speed, ratio of mold length to diameter, proportion of bacteria residue and raw material moisture content on productivity of the densification device, energy consumption and product density using mixed horizontal orthogonal testusing and carried out the optimization of multi-objective evaluation. Results showed that all the experimental factors had significant impact on productivity of the densification device, energy consumption and product density. But the optimal combination of different evaluation index was not consistent. The optimal combination of multi-objective optimization result was feed frequency 60 Hz, wheel speed 65 r/min, ratio of mold length to diameter 6, proportion of bacteria residue 5% and raw material moisture content 10%. Testing results indicated that productivity of this combination was 5.2 t/h, energy consumption was 38.5 kW·h/t, and the product density was 0.84 g/cm3.
    Velocity and Pressure Analysis of Particles in the Ring-die Extrusion Moulding Machine
    LI Zhen, LIU Peng, GAO Yuhang
    2019, 21(3):  76-84.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0044
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    Ring molding machine is the main equipment of biomass compression molding machine. Its internal material movement characteristics is not easy to be measured due to its complexity. This paper studied the movement velocity and pressure of crushed salix twig particles inside of ring moulding machine. Based on the theory of rheology, the paper established a velocity equation for the material in the wedge area of the machine, simulated its plastic flow with software Fluent, and used dynamic grid technique & UDF to move the ring die and press roll in the simulation. Then the velocity vector, velocity and pressure color nephogram of the particles in the wedge area were obtained. The former was used to analyze material movement direction in this area. By changing the minimum clearance, diameter ratio of the ring die & press roller and die orifice diameter, the latter obtained different color nephogram, which was used to analyze the movement velocity, pressure distribution and influence on material forming process. Through comparison, it was found when the ring moulding machine, minimum clearance was 2.0 mm, diameter of die orifice was 10 mm, and diameter ratio of the ring die & press roller was 2.25, the compact molding effect and efficiency of the salix twig particles were better. The above results provided theoretical support and method reference for studying movement characteristics of the other biomass material in the wedge area of ring moulding machine.
    Analysis of Pesticide In-line-mixing Uniformity Based on Image Processing Technology
    CHEN Junyang, ZHANG Min, XU Youlin*
    2019, 21(3):  85-93.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0125
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    Pesticide spraying is an effective way to control pest damage and increase crop yields. Because of the behindhand pesticide spraying technology, the problems of pesticides wast and environmental pollution are getting worse and worse. In order to improve the use efficiency of pesticide, it is worthwhile to study the mixing uniformity of pesticide online. Because there were remarkable differences between water and pesticides containing fluorescent substance, image processing technology was adopted to analyze the uniformity of pesticide on-line-mixing. In this study, an online mixed image collection system for pesticides was set up. The image with maximum percentage of pesticides area in the ROI (region of interest) was chosen after subtraction preprocessing of all acquired images, then the axial and radial pixel analysis method and RMSE statistic were used to quantify the uniformity index. Additionally, the data analysis software was written by Matlab, and the mixing uniformity of 3 different kinds of pesticide were analyzed. The RMSE percentage (β) of water-soluble pesticides was 13.389%, which was higher than 9.280% of emulsified pesticides and 9.996% of liposoluble pesticides, indicating that the mixing uniformity of water-soluble pesticides was better than that of emulsified and liposoluble pesticides. Experiments on 7 groups with finit concentration but different quantity of flow were carried out data processing on liposoluble pesticide images. When the flow rate decreased from 1 390 mL/min to 880 mL/min, the RMSE percentage dropped from 11.029% to 8.737%, and uniformity became worse gradually. The results revealed that image processing technology was feasible for analyzing uniformity of pesticide on-line-mixing. It could be easily and intuitively adopted to analyze the influence of chemical mixer structure and performance parameters on mixing effect, thus laying a foundation for pesticide on-line-mixing image processing, and quantitative analysis of pesticide on-line-mixing effect.
    Advances in Livestock Behavior Monitoring Based on Accelerometermotion Sensor
    GUO Leifeng1, WANG Wensheng1*, Paul KWAN2, Mitchell WELCH2, David PAUL2, CHEN Guipeng1, XU Beibei1
    2019, 21(3):  94-101.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0122
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    Accelerometer motion sensor is widely used in animal behavior monitoring, which is an important direction of precision breeding research. This paper summarized the research of accelerometer motion sensor in animal behavior classification, introduced the wearable position of the accelerometer motion sensor on the animal body and compared the difference of its wearing in the legs and neck. The process of livestock behavior classification based on accelerometer motion sensor was discussed in detail, including the determination of sampling time window, feature vector extraction and classification algorithm construction. Automatic behavior classification was the preliminary and foundation for automatic monitoring and precision management of livestock. In the future, key technologies such as classification model construction, multi-sensor fusion and real-time data processing should be further broken through.
    Effects of Drip Irrigation Under Plastic Film and Bio-Organic Fertilizer on Soil Salinity and Cotton Yield
    ZHAO Jingwen, ZHANG Qingwei, LI Zheng, ZHANG Wentai*
    2019, 21(3):  102-108.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0437
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    This paper studied the effects of applying bio-organic fertilizer combined with different kinds of chemical fertilizer on dry matter, yield, economic benefit of cotton and soil salt content by field experiment of drip irrigation under water and fertilizer integrated film. There were 5 treatments in the test: no fertilization (CK), conventional chemical fertilizer, fertilizer specially for drip irrigation, conventional chemical fertilizer + bio-organic fertilizer, and fertilizer specially for drip irrigation + bio-organic fertilizer. The results showed that the number of bolls per plant, single boll weight and yield of fertilizer specially for drip irrigation + bio-organic fertilizer treatment were increased by 5.0%, 1.2% and 6.3%, respectively, compared with the treatment of applying fertilizer specially for drip irrigation. The yield of conventional chemical fertilizer + bio-organic fertilizer treatment was 7.7% higher than that of the conventional chemical fertilizer treatment. Soil pH of adding bio-organic fertilizer treatments were lower than that of treatment without using bio-organic fertilizer. At 0~20 cm soil layer, the soil conductivity for sampling site 0 cm away from the drop point was lower than that of 30 cm away from the drop point. The drip irrigation could inhibit surface soil salinity. Combined application of biological organic fertilizer could effectively increase the number of bolls per plant, single boll weight and yield, and adjust soil pH, but could not control the soil salinity effectively. From the perspective of economic benefit maximization, the best fertilization model was conventional chemical fertilizer + bio-organic fertilizer. This study could offer references for integrated application of water, chemical fertilizer, and bio-organic fertilizer under film in cotton field of Northern Xinjiang.
    Water Requirement Rule of Tomato in Glasshouse Under Rock Wool Nutrient Solution Cultivation System
    SHANG Chao1,2, XU Fan2,3, HAN Yingyan1, GUO Wenzhong2,3*
    2019, 21(3):  109-117.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0540
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    Taking tomato variety “Ouguan” as test material, this paper analyzed the daily variation rule of water consumption and tomato daily water consumption in glasshouse under rock wool nutrient solution cultivation system and typical weather conditions in different growth periods; and carried out correlation analysis on environmental factors and tomato water consumption in greenhouse. The results showed that at noon(around 14:00) greenhouse tomato would take a midday rest when tomato water consumption rate showed a bimodal curve; but the exorbitant temperature inside of greenhouse and too strong light would stop tomato plant lunch break, and water consumption would maintain at a high level. The tomato water consumption had a significant correlation with indoor temperature and light in the greenhouse. The changing rule of water consumption was consistent with the trend of light changing rule in the greenhouse, but it had certain hysteresis quality. Above results provided guidance for high-frequency precise irrigation of greenhouse rock-cultivated tomato and also reference data for automatic greenhouse tomato irrigation.
    Effect of Prohydrojasmon on Coloration and Quality of the ‘Jumeigui’ Grape Berry
    MA Wenyao1,2, CHENG Dawei2, HUANG Haina2, CHEN Jinyong2*, YANG Yingjun1*
    2019, 21(3):  118-125.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0530
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    In order to reveal the effect of prohydrojasmon (PDJ) on the coloration and quality of grape berry, this paper took ‘Jumeigui’ grape as experimental material and smeared ‘Jumeigui’ grape spike stalks with different concentrations (T1:500 mg/L, T2:1 000 mg/L, T3:1 500 mg/L) of PDJ, respectively, during the early stage of veraison, and periodically determined the contents of anthocyanin, chlorophyll, soluble sugar, and analyzed the changes in indexes of soluble solid matter, titratable acid and single fruit weight, etc.. The results showed that grape skin treated with PDJ of different concentrations could remarkably increase anthocyanin content, reduce chlorophyll content, thus promote the fruit coloring. PDJ treatment was benefit for upgrading the fruit color index (CIRG) value, while had no influence on the L* ( fruit surface light brightness) value. PDJ treatment of different concentrations could also significantly increase fruit soluble solids contents and improve fruit quality. In conclusion, all 3 different PDJ treatments could improve coloration and quality of ‘Jumeigui’ grape berry. The effect of 1 000 mg/L PDJ treatment had the best effect. These results provided theoretical basis for rationally applying PDJ to improve coloration and quality of grape.
    Influence of Harvesting Time on Key Enzyme Activity in Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism and Chemical Composition of Cigars
    LI Yifan, ZHAO Songchao, LIU Boyuan, ZHAO Mingqin*
    2019, 21(3):  126-132.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0630
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    In order to explore the production conditions of good quality cigars, and understand the physiological and biochemical changing rules of cigars harvested at different time, and determine the appropriate harvesting time and maturity degree of cigars, this paper studied the changing rules of key enzymes activity in carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and chemical composition of cigar leaves harvested at different times by field experiments. The results showed that the activity of nitrate reductase in the middle leaves decreased gradually along with the postpone of harvesting time, while the upper leaves increased first then decreased. The activity of amylase in the middle and upper leaves decreased first then increased with the postpone of harvesting time. The contents of total nitrogen, total sugar, reducing sugar and starch in the middle and upper leaves increased first then decreased with the postpone of harvesting time. The decrease in contents of total sugar, reducing sugar and starch in the upper leaves at 45~50 d after topping was not remarkable. The chemical contents in the middle leaves at 35~40 d after topping were significantly decreased. Therefore, it was suggested that the middle leaves of cigar should be harvested at 35 d after topping, and upper leaves should be harvested at 45~50 d after topping. These research findings provided theoretical basis for harvesting cigar timely in Wuzhishan, Hainan province.
    Effect of Exogenous Silicon and Salicylic Acid on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Tobacco Seedlings Under Cadmium Stress
    ZHANG Xiao1, ZHANG Huanwei1, CHEN Biao1, WANG Kaiyue1, ZHOU Zifang2, SHAO Huifang1, XU Zicheng1, HUANG Wuxing1*
    2019, 21(3):  133-140.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0283
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    In order to explore the synergistic effect of exogenous silicon and salicylic acid on alleviating cadmium toxicity in tobacco seedlings, this paper took tobacco variety NC89 as experimental material and studied the effect of single exogenous silicon, salicylic acid treatment and their compound treatment by hydroponics on biomass, cadmium accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity, chlorophy Ⅱ content and photosynthetic characteristics of tobacco seedlings under 100 μmol/L cadmium stress. The results showed that single exogenous silicon, salicylic acid treatment and their combined treatment could promote tobacco seedling growth, reduce cadmium accumulation and improve photosynthetic characteristics. Among them, the effect of combined treatment was the best, because the biomass of root, stem and leaf, Pn, Tr and WUE of leaf were significantly increased than those from cadmium stress treatment by 186.01%, 122.08%, 125.02%, 326.39%, 200% and 527.88%, respectively. While, the cadmium accumulation of root, stem and leaf, and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were significantly reduced by 90.01%, 87.25%, 90.91% and 59.85%, respectively. Although compound treatment was effective in enhancing antioxidant capacity and chlorophyⅡ content of tobacco seedlings, single salicylic acid treatment had the best effect. Under single salicylic acid treatment, the content of MDA, activity of SOD, POD and CAT activities were decreased significantly by 41.21%, 31.36%, 32.37% and 22.55% than those under cadmium stress treatment. In addition, the contents of chlorophy Ⅱ a, chlorophy Ⅱ b and carotenoids increased significantly by 80.08%, 132.53% and 165.73%, respectively. In general, the combined use of exogenous silicon and salicylic acid could effectively relieve cadmium toxicity, reduce cadmium accumulation, increase biomass and improve photosynthetic capacity.
    Influence of Potassium Deficiency on Nitrogen Absorption and Assimilation in Flue-cured Tobacco
    DU Yuhai1, SUN Zhiwei2, WANG Xiaolin2, HE Zhongqiu2, ZHANG Shuo2,3, YAN Huifeng2*
    2019, 21(3):  141-145.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0532
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    In order to investigate the relationship between potassium nutrition and nitrogen absorption and assimilation ability of flue-cured tobacco, and make clear the possible pathway of interaction between potassium nutrition and nitrogen assimilation, so as to provide a theoretical basis for rational application of potassium fertilizer, this paper took flue-cured tobacco K326 as experimental material, and analyzed the changing of nitrogen and dry matter accumulation in different plant organs, root morphology, root NO-3 absorption rate and root nitrate reductase (NR) activity after potassium deficiency under nutrient solution culture condition. The result showed that dry matter accumulation in stems and leaves decreased significantly under potassium deficiency condition, but there was no significant change in dry matter accumulation of root system. Potassium deficiency shortened the total root length, and reduced root surface area and root volume, but the average root diameter did not change much. Potassium deficiency brought down the nitrogen accumulation in stems and leaves, increased the N allocation rate in root system and decreased the N allocation rate in stems. Potassium deficiency increased the root NO-3 absorption rate, thus the NR activity in root system was significantly increased. In conclusion, the main reason for the decrease of nitrogen accumulation in flue-cured tobacco under potassium deficiency is that the reducing of plant nitrogen demand due to the decrease dry matter accumulation.
    Effect of Drought Stress and Rehydration on Physiological Characteristics of Foxtail Millet Seedlings
    QIN Ling, CHEN Erying, YANG Yanbing, ZHANG Yanting, KONG Qinghua, ZHANG Huawen, WANG Hailian, WANG Runfeng, GUAN Yanan*
    2019, 21(3):  146-151.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0111
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    In order to investigate the physiological basis of variable drought tolerance in different genotypes of foxtail millet \[Setaria italica (L.) Beauv\], this paper took drought tolerant variety (Jigu 16) and drought sensitive variety (Lugu 1) as materials, and conducted pot-culture under rainproof shed experiment to study the effects of drought stress and rehydration on foxtail millet morphological characters, leaf water content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT). The results indicated that along with the decreasing of soil moisture content, leaf of Lugu 1 fristly showed yellow spots then began to wilt. Drought stress made the moisture contents in leaf of 2 varieties dropped down. After rehydration, Jigu 16 rapidly recovered to the initial level compared with Lugu 1. The MDA contents in both varieties showed a significant increase after exposed to drought stress. But Lugu 1 accumulated more MDA than Jigu 16 during the entire process. The enzymatic activities of SOD, POD and CAT in 2 varieties were elevated as the drought stress progressed. The increasing range of SOD activity in Jigu 16 was higher than that of Lugu 1, but there was no significant differences between them. The POD activity of Lugu 1 showed a tendency of first increase then decrease. The CAT activity slightly increased during the entire drought stress process. There were differences in morphological characters and physiological indexes of different drought tolerant varieties. It was these differences that brought about the different drought tolerance to foxtail millet varieties with different genotypes.
    Optimization of Submerged Fermentation Medium of Agaricus blazei Murrill for Mycelial Biomass Accumulation Using Response Surface Methodology
    WU Qi1,2,3§, ZHANG Yuhui1,2§, SU Rongrong1,2, SUN Bo1,3, WU Qiuyun1,2, XIA Zhilan1,2*
    2019, 21(3):  152-160.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0456
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    In order to optimize the liquid fermentation culture of Agaricus blazei Murrill, based on single-factor experiment, taking usage of SMS extract of Pleurotus eryngii (referred to SMS) (A), yeast extract (B) and corn starch (C) as effect factors and mycelial dry weight (Y) as response value, this paper studied the parameters of liquid fermentation culture of Agaricus blazei Murrill and their interaction by 3 factors and 3 levels Box-Behnken designation combined with respond surface methodology. The results showed that parameters A, B, C and the interaction of AC on mycelial dry weight was extremely significant. The optimum composition for liquid fermentation culture were SMS (153.54 g/L), yeast extract (9.74 g/L) and corn starch (30.51 g/L). The maximum biomass of mycelial reached 1.785 g/100 mL, which was very close to the model predictive value ( 1.796 g/100 mL), and the relative error value was only 0.62%.
    Development of Farmland Drainage Technology to Control Saline-land in Xinjiang
    HENG Tong, WANG Zhenhua, ZHANG Jinzhu *, LI Wenhao
    2019, 21(3):  161-169.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0158
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    Farmland drainage technology is one of the important ways to solve soil salinization. In recent years, due to the rational agricultural water-saving technology and management concepts, great achievements have been made in arable land reformation. The underground water level was dropped down year by year. The rapid development of oasis agriculture made people pay more attention to irrigation but neglect drainage. However, a large amount of unit salt has not been separated from the soil in essence, salinization risk is existing, so the task of farmland drainage has a long way to go. Practice has proved that the long-term application of farmland drainage technology had played an active role in the improvement of saline-alkali soil, raising crop yield and promoting agricultural economic development. This paper reviewed and summarized the development situation of managing saline-alkali soil by farmland drainage technology in Xinjiang since 1949; pointed out that the existing problems in the actual development of farmland drainage technology; and put forward measures and suggestions for managing saline-alkali soil by drainage technology under the new situation, so as to provide references for future drip irrigation in soil salinization regions of Xinjiang.