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    15 November 2024, Volume 26 Issue 11
    AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION FORUM
    Practice and Thinking for the Globalization of China’s Agricultural Science and Technology
    Kun SHI, Zhi WANG, Zhao SHI
    2024, 26(11):  1-6.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0691
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    In the context of globalization, promoting the globalization of agricultural science and technology is a strategic choice to ensure national food security, serve the overall situation of national diplomacy, and enhance the international influence of China’s agriculture and the discourse power of global food and agricultural governance. This paper combed the main measures taken by China’s agricultural research institutions and enterprises in promoting the globalization of agricultural science and technology in recent years, summarized the achievements of China in improving the international cooperation mechanism, enhancing the level of collaborative innovation and helping the developing countries reduce poverty and increase food through the international cooperation of agricultural science and technology. It also put forward countermeasures and suggestions for further promoting the high-quality development for the globalization of agricultural science and technology to provide useful reference and guidance for China’s international cooperation in agricultural science and technology in the new era.

    Food Security:Current Situation, Problem and Countermeasure
    Lixia CHEN, Jingze LIU, Lizhu WU, Yinzhu SHEN
    2024, 26(11):  7-14.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0336
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    Human is an important functional unit in the ecosystem and has producted great impact on the environment of the earth. With the rapid growth of population and unsustainable exploitation of natural resources during the process of social and economic development, the reduction of forest areas, land degradation, water scarcity, global temperature rise, and severe damage to biodiversity have occurred, leading to a significant decrease in crop yield and a growing food security problem. This paper introduced the current situation of food security issues and their main causes,also present various measures to address food security issues, such as promoting the development of green energy, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, adjusting research objectives and methods, advocating for diversified planting models, and improving food productivity. These sustainable development strategies aimed to collectively tackle the challenges of food security and achieve harmonious coexistence between humans and the earth, which was expected to provide reference for addressing food security issues.

    Impact of Industrialization of Soybean Bio-breeding in China on Trade Dependency
    Haosen YANG
    2024, 26(11):  15-22.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0591
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    China is one of the major importers of soybean in the world, with a high dependency on foreign sources exceeding, making the risks in soybean foreign trade increasingly prominent. The experiences of the United States, Brazil, and Argentina have demonstrated that the application of genetically modified soybeans and their supporting technologies effectively reduces variable costs, and increased the total factor productivity of soybeans. This paper analyzed the risks faced by China’s soybean industry, elaborated on the role of seed industry in industrial development,and simulated the impact of the industrial application of bio-breeding technology on the domestic soybean and trade based on a partial equilibrium model, in order to seeking a available path to reduce the risk of China’s soybean trade. The partial equilibrium simulation showed that promoting the industrialization of soybean bio-breeding could improve the total factor productivity of soybean production, thereby enhancing the market competitiveness of domestic soybeans. When the supply of domestic soybeans increased, the import quantity would also decrease accordingly, and the greater the substitution elasticity, the greater the reduction in import quantity, which could effectively alleviate the pressure of China’s dependence on foreign soybeans.

    BIOTECHNOLOGY & LIFE SCIENCE
    Development of Spatial Transcriptomics and Its Applications
    Yongzi CHEN, Hua WANG, Weixuan WANG
    2024, 26(11):  23-31.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0609
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    Spatial transcriptomics is a disruptive biological technique that integrates molecular biology and spatial imaging technologies to reveal the spatial distribution of gene expression within tissues or cells. Through the analysis of transcriptomics data, the spatial expression patterns of genes at tissue or cellular level could be understanded comprehensively, and then the spatiotemporal characteristics of gene regulation in biological systems and their functional significance in biological processes could be deeply uncovered. This technology provided unprecedented assistance for the research in developmental biology, immunology, tumor research and agriculture fields etc, and provided support for understanding of key processes such as cell differentiation and crop development etc. This article detaily overviewed the development of spatial transcriptomics technology, data analysis, and its major applications in the fields of medicine and agriculture. It also identified the challenges existed in the field and offered insights into future development trends.

    Advances in Synthesis and Gene Regulation of Floral Scents from Dendrobium
    Ruijing ZHAO, Hua CAO, Qinchang LIAO, Dongping CHEN, Decang CUN, Donghui LI, Han LI, Lin LU
    2024, 26(11):  32-42.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0196
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    Most Dendrobium species in the Orchid family have high medicinal and ornamental value. There are about 1 200~1 500 species of Dendrobium in the world, among which 76 species of Dendrobium are distributed in China, mainly in Southwest, South and Taiwan, and Yunnan is the most distribution with 62 species. Floral scent is important ornamental trait of ornamental plants. With the development of molecular biology, great progress has been made in biochemical synthesis pathways, related gene regulation mechanisms and genetic engineering of floral scents. 17 major odorant components and the biosynthetic pathways, related enzymes and gene regulation mechanisms of 26 Dendrobium species reported in recent years were reviewed, and the future research and development direction were prospected, so as to provide reference for the improvement of floral scents in the future.

    Development of Functional Markers of the Key Gene TaAGPL1 in Wheat Starch Synthesis
    Moming HU, Yanjun MENG, Shuyuan MIAO, Xining HU, Qing XU, Hongzhen MA, Pengfei WANG, Guoqin LIU, Guozhang KANG
    2024, 26(11):  43-55.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0303
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    Starch accounts for about 70% of wheat grain dry weight, and it is the determinant of grain weight. TaAGPL1 gene codes a large cytoplasmic subunit of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) and plays a key role in wheat starch synthesis. From 239 modern wheat varieties approved in recent years, it was found that 13 single nucleotide polymorphism loci (SNPs) only existed on B copy of TaAGPL1 gene. After genome polymorphism analysis, they were classified into 2 haplotypes (Hap1 and Hap2). The correlation between haplotypes and thousand grain weight was analyzed, and Hap2 was proved to be the favoured haplotype. Based on the A/C mutation at allelic mutation site 1 944 in the encoding region, a functional marker was developed for enzyme restriction amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS). The transcription level of TaAGPL1-1B gene and activity of AGPase between Hap1 and Hap2 varieties were measured and compared, and it was found that they were significantly increased in the grains of favoured haplotype Hap2 after grain-filling of 14 and 21 d. The research results provided theoretical basis for screening and creation of modern wheat varieties with high starch content or high thousand grain weight.

    Analysis of Folate Content and Its Derivatives in Grains of Wheat with Different Grain Colors
    Peng TIAN, Jie SONG, Xia LI, Yuzhi WANG, Bangbang WU
    2024, 26(11):  56-65.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0184
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    Folic is essential for sustaining cell activity, promoting cell growth, and participating in cell division and proliferation. The demand for colored wheat is increasing due to its richness in anthocyanin, iron, zinc, selenium and other useful minerals. To research the content of folate in colored wheat grains,this study employed a total of 42 wheat varieties (lines) with varying grain colors as materials to ascertain the contents of 4 folic acid derivatives in 3 grains under 3 growing conditions: tetrahydrofolate (THF), 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-CH3-THF), 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (5-CHO-THF) and 5,?10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (5,?10-CH+THF). The results indicated that the 4 folic acid derivatives were distributed across wheat varieties with varying grain colors, with a coefficient of variation ranging from 18.34% to 21.10%, among which Lin 4179 had high folic acid content, and with a total content of 66.99 μg·100 g-1. The contents of 5-CH3-THF and 5-CHO-THF accounted for approximately 70% of the total folic acid content. The mean total folate level in purple and blue grains was 62.31 and 62.97 μg·100 g-1, respectively, which was significantly higher than that in white (41.90 μg·100 g-1) and red grains (44.36 μg·100 g-1). Genotype effect was the main factor affecting total folic acid content, environmental factors have less impact. The results of this study provided an important insight for the development and breeding of folate biofortified wheat varieties.

    Study on Differences in Nitrogen Absorption and Assimilation among Tobacco Varieties
    Huabing LIU, Wei DANG, Qi LI, Xiaobing ZHANG, Zhiqiang XU, Yongjian ZHONG, Zhiguang REN, Yonggang ZHANG, Kailong YUAN, Hao YANG, Hui WANG, Jutao SUN
    2024, 26(11):  66-78.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0426
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    To explore the changes of nitrogen metabolism characteristics of tobacco under different nitrogen nutrition, tobacco varieties of NC89 and Zhongyan 100 were used as materials, and 2 nitrogen levels including high nitrogen(5.0 mmol·L-1)and low nitrogen (0.1 mmol·L-1) were set. The expression levels of nitrate transporter genes in roots and key enzyme genes of nitrogen metabolism in leaves were determined, and other physiological indexes of nitrogen metabolism in tobacco plants, carbon and nitrogen contents in aboveground and underground parts of tobacco, dry matter weight and root morphology were determined. The results showed that under low nitrogen conditions, the expression levels of NtNRT1.1 and NtNRT1.2 genes in Zhongyan 100 were significantly higher than those in NC89, while NtNRT2.3 was highly expressed in the roots of NC89; the NO3- content in leaves, soluble protein content and carbon nitrogen ratio of underground part of NC89 were significantly higher than those of Zhongyan 100. Under 2 nitrogen conditions, the expression levels of NtNIA1NtNIA2 and NtGS1 genes in NC89 leaves were significantly higher than those in Zhongyan 100. The glutamine synthetase activities, NO3- content in roots, chlorophyll content and root morphology indicators were significantly better than those in Zhongyan 100. Above results showed that NC89 was superior to Zhongyan100 in nitrogen nutrition and carbon synthesis, which could lay the theoretical foundation on revealing the molecular mechanism of nitrogen metabolism of tobacco.

    Bioinformatics and Expression Pattern Analysis of JAZ and MYC2-like Gene Family in Lavandula angustifolia
    Nigela Abuduwaili, Xiuzhen WEI, Jingjie MEN, Lingna CHEN, Yongkun CHEN, Gengqing HUANG
    2024, 26(11):  79-90.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0423
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    JAZ protein and MYC2-like transcription factor, which act as key regulators of the jasmonate (JA) signal transduction pathway, play important roles on plant growth and development and specialized metabolisms. Using the amino acid sequences of 13 JAZ proteins and 11 MYC2-like proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana as reference sequences, the LaJAZ and LaMYC2-like genes in the Lavandula angustifolia genome were retrieved and subjected to bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that a total of 26 LaJAZ and 26 LaMYC2-like genes were identified in whole genome of Lavandula angustifolia, which were unevenly distributed on 22 chromosomes. The promoter cis-acting elements of LaJAZ and LaMYC2-like genes involved plant responses to light, jasmonate, abscisic acid, defense and stress reactions. qRT-PCR showed that the selected 6 LaJAZ genes had higher express level in deep purple sepals, while the selected LaMYC2-like genes had higher express level in light purple sepals. In addition, 15 LaJAZ and LaMYC2-like genes were induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Above results laid the foundation for the functional analysis of LaJAZ and LaMYC2-like genes in Lavandula angustifolia and their response mechanism to JA signaling.

    INTELLIGENT AGRICULTURE & AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
    Research on Provincial Digital Rural Architecture Under the Strategy of “Big Data + Rural Revitalization”
    Yunzhu LIU, Zhian ZHOU, Jiewei WANG
    2024, 26(11):  91-96.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0358
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    Driven by the dual strategy of “big data+rural revitalization”, the construction of digital countryside is constantly accelerating. The current situation and problems of digital rural construction were analyzed. Combined with the requirements of national digital rural and provincial-level agricultural and rural big data center construction, the path of big data empowering digital rural areas was proposed, the provincial-level digital rural architecture based on the “one brain, three systems” was studied and explored, and the work suggestions were put forward, which provided reference for provincial-level digital rural construction.

    Design and Experiment of Double Shafts Banana Straw Crushing and Returning Machine with Different Rotational Directions
    Chun HUANG, Yue LI, Shiquan WEI, Yang GAO, Zihan WU, Qirun HUANG, Chenhui WEI
    2024, 26(11):  97-106.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0799
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    Aiming at the poor effect of straw crushing and returning on the field and uneven straw throwing and other problems in the operation of the existing machine tools, a kind of double shafts banana straw crushing and returning machine with different rotational directions was designed, which was mainly composed of crushing device, transmission device and three-point suspension device. Taking forward speed of the machine, rotational speed of the crushing knife shaft and thickness of the blade as the test factors, and the qualified rate of banana straw crushing and the unevenness of casting as the evaluation indexes, a three-factor, three-level field test was carried out to analyze the effects of each test factor on the evaluation indexes. The results of ANOVA showed that for the banana straw crushing pass rate, the forward speed of the machine and the speed of the crushing knife shaft had a highly significant effect, and the thickness of the blade had a significant effect; for the unevenness of the throwing, the speed of the crushing knife shaft had a significant effect. The optimal combination of working parameters was determined as the forward speed of machine 1.4 m·s-1, rotational speed of the crushing knife shaft 1 600 r·min-1, and thickness of the knife blade 10 mm, under which the qualified rate of banana straw crushing under this parameter was 96.76%, and the unevenness of the casting was 8.96%, which met the requirements of banana straw crushing and returning to the field, and reached the requirements of the expected design goals, and provided technical support for the subsequent upgrading of the machine.

    Crop Insect Identification Based on Improved YOLOv7
    Shirui HUANG, Tianyi WANG, Tao WEN, Jianglong ZHOU
    2024, 26(11):  107-116.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0036
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    In order to solve the problem of time-consuming and laborious manual detection of crop pests, a crop pest recognition model based on YOLOv7 was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the feature fusion module of YOLOv7 was improved using the information aggregation-distribution mechanism, which enhanced the feature fusion ability between different levels. Secondly, the loss function was replaced by minimum points distance intersection over union to calculate the boundary box regression loss, which better aligned the predicted box and the real target box, and improved the accuracy of the boundary box regression. Finally, the receptive field enhancement module was added after the SPPCSPC layer to enhance the recognition ability of the model to small-scale pests. Experimental results showed that the average accuracy of the improved YOLOv7 model was 80.4%, the precision rate was 85.3%, and the recall rate was 75.1%, which were 3.4%, 3.2% and 2.6% higher than those before improvement. The model had better recognition effect and robustness for agricultural pests, and provided a more accurate and reliable tool for agricultural pest monitoring and control.

    Research on Apple Grading System Based on Machine Vision and BA-BP
    Jiahao LIU, Junwei GAO
    2024, 26(11):  117-125.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0506
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    In order to achieve accurate fruit classification, an apple classification system based on machine vision and BA-BP was designed with apple as the sorting object. Firstly, the apple image acquired in real time was preprocessed to obtain the apple contour image. The improved Canny edge detection algorithm was used to extract the apple contour, and methods such as minimum circumferential circle method, color model conversion and gray scale co-existence matrix were used to extract the apple diameter, color, roundness and texture features. Secondly, the collected training group data was filtered and normalized, and the processed data was input into the BP neural network model. Then the bat algorithm was used to optimize the BP network model and complete the network model training. Finally, the data of the test group were input into the BA-BP neural network system and the BP neural network system. The experimental results showed that the recognition accuracy of BA-BP neural network system was 96%, the performance was obviously better than BP neural network system, and the average classification time was less than 1.25 s. Therefore, the system could meet the demand of apple grading in actual production and help to realize the accurate identification of apple grade.

    ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH
    Research Progress on Biocontrol Mechanism and Synergistic Disease Prevention of Trichoderma
    Xiao WEI, Chunxia CAO, Daye HUANG, Jingwu YAO, Qinfeng YUAN
    2024, 26(11):  126-135.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0524
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    Trichoderma is a widely distributed filamentous fungus and widely used as a biological fungicide to control a variety of plant diseases in agriculture due to its excellent biocontrol potential. Trichoderma can reduce plant diseases caused by pathogens through different direct mechanisms (mycoparasitism and the production of cell wall degrading enzymes, antibiosis, competition for space or nutrients) or indirect mechanisms (induction of plant defense ). Compound biocontrol agents have received increasing attention in recent years. Trichoderma can be used in combination with other biocontrol products to produce better biocontrol effects because of its resistance to chemical pesticides and compatibility with rhizosphere microorganisms. The related mechanisms of Trichoderma, including parasitism, antibiosis, nutrient competition and induction of plant resistance were summarized, and the current research progress were discussed. In addition, the research progress of synergistic disease prevention between Trichoderma and other microorganisms or non-biological (chemical fungicides, other substances) with disease prevention effect was reviewed, and the current research status and the subsequent development prospects of Trichoderma as a biological fungicide were explored.

    Study on Control Effect of Streptomyces phaeoluteichromatogenes HEBRC45958 Strain on Corynespora Leaf Spot of Tomato
    Daye HUANG, Zhibin YU, Zhongyi WAN, Dan YANG, Jinping LI, Chunxia CAO
    2024, 26(11):  136-142.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0416
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    In order to clarify the control effect of Streptomyces phaeoluteichromatogenes strain HEBRC45958 against Corynespora leaf spot of tomato, the antifungal activity was determined in vitro by using dual culture assay combined with microscope and scanning electron microscope observation. The siderophore production and the activities of hydrolases were also determined. The control effect of the fermentation broth of HEBRC45958 strain on Corynespora leaf spot of tomato was determined in pots. The results showed that the inhibition rate HEBRC45958 on Corynespora cassiicola was 52.65% in the dual culture. Compared with control, the mycelium treated with HEBRC45958 strain was distorted and cracked by scanning microscopy, and the space between the cell wall and cell membrane was widened by transmission electron microscopy. The HEBRC45958 strain could produce amylase, cellulase, chitinase and siderophore. The control effect of fermentation broth against Corynespora leaf spot of tomato was 100% in pot experiment, which showed that HEBRC45958 strain had a good prospect of biocontrol application for Corynespora leaf spot of tomato.

    FOOD QUALITY & PROCESSING AND STORAGE
    Flavor Differences of Different Types of Fresh Corn Based on Electronic Nose and GC-IMS Technology
    Yaxing SHI, Hui DONG, Li XU, Yanli FAN, Hui LIU, Yamin SHI, Ainian YU, Ning GAO, Jiuran ZHAO, Baishan LU, Ronghuan WANG
    2024, 26(11):  143-156.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0708
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    Flavor is an important indicator of the edible quality of fresh corn. In order to explore the composition and content differences of volatile flavor compounds in different types of fresh corn,in this study, 6 different types of fresh corn varieties including NKN 323 were used as materials, and electronic nose technology and gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) technology were used to detect the volatile flavor compounds in fresh corn to evaluate the contribution of volatile flavor compounds to the overall flavor of fresh corn by relative odor activity value (ROAV). The results showed that a total of 34 volatile flavor compounds were identified, including 10 esters (34.68%~26.74%), 8 aldehydes (28.46%~21.22%), 6 alcohols (10.33%~6.04%), 5 ketones (14.74%~9.87%), 2 ethers (10.05%~6.94%) and 3 other compounds. GC-IMS fingerprints showed that the difference of volatile flavor compounds content important which caused the difference of characteristic flavor of different types of fresh corn. 5 common key aroma components and 23 different characteristic flavor compounds of fresh corn were identified by ROAV. The total release of volatile flavor compounds of different types of varieties was NKN323, followed by JKT608.Isovaleraldehyde contributed the most to the overall flavor of NKN336, JZN219, JKN768 and JKT608, while 3-octanone contributed the most to the overall flavor of NKN323 and JKN2000. Above results provided theoretical basis for the analysis and evaluation of volatile flavor compounds in fresh corn and the precise control of characteristic flavor.

    Study on Low Temperature Drying Characteristics and Quality of Hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera
    Zhaoyang YANG, Peng XU, Tiejian YUAN, Xiaoqiong LI, Donggen PENG, Zhentao ZHANG, Junling YANG, Chuangchuang DING, Jizhou ZHU
    2024, 26(11):  157-170.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0755
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    Hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera is a high-quality woody feed resource rich in crude protein. In order to explore the heat and mass transfer mechanism of hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera at low temperature (60, 70, 80 ℃) and its relationship with quality, hot air drying and vacuum drying experiments (drying pressure 20, 40 kPa) were carried out on hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera with different thickness (2, 3, 4 cm), and the effects of different drying conditions on drying characteristics and drying quality of hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera were measured and analyzed. The results showed that under the same drying conditions, the drying rate of hot air drying was better than that of vacuum drying, and the drying time could be shortened by 33.3%~46.7%. The Page model was the best moisture prediction model for low temperature hot air drying and vacuum drying. The brightness (L* )value of hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera was significantly affected by drying temperature and drying pressure(P<0.05). By analyzing the nutritional indexes, the suitable drying conditions for hot air drying were 2 cm, 60 ℃, and the suitable drying conditions for vacuum drying were 2 cm, 70 ℃, 20 kPa. Above results provided theoretical guidance for drying process of hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera.

    BIO-MANUFACTURING & RESOURCE AND ECOLOGY
    Research Progress of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Affecting Plant Nitrogen Absorption and Transport
    Zitian PU, Fei WANG, Chang LI, Xinxin WANG
    2024, 26(11):  171-179.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0166
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    Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could form symbionts with host plants and were widely found in terrestrial ecosystems, and AMF could significantly enhance the nitrogen (N) absorption capacity of host plants. The symbiosis of AMF with hosts could promote the absorption of N of plants through direct and indirect ways. The direct way was to improve the root traits, expand the total area and active absorption area of root by symbiosis of AMF and hosts. In addition, mycelium was formed in plant roots to expand the exploration area of soil. At the same time, extraneous mycelia could also form mycelial bridge between host roots to improve the N absorption capacity and N communication between hosts. The indirect way was that mycorrhizal symbiosis could promote the increase of host’s root secretion and mycelial secretion, and improve soil Nabsorption of hosts. In addition, mycelium could carry a large number of bacteria, and mycelium secretions could stimulate the growth and activity of microorganisms, and then changed the microbial composition of host’s roots. Meanwhile, the interaction between AMF and rhizobium could improve the host’s ability to fix N and absorb N. In addition of affecting the host’s absorption of N, AMF could also affect the host’s transport pathway of N. It showed the extraneous mycelia in mycorrhizal symbionts absorbed inorganic N in the soil and converted the inorganic N into arginine (Arg), which was transported to the mycelia in the root through mycelia, where Arg was decomposed into urea and ornithine (Orn), and NH4+-N was formed again through the cycle of ornithine. And the NH4+-N was transfered to host cells via ammonium transporter (AMT) for plant growth. The effects of AMF on nitrogen uptake and N transport in plants were reviewed, which provided a reference for mycorrhizal interaction in plant N uptake and transport.

    Effect of Endogenous and Exogenous Organic Matter on Phosphorus Adsorption and Availability in Black Soil
    Weijian ZHANG, Jingyi FENG, Yue LI, Wanying HE, Yanjing CHE, Ziying WANG, Xueyan BAI, Siyu GU
    2024, 26(11):  180-190.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0126
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    In order to explore the effect of organic matter on phosphorus (P) adsorption and availability in northeast black soil, 3 types of black soil with different levels of organic matter including high organic matter black soil (T1), medium organic matter black soil (T2) and low organic matter black soil (T3) were selected to explore whether the adsorption-desorption of phosphorus was influenced by endogenous organic matter by removing the organic matter. In addition, black soil with high organic matter was selected as the material, and 4 treatments with different organic fertilizer addition rates were set, including 0% (CK), 1% (C1), 2% (C2), 3% (C3), respectively. The effects of different organic fertilizer addition rates on soil physicochemical properties and phosphorus availability were analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of organic matter, the black soil adsorption affinity constant (K), maximum adsorption capacity (qm), and soil maximum buffer content increased, while the soil phosphorus saturation (DPS) decreased, indicating that phosphorus was less likely to be lost in soils with high organic matter. The higher the organic matter, the stronger the soil’?s ability to adsorb phosphorus. When the equilibrium content was 100 mg·L-1, the phosphorus adsorption capacities of T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 754.83, 722.58 and 660.65 mg·kg-1, respectively. The lower the organic matter, the stronger the soil’s ability to desorb phosphorus, and the higher the phosphorus availability. Removing organic matter reduced the phosphorus adsorption capacity of black soil with different levels of organic matter by 5.90% to 17.33%, enhancing soil phosphorus availability. The determination coefficient (R2) of the phosphorus isothermal adsorption equation was higher for the Langmuir equation than for the Freundlich equation, indicating a better fit; soil phosphorus adsorption was mainly dominated by chemical adsorption. Different doses of organic fertilizer application could reduce the adsorption rate of phosphorus by black soil, and the adsorption rate significantly decreased with the increase of organic fertilizer dosage. When the maximum phosphorus equilibrium concentration was reached, the C3 treatment had the greatest reduction in soil phosphorus adsorption and the highest soil phosphorus availability. The pseudo-second-order kinetic equation could well express the kinetic characteristics of soil phosphorus adsorption with organic fertilizer application. The addition of organic fertilizer significantly increased soil pH,available phosphorus, effective phosphorus and acid phosphatase activity by 1.05%~3.97%, 121.43%~251.35%, 8.38%~12.65% and 42.96%~57.77%,respectively. Above results provided scientific theoretical support for scientific management of black soil in different regions, rational application of organic fertilizer and improvement of phosphorus availability.

    Effects of Different Fertilizers on Soil and Sapling Growth in Cherry Orchard
    Mingze MA, Fan ZHANG, Tian WANG, Wenfang LI, Juan MAO, Baihong CHEN, Zonghuan MA
    2024, 26(11):  191-203.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0155
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    In order to study the effects of different fertilizers on soil nutrition and tree growth of young cherry trees, the two-year-old ‘Meizao’ cherry was taken as the test material, and no fertilization (CK1) and conventional fertilization (CK2) were used as the control. Amino acid water soluble fertilizer (T1), organic fertilizer (T2), trace element water soluble fertilizer (T3), microbial fertilizer (T4), red·indole·brassicola (T5), brassinolide (T6), saline soil amendment (T7), saline soil amendment+microbial fertilizer (T8), saline soil amendment+microbial fertilizer+amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (T9), saline soil amendment+microbial fertilizer+red·indole·brassica (T10), a total of 12 treatments, were set. The soil physicochemical properties, nutrients, enzyme activities and cherry seedling growth indicators under different treatments were determined. The results showed that the pH of T5 treatment was significantly higher than those of other treatments, the soil bulk densities of T7, T8 and T9 treatments were significantly higher than those of other treatments, and the soil salt contents of T8 and T9 treatments were significantly lower than that of CK1 by 23.36% and 22.45%. At 0—20 and 20—40 cm soil layers, the organic matter content of T2 treatment was the highest with 21.79 and 16.00 g·kg-1, respectively, and there was no significant difference between T2, T8 and T9 at 40—60 cm soil layer. The contents of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium of fertilize treatments were significantly higher than CK1. In summary, T3 treatment greatly increased soil trace element contents due to the application of trace element water-soluble fertilizer, and other treatments had a certain increase compared with CK1 and CK2. T9 treatment had the highest soil enzyme activity, which the activities of catalase, urease and sucrase increased by 50.83%, 55.27% and 61.70%, respectively, compared with CK1 treatment. T9 treatment had the most significant increase in plant height, shoot length and shoot thickness. In summary, T9 treatment had significant effect on enhancing the growth of cherry trees, and could effectively reduce soil pH and soil salt content, improve soil nutrients, physical and chemical properties, and enzyme activities.

    Field Observation on Evolution of Sand Accumulation Pattern in Reeds Checkerboard Sand Barrier
    Chao WEI
    2024, 26(11):  204-209.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0143
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    Reeds checkerboard sand barrier(RCSB) is one of the important engineering sand-fixation measures of the Hetian-Ruoqiang railway (HRR). The evolution of the sand accumulation morphology inside the RCSB has an important influence on its sand-control performance. In order to understand the real state of sand accumulation inside RCSB, the evolution of the sand-accumulation morphology inside the RCSB was monitored in the field experiment for a period of 6 months based on the local construction project at the HRR. The results showed that the sand particles in the RCSB moved backward along the main wind direction. The sediment thickness at the edge of the RCSB was larger than that in the center of the wind direction along the vertical section. During the monitoring period, the thickness of sand accumulation inside the whole RCSB could be well described by the Rotion Tayor surface function, and the surface was concave along the main wind direction. The structural parameters of the RCSB, wind speed, wind direction and wind percentage were responsible for shaping the complex sand accumulation patterns inside the RCSB. Above results were of great significance to the understanding of the evolution of sediment accumulation in the RCSB under the natural state in the field.

    INNOVATIVE METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES
    Research Advances of Monoclonal Antibody Production Technologies
    Hang XU, Hao SONG, Gaocheng FAN, Shujian HUANG, Yuzi LUO, Huaji QIU
    2024, 26(11):  210-224.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0725
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    Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are effective biopharmaceuticals widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In order to solve the drawbacks of the traditional mAb preparation platform such as long production cycles and low affinity of antibodies, researchers have developed novel antibody preparation technologies based on traditional hybridoma techniques, including antibody display, chimeric antibody, transgenic mouse and single B cell preparation, which have greatly accelerated the development of mAb preparation techniques. The principles, advantages and disadvantages of novel antibody preparation technologies, as well as their application status and prospects in the prevention and treatment of emerging and devasting infectious diseases were summarized, aiming to provide some theoretical references for the research of mAb production technologies and disease prevention and control.

    Establishment of CSE1L Knockout C2C12 Cells by CRISPR-Cas9 System
    Zixin LI, Hongfei BAI, Yong XIE, Xun LI, Lijing BAI
    2024, 26(11):  225-233.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0250
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    To study the role of chromosomeseegregation 1-like (CSE1L) protein in skeletal muscle development in mice, CSE1L gene knockout C2C12 cell line was constructed by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology. 3 pairs of single RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting the third exon of mouse CSE1L CDS sequence were designed, then sgRNA plasmid (linked to green fluorescent protein, GFP) and Cas9 plasmid (linked to red fluorescent protein, RFP) were constructed. The sgRNA and Cas9 were co-transfected into C2C12 cell line, then the cleavage efficiency of different sgRNA was screened. After co-transfection, the C2C12 cell lines were sorted by flow cytometry to obtain the cells co-expressing GFP and RFP, and then identified by DNA sequencing. The molecular characteristics of CSE1L were identified by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. Finally, CCK-8, cell cycle and apoptosis test were used to examine the activity and apoptosis of CSE1L knock out cell line. The results showed that CSE1L gene mRNA and protein expression level were significantly decreased (P<0.01), which indicated that CSE1L gene was successfully knocked out. CSE1L gene deletion resulted in C2C12 cell line elongated, cell viability was significantly down-regulated at 72 h, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis increased. This study demonstrated the CSE1L gene knockout cell line was successfully constructed, and the function related to growth and development of mouse skeletal muscle cells was studied, which provided a cell line model for exploring the function of CSE1L gene study and laid a foundation for generating subsequent gene editing knockout mice.