Study on Low Temperature Drying Characteristics and Quality of Hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0755

Abstract

Abstract:

Hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera is a high-quality woody feed resource rich in crude protein. In order to explore the heat and mass transfer mechanism of hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera at low temperature （60， 70， 80 ℃） and its relationship with quality， hot air drying and vacuum drying experiments （drying pressure 20， 40 kPa） were carried out on hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera with different thickness （2， 3， 4 cm）， and the effects of different drying conditions on drying characteristics and drying quality of hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera were measured and analyzed. The results showed that under the same drying conditions， the drying rate of hot air drying was better than that of vacuum drying， and the drying time could be shortened by 33.3%~46.7%. The Page model was the best moisture prediction model for low temperature hot air drying and vacuum drying. The brightness （L^* ）value of hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera was significantly affected by drying temperature and drying pressure（P<0.05）. By analyzing the nutritional indexes， the suitable drying conditions for hot air drying were 2 cm， 60 ℃， and the suitable drying conditions for vacuum drying were 2 cm， 70 ℃， 20 kPa. Above results provided theoretical guidance for drying process of hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera.

Key words: hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera, low temperature drying, drying characteristics, color, quality

摘要：

杂交构树是一种富含粗蛋白的优质木本饲料资源。为探究杂交构树低温（60、70、80 ℃）传热传质机理及其与品质的关系，对不同铺料厚度（2、3、4 cm）的杂交构树进行热风干燥和真空干燥（真空压力20、40 kPa）试验，测定并分析不同干燥条件对杂交构树干燥特性及干燥品质的影响。结果表明，在相同干燥条件下，杂交构树热风干燥的干燥速率优于真空干燥，热风干燥能够缩短干燥时间的33.3%~46.7%；Page模型为杂交构树低温热风干燥和真空干燥的最佳预测模型；杂交构树明度（L^* ）受温度和干燥压力影响显著（P<0.05）；通过营养指标分析，提出适合杂交构树热风干燥的条件为2 cm、60 ℃，适合真空干燥的条件为2 cm、70 ℃、20 kPa。研究结果为杂交构树的干燥加工提供理论指导。

关键词: 杂交构树, 低温干燥, 干燥特性, 色泽, 品质

CLC Number:

S375

Zhaoyang YANG, Peng XU, Tiejian YUAN, Xiaoqiong LI, Donggen PENG, Zhentao ZHANG, Junling YANG, Chuangchuang DING, Jizhou ZHU. Study on Low Temperature Drying Characteristics and Quality of Hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(11): 157-170.

杨朝阳, 徐鹏, 苑铁键, 李晓琼, 彭冬根, 张振涛, 杨俊玲, 丁闯闯, 朱纪洲. 杂交构树低温干燥特性及品质研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(11): 157-170.

Figures/Tables 17

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干燥模型 Drying model	模型公式 Formulation
A. Sander	MR=exp［-（t/k）^a］
Henderson and Pabis	MR=a exp（-kt）
Logarithmic	MR=a exp（-kt） + b
Newton/Lewis	MR=exp（-kt）
Page	MR=exp（-kt^a）
Third-degree polynomial model	MR=a+bt+kt²+k₀t³

干燥模型 Drying model	模型公式 Formulation
A. Sander	MR=exp［-（t/k）^a］
Henderson and Pabis	MR=a exp（-kt）
Logarithmic	MR=a exp（-kt） + b
Newton/Lewis	MR=exp（-kt）
Page	MR=exp（-kt^a）
Third-degree polynomial model	MR=a+bt+kt²+k₀t³

干燥模型 Drying model	干燥工况 Drying condation	拟合参数的优度 Goodness of fit paramenter			模型系数Model coefficient
干燥模型 Drying model	干燥工况 Drying condation	平方误差和SSE/（×10^-3）	决定系数 R²	均方根误差RMSE	a	b	k	k₀/ （×10^-4）
Page	HAD， 60 ℃， 2 cm	3.190	0.995 6	0.023 1	1.380 81		0.159 78
	HAD， 70 ℃， 2 cm	1.800	0.997 5	0.019 0	1.457 87		0.213 97
	HAD， 80 ℃， 2 cm	1.220	0.998 0	0.175 0	1.445 46		0.242 81
	HAD， 60 ℃， 3 cm	8.350	0.990 3	0.030 5	1.366 16		0.079 35
	HAD，70 ℃， 3 cm	2.950	0.996 7	0.018 1	1.234 64		0.138 34
	HAD， 80 ℃， 3 cm	1.410	0.997 9	0.015 3	1.286 11		0.162 25
	HAD， 60 ℃， 4 cm	1.580	0.998 7	0.010 6	1.174 86		0.085 39
	HAD， 70 ℃， 4 cm	1.920	0.997 9	0.013 9	1.196 86		0.111 43
	HAD， 80 ℃， 4 cm	1.710	0.998 1	0.013 8	1.220 08		0.127 80
	VD， 60 ℃， 40 kPa， 2 cm	4.160	0.996 0	0.019 4	1.339 04		0.072 20
	VD， 60 ℃， 20 kPa， 2 cm	1.860	0.997 5	0.015 3	1.252 48		0.109 96
	VD， 70 ℃， 40 kPa， 2 cm	3.260	0.996 4	0.019 0	1.357 89		0.089 78
	VD， 70 ℃， 20 kPa， 2 cm	1.810	0.997 7	0.015 0	1.258 36		0.123 95
	VD， 80 ℃， 40 kPa， 2 cm	3.130	0.995 6	0.021 1	1.271 99		0.130 40
	VD， 80 ℃， 20 kPa， 2 cm	2.480	0.996 8	0.018 8	1.273 48		0.150 06
Logarithmic	HAD， 60 ℃， 2 cm	0.406	0.999 4	0.009 01	2.097 44	-1.094 39	0.090 84
	HAD， 70 ℃， 2 cm	0.387	0.999 5	0.009 84	2.082 71	-1.076 04	0.119 98
	HAD， 80 ℃， 2 cm	0.299	0.999 5	0.009 98	2.202 59	-1.197 10	0.121 50
	HAD， 60 ℃， 3 cm	0.715	0.999 2	0.009 45	3.127 44	-2.133 57	0.033 46
	HAD，70 ℃， 3 cm	0.185	0.999 8	0.004 81	1.455 33	-0.456 43	0.109 97
	HAD， 80 ℃， 3 cm	0.261	0.999 6	0.007 22	1.568 38	-0.562 06	0.122 31
	HAD， 60 ℃， 4 cm	0.582	0.999 5	0.006 69	1.228 46	-0.218 93	0.088 65
	HAD， 70 ℃， 4 cm	0.084	0.999 9	0.003 05	1.326 62	-0.323 95	0.100 87
	HAD， 80 ℃， 4 cm	0.190	0.999 8	0.004 88	1.337 43	-0.331 35	0.116 05
	VD， 60 ℃， 40 kPa， 2 cm	0.211	0.999 8	0.004 59	1.956 24	-0.953 00	0.052 88
	VD， 60 ℃， 20 kPa， 2 cm	0.118	0.999 8	0.004 10	1.636 30	-0.634 97	0.081 48
	VD， 70 ℃， 40 kPa， 2 cm	0.252	0.999 7	0.005 61	2.007 24	-1.002 39	0.061 92
	VD， 70 ℃， 20 kPa， 2 cm	0.083	0.999 9	0.003 44	1.553 49	-0.551 42	0.096 30
	VD， 80 ℃， 40 kPa， 2 cm	0.047	0.999 9	0.002 81	1.763 08	-0.765 48	0.085 81
	VD， 80 ℃， 20 kPa， 2 cm	0.012	0.999 9	0.001 40	1.579 12	-0.578 93	0.110 61
Lewes	HAD， 60 ℃， 2 cm	22.810	0.968 8	0.057 1			0.265 94
	HAD， 70 ℃， 2 cm	25.460	0.964 8	0.065 1			0.357 94
	HAD， 80 ℃， 2 cm	19.970	0.967 3	0.063 2			0.380 57
	HAD， 60 ℃， 3 cm	32.630	0.962 2	0.057 1			0.152 00
	HAD，70 ℃， 3 cm	14.620	0.983 7	0.038 2			0.203 06
	HAD， 80 ℃， 3 cm	13.460	0.980 3	0.043 8			0.240 81
	HAD， 60 ℃， 4 cm	12.230	0.989 9	0.028 6			0.122 78
	HAD， 70 ℃， 4 cm	11.450	0.987 7	0.032 2			0.158 81

干燥模型 Drying model	干燥工况 Drying condation	拟合参数的优度 Goodness of fit paramenter			模型系数Model coefficient
干燥模型 Drying model	干燥工况 Drying condation	平方误差和SSE/（×10^-3）	决定系数 R²	均方根误差RMSE	a	b	k	k₀/ （×10^-4）
Page	HAD， 60 ℃， 2 cm	3.190	0.995 6	0.023 1	1.380 81		0.159 78
	HAD， 70 ℃， 2 cm	1.800	0.997 5	0.019 0	1.457 87		0.213 97
	HAD， 80 ℃， 2 cm	1.220	0.998 0	0.175 0	1.445 46		0.242 81
	HAD， 60 ℃， 3 cm	8.350	0.990 3	0.030 5	1.366 16		0.079 35
	HAD，70 ℃， 3 cm	2.950	0.996 7	0.018 1	1.234 64		0.138 34
	HAD， 80 ℃， 3 cm	1.410	0.997 9	0.015 3	1.286 11		0.162 25
	HAD， 60 ℃， 4 cm	1.580	0.998 7	0.010 6	1.174 86		0.085 39
	HAD， 70 ℃， 4 cm	1.920	0.997 9	0.013 9	1.196 86		0.111 43
	HAD， 80 ℃， 4 cm	1.710	0.998 1	0.013 8	1.220 08		0.127 80
	VD， 60 ℃， 40 kPa， 2 cm	4.160	0.996 0	0.019 4	1.339 04		0.072 20
	VD， 60 ℃， 20 kPa， 2 cm	1.860	0.997 5	0.015 3	1.252 48		0.109 96
	VD， 70 ℃， 40 kPa， 2 cm	3.260	0.996 4	0.019 0	1.357 89		0.089 78
	VD， 70 ℃， 20 kPa， 2 cm	1.810	0.997 7	0.015 0	1.258 36		0.123 95
	VD， 80 ℃， 40 kPa， 2 cm	3.130	0.995 6	0.021 1	1.271 99		0.130 40
	VD， 80 ℃， 20 kPa， 2 cm	2.480	0.996 8	0.018 8	1.273 48		0.150 06
Logarithmic	HAD， 60 ℃， 2 cm	0.406	0.999 4	0.009 01	2.097 44	-1.094 39	0.090 84
	HAD， 70 ℃， 2 cm	0.387	0.999 5	0.009 84	2.082 71	-1.076 04	0.119 98
	HAD， 80 ℃， 2 cm	0.299	0.999 5	0.009 98	2.202 59	-1.197 10	0.121 50
	HAD， 60 ℃， 3 cm	0.715	0.999 2	0.009 45	3.127 44	-2.133 57	0.033 46
	HAD，70 ℃， 3 cm	0.185	0.999 8	0.004 81	1.455 33	-0.456 43	0.109 97
	HAD， 80 ℃， 3 cm	0.261	0.999 6	0.007 22	1.568 38	-0.562 06	0.122 31
	HAD， 60 ℃， 4 cm	0.582	0.999 5	0.006 69	1.228 46	-0.218 93	0.088 65
	HAD， 70 ℃， 4 cm	0.084	0.999 9	0.003 05	1.326 62	-0.323 95	0.100 87
	HAD， 80 ℃， 4 cm	0.190	0.999 8	0.004 88	1.337 43	-0.331 35	0.116 05
	VD， 60 ℃， 40 kPa， 2 cm	0.211	0.999 8	0.004 59	1.956 24	-0.953 00	0.052 88
	VD， 60 ℃， 20 kPa， 2 cm	0.118	0.999 8	0.004 10	1.636 30	-0.634 97	0.081 48
	VD， 70 ℃， 40 kPa， 2 cm	0.252	0.999 7	0.005 61	2.007 24	-1.002 39	0.061 92
	VD， 70 ℃， 20 kPa， 2 cm	0.083	0.999 9	0.003 44	1.553 49	-0.551 42	0.096 30
	VD， 80 ℃， 40 kPa， 2 cm	0.047	0.999 9	0.002 81	1.763 08	-0.765 48	0.085 81
	VD， 80 ℃， 20 kPa， 2 cm	0.012	0.999 9	0.001 40	1.579 12	-0.578 93	0.110 61
Lewes	HAD， 60 ℃， 2 cm	22.810	0.968 8	0.057 1			0.265 94
	HAD， 70 ℃， 2 cm	25.460	0.964 8	0.065 1			0.357 94
	HAD， 80 ℃， 2 cm	19.970	0.967 3	0.063 2			0.380 57
	HAD， 60 ℃， 3 cm	32.630	0.962 2	0.057 1			0.152 00
	HAD，70 ℃， 3 cm	14.620	0.983 7	0.038 2			0.203 06
	HAD， 80 ℃， 3 cm	13.460	0.980 3	0.043 8			0.240 81
	HAD， 60 ℃， 4 cm	12.230	0.989 9	0.028 6			0.122 78
	HAD， 70 ℃， 4 cm	11.450	0.987 7	0.032 2			0.158 81

干燥模型 Drying model	干燥工况 Drying condation	拟合参数的优度 Goodness of fit paramenter			模型系数Model coefficient
干燥模型 Drying model	干燥工况 Drying condation	平方误差和SSE/（×10^-3）	决定系数 R²	均方根误差RMSE	a	b	k	k₀/ （×10^-4）
Lewes	HAD， 80 ℃， 4 cm	12.670	0.986 0	0.035 6			0.185 08
	VD， 60 ℃， 40 kPa， 2 cm	30.370	0.970 6	0.050 3			0.138 11
	VD， 60 ℃， 20 kPa， 2 cm	13.220	0.982 0	0.038 3			0.167 40
	VD， 70 ℃， 40 kPa， 2 cm	27.740	0.969 4	0.052 6			0.166 92
	VD， 70 ℃， 20 kPa， 2 cm	14.200	0.982 1	0.039 7			0.188 29
	VD， 80 ℃， 40 kPa， 2 cm	15.020	0.978 8	0.043 4			0.198 05
	VD， 80 ℃， 20 kPa， 2 cm	15.050	0.980 3	0.043 4			0.225 07
Henderson and Pabis	HAD， 60 ℃， 2 cm	18.860	0.974 2	0.056 0	1.052 06		0.280 83
	HAD， 70 ℃， 2 cm	21.730	0.969 9	0.066 0	1.053 60		0.376 44
	HAD， 80 ℃， 2 cm	17.310	0.971 7	0.065 8	1.046 01		0.398 33
	HAD， 60 ℃， 3 cm	26.910	0.968 8	0.054 7	1.054 21		0.162 23
	HAD，70 ℃， 3 cm	11.780	0.986 9	0.036 2	1.040 86		0.212 01
	HAD， 80 ℃， 3 cm	10.670	0.984 4	0.042 2	1.043 05		0.252 77
	HAD， 60 ℃， 4 cm	8.340	0.993 1	0.024 4	1.040 80		0.128 63
	HAD， 70 ℃， 4 cm	8.790	0.990 5	0.029 6	1.037 03		0.165 76
	HAD， 80 ℃， 4 cm	9.560	0.989 4	0.032 6	1.041 77		0.193 83
	VD， 60 ℃， 40 kPa， 2 cm	23.150	0.977 6	0.045 8	1.058 48		0.147 74
	VD， 60 ℃， 20 kPa， 2 cm	10.370	0.985 9	0.036 1	1.039 65		0.175 80
	VD， 70 ℃， 40 kPa， 2 cm	21.420	0.976 4	0.048 8	1.058 14		0.178 30
	VD， 70 ℃， 20 kPa， 2 cm	11.160	0.985 9	0.037 4	1.041 92		0.197 59
	VD， 80 ℃， 40 kPa， 2 cm	12.420	0.982 5	0.042 1	1.039 58		0.207 54
	VD， 80 ℃， 20 kPa， 2 cm	12.330	0.983 8	0.042 0	1.041 41		0.235 55
Third-degree polynomial model	HAD， 60 ℃， 2 cm	0.402	0.999 5	0.010 0	1.003 40	-0.191 54	0.009 00	-2.626 38
	HAD， 70 ℃， 2 cm	0.059	0.999 9	0.004 44	1.001 05	-0.218 47	-0.003 82	21.500 00
	HAD， 80 ℃， 2 cm	0.049	0.999 9	0.004 93	1.000 96	-0.235 02	-0.005 97	29.800 00
	HAD， 60 ℃， 3 cm	0.610	0.999 3	0.00934	0.998 24	-0.111 97	0.003 73	-1.525 58
	HAD，70 ℃， 3 cm	0.140	0.999 8	0.004 48	1.001 22	-0.164 90	0.010 16	-3.639 05
	HAD， 80 ℃， 3 cm	0.212	0.999 7	0.007 28	1.004 00	-0.184 00	0.008 17	-0.196 88
	HAD， 60 ℃， 4 cm	0.529	0.999 6	0.006 64	1.006 94	-0.105 28	0.003 89	-0.579 12
	HAD， 70 ℃， 4 cm	0.077	0.999 9	0.003 11	1.001 05	-0.130 66	0.005 68	-1.024 05
	HAD， 80 ℃， 4 cm	0.174	0.999 8	0.004 98	1.005 39	-0.153 08	0.008 01	-1.874 45
	VD， 60 ℃， 40 kPa， 2 cm	0.074	0.999 9	0.002 9	0.998 30	-0.096 26	0.001 00	0.618 73
	VD， 60 ℃， 20 kPa， 2 cm	0.039	0.999 9	0.002 54	0.997 73	-0.125 91	0.003 07	0.585 90
	VD， 70 ℃， 40 kPa， 2 cm	0.040	0.999 9	0.002 39	0.998 83	-0.113 06	0.000 56	1.683 43
	VD， 70 ℃， 20 kPa， 2 cm	0.014	0.999 9	0.001 53	0.998 76	-0.141 89	0.004 50	0.341 37
	VD， 80 ℃， 40 kPa， 2 cm	0.037	0.999 9	0.002 70	0.998 88	-0.154 25	0.007 42	-2.354 61
	VD， 80 ℃， 20 kPa， 2 cm	0.012	0.999 9	0.001 54	0.999 72	-0.173 02	0.008 80	-2.058 89