Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer Replacing Part of Chemical Fertilizer on Grape Growth and Soil Fertility

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0914

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer on the yield， quality and soil fertility of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grape， 4 treatments were set in 2019—2020， including traditional water-fertilization （CK）， optimized water and fertilizer management （Opt）， and nitrogen fertilizer in the optimized water and fertilizer management replaced by bio-organic fertilizer with 20% （B1） and 40% （B2）， respecteively. The nutrition content in soil and yield， quality of grape under different treatments were compared. The results showed that optimized water and fertilizer management and using bio-organic fertilizer to replace part of chemical fertilizer could improve soil physicochemical property， enhance soil fertility and promote the growth of grape. B1 treatment could significantly increase the economic profits of vineyards， and the average income in 2019 and 2020 increased by 33.59% compared with CK. B2 treatment could improve soil fertility better. Compared with CK， the pH and nitrate nitrogen content of B2 in 0—40 cm soil layer at maturity stage decreased， while organic matter increased significantly. Compared with Opt treatment， the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium of B2 in 0—40 cm soil layer at maturity stage significantly increased by 109.90% and 32.20%， respectively. Therefore， using bio-organic fertilizer to replace part of chemical fertilizer was an effective approach to achieve efficient， safe and sustainable production of orchards.

Key words: bio-organic fertilizer replacement, production, quality, soil fertility, cabernet sauvignon

摘要：

为了明确生物有机肥替代化肥对‘赤霞珠’葡萄产量、品质与土壤肥力的影响，于2019—2020年设置传统水肥（CK）、优化水肥（Opt）及优化水肥中化肥氮的20%（B1）和40%（B2）分别由生物有机肥替代，比较不同处理下的土壤养分含量及葡萄的产量和品质。结果表明，优化水肥及施用生物有机肥替代部分化肥能较好地改善土壤理化性质，提升土壤肥力，促进葡萄生长。其中，B1处理可显著增加葡萄园经济效益，2年平均收益较CK提高33.59%；B2处理提升土壤肥力效果较好，与CK相比，成熟期0—40 cm土层的pH与硝态氮含量均有降低，有机质显著增加，与Opt处理相比，成熟期0—40 cm土层土壤的有效磷、速效钾含量分别显著提升109.90%、32.20%。由此表明，生物有机肥替代部分化肥是实现果园高效、安全、持续生产的有效途径。

关键词: 生物有机肥替代, 产量, 品质, 土壤肥力, 赤霞珠

CLC Number:

S663.1

Xiuli HAN, Jiawei LI, Jie ZHANG, Yanjie GUO, Lijuan ZHANG, Yanzhi JI. Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer Replacing Part of Chemical Fertilizer on Grape Growth and Soil Fertility[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(4): 195-205.

韩秀丽, 李嘉伟, 张杰, 郭艳杰, 张丽娟, 吉艳芝. 生物有机肥替代化肥对葡萄生长与土壤肥力的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(4): 195-205.

Figures/Tables 10

References 38

1	国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2021:1-945.
2	郭巨秋.河北省苹果园土壤养分状况与变化研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2020.
	GUO J Q. Study on soil nutrient status and change of apple orchard in Hebei province [D]. Baoding: Hebei Agriculture University, 2020.
3	FONTES J, YEBOAH E, OFORI P, et al.. Fertilizer and residue quality effects on organic matter stabilization in soil aggregates [J]. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 2009, 73(3):961-966.
4	寇长林,骆晓声,巨晓棠.优化施氮对设施番茄土壤硝态氮残留及土壤氮平衡的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2021,27(5):837-848.
	KOU C L, LUO X S, JU X T. Effects of optimal nitrogen fertilization on N balance and nitrate-N accumulation in greenhouse tomato fields [J]. Plant Nutr. Fert. Sci., 2021, 27(5):837-848.
5	仝倩倩,祝英,崔得领,等.我国微生物肥料发展现状及在蔬菜生产中的应用[J].中国土壤与肥料,2022(4):259-266.
	TONG Q Q, ZHU Y, CUI D L, et al.. The development status of microbial fertilizer in China and its application in vegetable planting [J]. Soil Fert. Sci. China, 2022(4):259-266.
6	倪幸,窦春英,丁立忠,等.有机物料对山核桃林地土壤的培肥改良效果[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(5):1266-1275.
	NI X, DOU C Y, DING L Z, et al.. Organic materials improved the soil fertility in Carya cathayensis forest lands [J]. Plant Nutr. Fert. Sci., 2018, 24(5):1266-1275.
7	周超.有机肥部分替代化学肥料对苹果园土壤养分和生物活性的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学, 2018.
	ZHOU C. Effect of partial substitution of organic fertilizers on soil nutrients and biological activity in apple orchard [D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2018.
8	申小冉,徐明岗,张文菊,等.长期不同施肥对土壤各粒级组分中氮含量及分配比例的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(5):1127-1134.
	SHEN X R, XU M G, ZHANG W J, et al.. Effect of various long-term fertilizations on soil nitrogen concentration and distribution percentage in particle-size fractions [J]. Plant Nutr. Fert. Sci., 2012, 18(5):1127-1134.
9	任静,刘小勇,韩富军,等.施氮水平对旱塬覆沙苹果园土壤酶活性及果实品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2019,35(8):206-213.
	REN J, LIU X Y, HAN F J, et al.. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer levels on soil enzyme activity and fruit quality of sand-covered apple orchard in Loess Plateau of Eastern Gansu [J]. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng., 2019, 35(8):206-213.
10	IQBAL A, HE L, ALI I, et al.. Manure combined with chemical fertilizer increases rice productivity by improving soil health, post-anthesis biomass yield, and nitrogen metabolism [J/OL]. PLoS One, 2020, 15(10):e0238934 [2022-09-15]. .
11	王慧,卜容燕,韩上,等.有机肥配施化肥对直播油菜产量及养分吸收利用的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2021(6):156-165.
	WANG H, BU R Y, HAN S, et al.. The effects of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer on the yields,nutrient uptake and utilization of direct-seeding rapeseed [J]. Soil Fert. Sci. Chin., 2021(6):156-165.
12	周喜荣,张丽萍,孙权,等.有机肥与化肥配施对果园土壤肥力及鲜食葡萄产量与品质的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2019,53(6):861-868.
	ZHOU X R, ZHANG L P, SUN Q, et al.. Effects of combined organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer on soil fertility in orchard and yield and quality of table grape [J]. J. Henan Agric.Univ., 2019, 53(6):861-868.
13	李水祥.有机肥替代部分化肥对蜜柚树体营养及果实品质的影响[D].福州:福建农林大学,2019.
	LI S X. Effects of chemical fertilizer partialy substituted by organicfertilizer on the nutrition and fruit quality of pomelo trees [D]. Fuzhou: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 2019.
14	SANJARIMIJANI M, SIROUSMEHR A R, FAKHERI B. The effects of drought stress and humic acid on morphological traits, yield and anthocyanin of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) [J]. Agroecology, 2016, 8(3):346-358.
15	刘璐.两种微生物菌剂对土壤特性及赤霞珠葡萄果实品质的影响[D].银川:宁夏大学, 2016.
	LIU L. Effects of two microbial agents on soil properties and Cabernet sauvignon grape quality [D]. Yinchuan: Ningxia University, 2016.
16	TOMIĆ J, PEŠAKOVIĆ M, MILIVOJEVIĆ J, et al.. How to improve strawberry productivity, nutrients composition, and beneficial rhizosphere microflora by biofertilization and mineral fertilization [J]. J. Plant Nutr., 2018, 41(13/16):2009-2021.
17	YUAN G, JIA C, LI Z, et al.. Effect of brassinosteroids on drought resistance and abscisic acid concentration in tomato under water stress [J]. Sci. Hortic., 2010, 126(2):103-108.
18	谢凯,宋晓晖,董彩霞,等.不同有机肥处理对黄冠梨生长及果园土壤性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(1):214-222.
	XIE K, SONG X H, DONG C X, et al.. Effects of different organic fertilizers on tree growth and soil property in Huangguan pear orchard [J]. Plant Nutr. Fert. Sci., 2013, 19(1): 214-222.
19	王志慧,马振朝,张丽娟,等.河北葡萄园施肥与土壤养分演变及其对产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2020(7):106-115.
	WANG Z H, MA Z C, ZHANG L J, et al.. Fertilization and soil nutrient evolution of vineyards in Hebei and its impact on yield [J]. Northern Hortic., 2020(7):106-115.
20	佟鑫,马振朝,张子涛,等.河北省赤霞珠葡萄土壤养分情况与叶片营养诊断分析[J].江苏农业科学,2021,49(13):146-151.
	TONG X, MA Z C, ZHANG Z T, et al.. Analysis of soil nutrients and leaf nutrition diagnosis of chaxia bead grapes in Hebei province [J]. Jiangsu Agric. Sci., 2021, 49(13):146-151.
21	鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:1-495.
22	牛雪,张军翔,徐国前.葡萄与葡萄酒中总酚测定方法的研究进展[J].食品与机械,2016(3):239-242.
	NIU X, ZHANG J X, XU G Q. Research progress on determination of total polyphenols in grape and wine [J]. Food Mach., 2016(3):239-242.
23	杨夫臣,吴江,程建徽,等.葡萄果皮花色素的提取及其理化性质[J].果树学报,2007,24(3):287-292.
	YANG F C, WU J, CHENG J H, et al.. Studies on extr action and physical-chemical properties of anthocyanin from Red Globe grape peel [J]. J. Fruit Sci., 2007, 24(3):287-292.
24	王华.葡萄与葡萄酒实验技术操作规范[M].西安:西安地图出版社,1999:1-327.
25	段鑫垚.不同行内覆盖处理对葡萄园土壤性质和葡萄果实品质的影响研究 [D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2021.
	DUAN X Y. Research on the influence of different in-row mulching treatments on soil properties and berry quality in vineyard [D]. Yangling: Northwest A&F University, 2021.
26	BOŻENA D, JACEK D, ANNA P, et al.. The impact of a bio-fertilizer on the soil organic matter status and carbon sequestration-results from a field-scale study [J]. J. Soil Sediment., 2016, 16(10):2335-2343.
27	YUAN G F, JIA C G, LI Z, et al.. Effect of brassinosteroids on drought resistance and abscisic acid concentration in tomato under water stress [J]. Sci. Hortic., 2010, 126(2):103-108.
28	杨雪,王添,谢永丽,等.解淀粉芽孢杆菌DGL1促燕麦生长分子机制及代谢通路探究[J].草地学报,2022,30(11):2899-2909.
	YANG X, WANG T, XIE Y L, et al.. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DGL1 promotes Avena sativa growth and the underlying molecular mechanism of metabolic pathways [J]. Acta Agrestia Sin., 2022, 30(11):2899-2909.
29	吴莉.贺兰山东麓不同品种酿酒葡萄与葡萄酒中酚类和香气物质积累的比较研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2020.
	WU L. Comparative study on the accumulation of phenols and aroma substances in different grape varieties and wines at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain [D]. Yinchuan: Ningxia University, 2020.
30	胡禧熙,王迪,鲁会玲,等.限根栽培模式对‘夏黑’葡萄园土壤pH及养分含量的影响[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2020(4):25-28.
	HU X X, WANG D, LU H L, et al.. Effect of root restriction cultivation pattern on soil pH and nutrient content of ‘Summer Black’ vineyard [J]. Sino-Overseas Grapevine Wine, 2020(4):25-28.
31	ZERIHUN A, MCCLYMONT L, LANYON D, et al.. Deconvoluting effects of vine and soil properties on grape berry composition [J]. J. Sci. Food. Agric., 2015, 95(1):193-203.
32	周娟,袁珍贵,郭莉莉,等.土壤酸化对作物生长发育的影响及改良措施[J].作物研究,2013,27(1):96-102.
33	LI J L, LIANG Y Y, LIU W J, et al.. Effects of manure substituting chemical nitrogen fertilizer on rubber seedling growth and soil environment [J]. J. Appl. Ecol., 2022, 33(2):431-438.
34	谢丽华,李玲玲,谢军红,等.有机肥替代化肥对陇中旱区玉米生长及农田碳排放的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2022,28(6):1029-1038.
	XIE L H, LI L L, XIE J H, et al.. Effects of substitution of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer on maize growth and field carbon emission in dry farming area of Longzhong, Gansu province [J]. Plant Nutr. Fert. Sci., 2022, 28(6):1029-1038.
35	赵健宇,王凤新,孟潮彪,等.生物有机肥对马铃薯产量与土壤氮循环作用机制研究[J].农业机械学报,2022,53(4):343-351.
	ZHAO J Y, WANG F X, MENG C B, et al.. Mechanism of bio-organic fertilizer on potato yield and soil nitrogen-cycling [J]. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Mach., 2022, 53(4):343-351.
36	岳文俊,张富仓,李志军,等.水氮耦合对甜瓜氮素吸收与土壤硝态氮累积的影响[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(2):88-96, 119.
	YUE W J, ZHANG F C, LI Z J, et al.. Effects of water and nitrogen coupling on nitrogen uptake of muskmelon and nitrate accumulation in soil [J]. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Mach., 2015, 46(2):88-96, 119.
37	宋建强,屈慧鸽,梁海忠,等.‘蛇龙珠’葡萄园土壤指标与葡萄酒理化指标相关性分析[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(6):863-870.
	SONG J Q, QU H G, LIANG H Z, et al.. Correlation analysis between soil indicators and physiochemical indexes of wine composition in ‘Cabernet Gernischt’vineyard [J]. Acta Agric. Bor-Occid. Sin., 2018, 27(6):863-870.
38	张筠筠.化肥减施对酿酒葡萄园土壤质量及酿酒葡萄产量品质的影响研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2019.
	ZHANG J J. Effect of fertilizer reduction on soil quality and wine grape quality and yield at the vineyard [D]. Yinchuan: Ningxia University, 2019.

处理 Treatment	养分投入 Nutrientinput/（kg·hm^-2）			生物有机肥 Bio-organic fertilizer/（kg·hm^-2）			灌水量 Amount of irrigation/m³
处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	灌水量 Amount of irrigation/m³
CK	176	118	222	0	0	0	1 080
Opt	147	98	185	0	0	0	840
B1	118	69	164	29	29	21	840
B2	89	40	143	58	58	42	840

处理 Treatment	养分投入 Nutrientinput/（kg·hm^-2）			生物有机肥 Bio-organic fertilizer/（kg·hm^-2）			灌水量 Amount of irrigation/m³
处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	灌水量 Amount of irrigation/m³
CK	176	118	222	0	0	0	1 080
Opt	147	98	185	0	0	0	840
B1	118	69	164	29	29	21	840
B2	89	40	143	58	58	42	840

处理 Treatment	总酚 Total phenol/（mg·g^-1）		单宁 Tannin/（mg·g^-1）		花色苷 Anthocyanin/（mg·g^-1）	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid/%	可滴定酸 Titratable aci/%	糖酸比 Sugar acid ratio
处理 Treatment	籽粒Grain	果皮Peel	籽粒Grain	果皮Peel	花色苷 Anthocyanin/（mg·g^-1）	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid/%	可滴定酸 Titratable aci/%	糖酸比 Sugar acid ratio
CK	28.37±8.19 ab	7.40±1.76 a	6.27±3.95 b	1.17±0.29 b	1.02±0.74 a	16.87±1.25 a	1.19±0.01 a	14.22±0.99 b
Opt	31.09±7.55 ab	6.91±1.37 a	12.07±4.31 ab	1.67±0.82 ab	1.02±0.27 a	16.97±0.67 a	1.23±0.18 a	13.99±2.17 b
B1	23.12±1.89 b	7.25±2.49 a	7.25±3.84 b	0.98±0.54 b	0.82±0.06 b	17.80±0.36 a	1.02±0.21 ab	18.04±3.88 ab
B2	21.05±5.31 b	6.80±1.40 a	15.35±4.45 a	2.21±0.86 a	1.10±0.25 a	17.17±1.85 a	0.87±0.07 b	19.70±0.53 a

处理 Treatment	总酚 Total phenol/（mg·g^-1）		单宁 Tannin/（mg·g^-1）		花色苷 Anthocyanin/（mg·g^-1）	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid/%	可滴定酸 Titratable aci/%	糖酸比 Sugar acid ratio
处理 Treatment	籽粒Grain	果皮Peel	籽粒Grain	果皮Peel	花色苷 Anthocyanin/（mg·g^-1）	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid/%	可滴定酸 Titratable aci/%	糖酸比 Sugar acid ratio
CK	28.37±8.19 ab	7.40±1.76 a	6.27±3.95 b	1.17±0.29 b	1.02±0.74 a	16.87±1.25 a	1.19±0.01 a	14.22±0.99 b
Opt	31.09±7.55 ab	6.91±1.37 a	12.07±4.31 ab	1.67±0.82 ab	1.02±0.27 a	16.97±0.67 a	1.23±0.18 a	13.99±2.17 b
B1	23.12±1.89 b	7.25±2.49 a	7.25±3.84 b	0.98±0.54 b	0.82±0.06 b	17.80±0.36 a	1.02±0.21 ab	18.04±3.88 ab
B2	21.05±5.31 b	6.80±1.40 a	15.35±4.45 a	2.21±0.86 a	1.10±0.25 a	17.17±1.85 a	0.87±0.07 b	19.70±0.53 a

生育期 Stage	处理Treatment	土层 Soil layer/cm
生育期 Stage	处理Treatment	0—20	20—40	40—60	60—80	80—100
萌芽期 Budding stage	CK	8.13±0.02αb	8.29±0.01 αa	8.31±0.02 αa	8.33±0.01 αb	8.39±0.03 αa
	Opt	8.09±0.06 αb	8.24±0.01 αa	8.27±0.02 αa	8.32±0.01 αa	8.34±0.01 αa
	B1	8.14±0.09 αa	8.26±0.04 αa	8.29±0.05 αa	8.33±0.04 αa	8.25±0.11 αa
	B2	8.11±0.07 αa	8.24±0.05 αa	8.27±0.01 αa	8.31±0.04 αa	8.33±0.11 αa
开花期 Flowering stage	CK	8.11±0.09 αb	8.31±0.05 αa	8.30±0.01 αa	8.28±0.05 αb	8.36±0.01 αa
	Opt	8.11±0.04 αb	8.28±0.05 αa	8.29±0.06 αa	8.29±0.06 αa	8.36±0.03 αa
	B1	8.07±0.06 αa	8.30±0.05 αa	8.26±0.04 αa	8.31±0.05 αa	8.28±0.04 αa
	B2	8.15±0.02 αa	8.19±0.06 αab	8.25±0.04 αa	8.29±0.04 αa	8.30±0.04 αa
膨大期 Expansion stage	CK	8.23±0.06 αb	8.33±0.07 αa	8.29±0.05 αa	8.29±0.06 αb	8.38±0.05 αa
	Opt	8.21±0.09 αab	8.39±0.16 αa	8.29±0.04 αa	8.25±0.04 αa	8.35±0.10 αa
	B1	8.07±0.03 αa	8.30±0.05 αa	8.26±0.07 αa	8.31±0.09 αa	8.28±0.09 αa
	B2	8.15±0.07 αa	8.19±0.07 αab	8.25±0.11 αa	8.29±0.03 αa	8.30±0.08 αa
成熟期 Mature stage	CK	8.35±0.06 αa	8.41±0.14 αa	8.33±0.14 αa	8.41±0.04 αa	8.33±0.04 αa
	Opt	8.26±0.07 αa	8.38±0.05 αa	8.31±0.05 αa	8.34±0.03 αa	8.31±0.09 αa
	B1	8.11±0.01 βa	8.16±0.06 βb	8.20±0.09 αa	8.27±0.15 αa	8.27±0.08 αa
	B2	7.97±0.04 γb	8.14±0.01 βb	8.21±0.05 αa	8.24±0.02 αa	8.25±0.04 αa