Abstract:

In order to clarify the genetic differences and characteristics of wheat germplasms at home and abroad， and analyze their utilization efficiency， 41 new wheat varieties （lines） in Huang-Huai wheat region and 28 wheat resources introduced from CIMMYT （International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center） were taking as materials. 11 agronomic and yield traits including plant height， tiller number per plant， kernels per spike， 1 000-kernel weight， yield per plant， etc.， and 6 grain quality traits including protein， gluten， etc.， were comprehensively evaluated. 69 varieties were comprehensively analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that 69 wheat germplasm resources had abundant phenotypic diversity. The variation coefficient of agronomic and yield traits ranged from 11.87% to 57.86%， with an average of 22.00%， and the diversity index ranged from 1.83 to 2.09， with an average of 2.00. The variation coefficient of quality traits ranged from 1.61% to 13.21%， with an average value of 6.10%， and the diversity index ranged from 1.83 to 2.06， with an average value of 1.98. The principal component analysis showed that the accumulating contribution rate of 6 principal components was 80.27%， which represented 80.27% of the total amount of information， and plant height， biomass， yield， quality and flag leaf could be used as the main indexes to evaluate the quality of resources. The comprehensive score （F value） showed that some excellent germplasm with excellent comprehensive performance were screened， such as CIMMYT18， CIMMYT5， CIMMYT7， Xinong 1125 and Xinmai 58 etc.；the scores of imported resources were higher than those of wheat varieties （lines） from Huang-Huai region， and the germplasms ranking 1 to 25 were imported resources， which had high utilizable value and great application prospect. The 69 wheat germplasm resources were divided into 4 groups， which the clustering results were closely related to the parental origin of the germplasm， and there were obvious differences among the various groups. Group Ⅳincluded 5 varieties in Huang-Huai region and 17 CIMMYT resources， which displayed high water absorption， protein content， gluten content， hardness and settlement value. Above results showed that 69 wheat germplasm had the genetic diversity characteristics， and the utilization value in agronomy， yield and quality， which provided a theoretical basis for the breeding of new wheat varieties and the expansion of genetic diversity.

Key words: Huang-Huai wheat region, CIMMYT, resources evaluation, agronomic traits, quality

摘要：

为了解国内外小麦种质的遗传多样性特征，综合分析其利用价值，以黄淮麦区新育的41份小麦品种（系）和从国际小麦玉米改良中心（International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center，CIMMYT）引进的28份小麦种质为材料，对株高、分蘖数、穗粒数、千粒重、产量等11个主要农艺和产量性状以及籽粒蛋白含量、面筋含量、沉降值等6个品质指标进行综合分析与评价。结果表明，69份小麦种质资源具有丰富的表型多样性。11个农艺和产量性状的变异系数为11.87%~57.86%，平均22.00%，多样性指数为1.83~2.09，平均2.00；6个品质性状的变异系数为1.61%~13.21%，平均6.10%，低于农艺和产量性状，多样性指数为1.83~2.06，平均1.98。主成分分析共提取到6个主成分，累积贡献率为80.27%，代表了69份种质资源的绝大部分信息，株高、生物量、产量、品质和旗叶性状可作为资源优良评判的主要指标。综合得分（F值）表明，CIMMYT18、CIMMYT5、CIMMYT7及西农1125、新麦58等综合表现优异；引进种质资源的评分整体较高，排名前25位的均为引进种质，表明其可利用价值高，应用前景较大。聚类分析将69份小麦种质资源划分为4个类群，聚类结果与种质的亲本来源关系紧密，类群间的农艺和产量性状差异较大。类群Ⅳ包含黄淮麦区品种5份、CIMMYT种质17份，表现为吸水率、蛋白质含量、面筋含量、硬度、沉降值均较高。以上研究结果明确了69份小麦种质的遗传多样性特点，以及其在农艺、产量及品质方面的利用价值，为小麦新品种的选育和遗传多样性的拓展提供理论依据。

关键词: 黄淮麦区, CIMMYT, 资源评价, 农艺性状, 品质性状