中国农业科技导报 ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (2): 136-144.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0886
许鑫1,2(), 马兆务1, 熊淑萍2, 马新明1,2(
), 程涛1, 李海洋1, 赵锦鹏1
收稿日期:
2020-10-22
接受日期:
2021-03-12
出版日期:
2022-02-15
发布日期:
2022-02-22
通讯作者:
马新明
作者简介:
许鑫 Email:xuxin468@163.com;
基金资助:
Xin XU1,2(), Zhaowu MA1, Shuping XIONG2, Xinming MA1,2(
), Tao CHENG1, Haiyang LI1, Jinpeng ZHAO1
Received:
2020-10-22
Accepted:
2021-03-12
Online:
2022-02-15
Published:
2022-02-22
Contact:
Xinming MA
摘要:
气候变化是影响小麦产量的重要因素,因此科学划分气候年型,对于准确预测小麦产量至关重要。利用河南省15个气象站点(市、县)1984—2018年的温度数据划分暖温年、平温年、冷温年,依据降雨数据划分湿年、平水年、干年,组合成9种气候年型并分析其规律;结合小麦产量数据划分出丰产年、平产年、低产年,分析气候年型和产量年型的关系。然后结合地形土壤、气象等因素把河南划分为豫北麦区、豫中东部麦区、豫西麦区、豫南麦区和南阳盆地5个麦区。在此基础上,利用HP滤波法分离出气象产量和趋势产量,以气象因子驱动并利用BP神经网络构建模型预测气象产量,利用一元线性回归模型建模得到趋势产量,把两者产量叠加得出实际产量,从而实现小麦产量的预测。结果表明:河南省积温年型以暖温年、正常年型为主,降雨年型分布比较均匀,气候年型中以正常年和干年为主,暖湿年小麦高产频率最高,为76.9%,冷湿年小麦低产频率最高,为67.9%;积温是影响小麦产量波动的主要因素,暖年年型下小麦更容易丰产,冷年时小麦低产概率较高;利用气象产量和趋势产量分别建模叠加得出的小麦产量和实际产量相比,豫北、豫中东、豫西、豫南和南阳盆地五大麦区各模型的平均相对误差分别为0.31%、0.36%、0.58%、0.48%、0.38%,说明利用HP滤波和BP神经网络技术预测小麦产量是可行的。
中图分类号:
许鑫, 马兆务, 熊淑萍, 马新明, 程涛, 李海洋, 赵锦鹏. 基于气候年型的河南省冬小麦产量预测[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(2): 136-144.
Xin XU, Zhaowu MA, Shuping XIONG, Xinming MA, Tao CHENG, Haiyang LI, Jinpeng ZHAO. Wheat Yield Forecast in Henan Province Based on Climate Year Type[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(2): 136-144.
地区 Region | 播种期 Sowing date | 越冬期 Overwinter period | 拔节期 Joint stage | 抽穗期 Head date | 开花期 Flower period | 成熟期 Mature period |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
郑州 Zhengzhou | 10/13 | 12/21 | 03/21 | 04/21 | 04/26 | 06/01 |
安阳 Anyang | 10/09 | 12/19 | 03/28 | 04/18 | 04/28 | 06/05 |
新乡 Xinxiang | 10/10 | 12/19 | 03/24 | 04/17 | 04/26 | 06/03 |
三门峡 Sanmenxia | 10/08 | 12/19 | 03/22 | 04/19 | 04/29 | 05/30 |
孟津 Mengjin | 10/12 | 12/20 | 03/25 | 04/19 | 04/28 | 05/31 |
许昌 Xuchang | 10/11 | 12/21 | 03/20 | 04/20 | 04/27 | 06/01 |
开封 Kaifeng | 10/12 | 12/21 | 03/19 | 04/19 | 04/28 | 05/31 |
西峡 Xixia | 10/18 | 12/22 | 03/10 | 04/10 | 04/20 | 05/28 |
南阳 Nanyang | 10/18 | 12/22 | 03/11 | 04/10 | 04/21 | 05/27 |
宝丰 Baofeng | 10/15 | 12/20 | 03/20 | 04/14 | 04/25 | 06/01 |
西华 Xihua | 10/13 | 12/21 | 03/21 | 04/17 | 04/28 | 06/02 |
驻马店 Zhumadian | 10/18 | 12/21 | 03/17 | 04/12 | 04/22 | 05/30 |
信阳 Xinyang | 10/20 | 12/22 | 03/10 | 04/07 | 04/16 | 05/26 |
商丘 Shangqiu | 10/14 | 12/21 | 03/21 | 04/20 | 04/28 | 06/02 |
固始 Gushi | 10/22 | 12/22 | 03/12 | 04/10 | 04/20 | 05/26 |
表1 河南各地小麦各生育期时间表 (m/d)
Table 1 Schedule of wheat growth stages in Henan Province
地区 Region | 播种期 Sowing date | 越冬期 Overwinter period | 拔节期 Joint stage | 抽穗期 Head date | 开花期 Flower period | 成熟期 Mature period |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
郑州 Zhengzhou | 10/13 | 12/21 | 03/21 | 04/21 | 04/26 | 06/01 |
安阳 Anyang | 10/09 | 12/19 | 03/28 | 04/18 | 04/28 | 06/05 |
新乡 Xinxiang | 10/10 | 12/19 | 03/24 | 04/17 | 04/26 | 06/03 |
三门峡 Sanmenxia | 10/08 | 12/19 | 03/22 | 04/19 | 04/29 | 05/30 |
孟津 Mengjin | 10/12 | 12/20 | 03/25 | 04/19 | 04/28 | 05/31 |
许昌 Xuchang | 10/11 | 12/21 | 03/20 | 04/20 | 04/27 | 06/01 |
开封 Kaifeng | 10/12 | 12/21 | 03/19 | 04/19 | 04/28 | 05/31 |
西峡 Xixia | 10/18 | 12/22 | 03/10 | 04/10 | 04/20 | 05/28 |
南阳 Nanyang | 10/18 | 12/22 | 03/11 | 04/10 | 04/21 | 05/27 |
宝丰 Baofeng | 10/15 | 12/20 | 03/20 | 04/14 | 04/25 | 06/01 |
西华 Xihua | 10/13 | 12/21 | 03/21 | 04/17 | 04/28 | 06/02 |
驻马店 Zhumadian | 10/18 | 12/21 | 03/17 | 04/12 | 04/22 | 05/30 |
信阳 Xinyang | 10/20 | 12/22 | 03/10 | 04/07 | 04/16 | 05/26 |
商丘 Shangqiu | 10/14 | 12/21 | 03/21 | 04/20 | 04/28 | 06/02 |
固始 Gushi | 10/22 | 12/22 | 03/12 | 04/10 | 04/20 | 05/26 |
异常度 Abnormality | 积温年型 Temperature year type | 距平百分率 Anomaly percentage | 降雨年型 Rainfall year type | 多年平均值 Multiyear average | 产量年型 Yield year type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C>1 | 暖温年 Warm year | ΔR>15% | 湿年 Wet year | Y>20%Δy | 丰产年 High year |
-1≤C≤1 | 平温年 Normal year | -15%≤ΔR≤15% | 平水年 Normal year | Y=20%Δy | 平产年 Average year |
C<-1 | 冷温年 Cold years | ΔR<-15% | 干年 Dry year | Y<20%Δy | 低产年 Low year |
表2 积温、降雨、产量年型划分等级
Table 2 Annual classification of accumulated temperature, rainfall and yield
异常度 Abnormality | 积温年型 Temperature year type | 距平百分率 Anomaly percentage | 降雨年型 Rainfall year type | 多年平均值 Multiyear average | 产量年型 Yield year type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C>1 | 暖温年 Warm year | ΔR>15% | 湿年 Wet year | Y>20%Δy | 丰产年 High year |
-1≤C≤1 | 平温年 Normal year | -15%≤ΔR≤15% | 平水年 Normal year | Y=20%Δy | 平产年 Average year |
C<-1 | 冷温年 Cold years | ΔR<-15% | 干年 Dry year | Y<20%Δy | 低产年 Low year |
麦区 Wheat area | 地区 Region | 积温 Accumulated temperature/℃ | 日照时间 Sunshine time/h | 降雨 Rainfall/mm |
---|---|---|---|---|
豫北麦区 Wheat area in North Henan | 安阳Anyang 新乡Xinxiang | 1 834~2 553 | 1 375~1 690 | 58~278 |
豫西麦区 Wheat area in western Henan | 三门峡Sanmenxia 孟津Mengjin | 1 944~2 530 | 1 220~1 472 | 95~348 |
豫中东部麦区 Wheat area in the east of central Henan | 郑州Zhengzhou 许昌Xuchang 宝丰Baofeng 西华Xihua 开封Kaifeng 商丘Shangqiu | 1 881~2 681 | 1 288~1 513 | 75~542 |
豫南麦区 Wheat area in South Henan | 驻马店Zhumadian 信阳Xinyang 固始Gushi | 1 892~2 764 | 1 246~1 385 | 133~805 |
南阳盆地麦区 Wheat area of Nanyang Basin | 南阳Nanyang 西峡Xixia | 1 875~2 551 | 1 021~1 376 | 102~572 |
表3 河南小麦种植生态类型区划分
Table 3 Division of wheat planting ecological types in Henan Province
麦区 Wheat area | 地区 Region | 积温 Accumulated temperature/℃ | 日照时间 Sunshine time/h | 降雨 Rainfall/mm |
---|---|---|---|---|
豫北麦区 Wheat area in North Henan | 安阳Anyang 新乡Xinxiang | 1 834~2 553 | 1 375~1 690 | 58~278 |
豫西麦区 Wheat area in western Henan | 三门峡Sanmenxia 孟津Mengjin | 1 944~2 530 | 1 220~1 472 | 95~348 |
豫中东部麦区 Wheat area in the east of central Henan | 郑州Zhengzhou 许昌Xuchang 宝丰Baofeng 西华Xihua 开封Kaifeng 商丘Shangqiu | 1 881~2 681 | 1 288~1 513 | 75~542 |
豫南麦区 Wheat area in South Henan | 驻马店Zhumadian 信阳Xinyang 固始Gushi | 1 892~2 764 | 1 246~1 385 | 133~805 |
南阳盆地麦区 Wheat area of Nanyang Basin | 南阳Nanyang 西峡Xixia | 1 875~2 551 | 1 021~1 376 | 102~572 |
图3 不同气候年型下产量年型频率注:CD—冷干年;C—冷年;CW—冷湿年;D—干年;W—湿年;wD—暖干年;w—暖年;wW—暖湿年。
Fig.3 Frenquency of yield year in different climate yearNote: CD—Cold-dry year; C—Cold year; CW—Cold-wet year; W—Wet year; wD—Warm-dry year; w—Warm year; wW—Warm-wet year.
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