生草对苹果园小气候环境及苹果叶片的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0067

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究生草对干旱荒漠区果园小气候环境及苹果叶片的影响，对皮山农场苹果园生草设置清耕与自然生草2个处理，运用灰色关联度分析法对2个处理下苹果园上、中、下冠层小气候环境指标进行综合评价。结果表明，与清耕处理相比，自然生草处理下苹果树冠中层日平均气温降低0.2 ℃，日平均空气相对湿度增加1个百分点，日平均光照强度降低2 132 lx，苹果树冠下层日平均风速降低0.05 m·s^-1。自然生草处理地下5、10、15、20、25 cm处土壤日平均温度分别比清耕处理降低0.7、0.6、0.5、0.3、0.2 ℃。灰色关联度分析表明，自然生草处理对苹果园上、中、下冠层小气候环境的调节作用均优于清耕处理，冠层越低调节作用越明显。自然生草处理苹果叶片的叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶厚、叶鲜重、比叶重及叶绿素含量较清耕处理明显增加，日平均叶温降低0.68 ℃。通径分析发现，清耕处理苹果叶温比自然生草处理更易受果园小气候因子的影响。研究结果可为我国干旱荒漠区果园生草技术的进一步推广提供科学参考。

关键词: 干旱荒漠区, 苹果, 自然生草, 小气候环境, 叶片

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of grass on the microclimate environment and apple leaves in the orchard of Pishan farm， two treatments of clean tillage and natural grass were set， the upper， middle and lower canopy microclimate environment indexes of apples under the two treatments were evaluated by using grey relational analysis method. The results showed that compared with clean tillage treatment， under natural grass treatment the average daily air temperature in the middle canopy of apple tree canopy was decreased by 0.2 ℃， the average daily relative humidity of air was increased by 1 percentage point， the average daily light intensity was decreased by 2 132 lx， and the average daily wind speed in the lower canopy was decreased by 0.05 m·s^-1. The average daily soil temperature at 5， 10， 15， 20 and 25 cm underground under natural grass treatment decreased by 0.7， 0.6， 0.5， 0.3 and 0.2 ℃， respectively， compared with that under clean tillage treatment. Grey correlation analysis showed that natural grass treatment had better regulating effect on the microclimate environment of the upper， middle and lower canopy than that of clean tillage treatment， and the lower the canopy， the more obvious the regulating effect was. The leaf length， leaf width， leaf area， leaf thickness， fresh leaf weight， specific leaf weight and chlorophyll content of apple leaves under natural grass treatment were significantly increased compared with that under clean tillage treatment， and the average daily leaf temperature was decreased by 0.68 ℃. Path analysis showed that the leaf temperature of apple under clean tillage treatment was more affected by microclimate factors than that under natural grass treatment. The results could provide scientific reference for the further popularization of grass growing technology in orchards in arid and desert areas in China.

Key words: arid desert area, apple, natural grass, microclimate environment, leaf

中图分类号:

S661.1

陈俊, 张琦, 杨梦宇, 袁振杨. 生草对苹果园小气候环境及苹果叶片的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(12): 158-167.

Jun CHEN, Qi ZHANG, Mengyu YANG, Zhenyang YUAN. Effects of Growing Grass on Microclimate Environment and Apple Leaves in Apple Orchard[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(12): 158-167.

图/表 7

参考文献 26

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冠层 Canopy	处理 Treatment	气温 Air temperature	空气相对湿度Relative humidity of air	光照强度 Light intensity	风速 Wind speed	加权关联度Weighted relevance	加权关联序Weighted correlation order
上层Super stratum	清耕Clean tillage	0.086 4	0.073 9	0.095 7	0.123 7	0.094 9	6
上层Super stratum	自然生草Natural grass	0.129 4	0.085 1	0.103 4	0.131 0	0.112 2	5
中层Middle layer	清耕Clean tillage	0.106 6	0.083 1	0.176 5	0.139 1	0.126 3	3
中层Middle layer	自然生草Natural grass	0.181 9	0.103 8	0.157 4	0.211 7	0.163 7	2
下层Sub stratum	清耕Clean tillage	0.127 4	0.099 3	0.106 7	0.159 0	0.123 1	4
下层Sub stratum	自然生草Natural grass	0.255 2	0.221 7	0.101 9	0.317 0	0.223 9	1
权重Weight		0.256 6	0.221 8	0.180 4	0.341 2	—	—

冠层 Canopy	处理 Treatment	气温 Air temperature	空气相对湿度Relative humidity of air	光照强度 Light intensity	风速 Wind speed	加权关联度Weighted relevance	加权关联序Weighted correlation order
上层Super stratum	清耕Clean tillage	0.086 4	0.073 9	0.095 7	0.123 7	0.094 9	6
上层Super stratum	自然生草Natural grass	0.129 4	0.085 1	0.103 4	0.131 0	0.112 2	5
中层Middle layer	清耕Clean tillage	0.106 6	0.083 1	0.176 5	0.139 1	0.126 3	3
中层Middle layer	自然生草Natural grass	0.181 9	0.103 8	0.157 4	0.211 7	0.163 7	2
下层Sub stratum	清耕Clean tillage	0.127 4	0.099 3	0.106 7	0.159 0	0.123 1	4
下层Sub stratum	自然生草Natural grass	0.255 2	0.221 7	0.101 9	0.317 0	0.223 9	1
权重Weight		0.256 6	0.221 8	0.180 4	0.341 2	—	—

处理 Treatment	变量Variable	直接作用 Direct action	间接作用Indirect action					决策系数Decision coefficient
处理 Treatment	变量Variable	直接作用 Direct action	气温 Air temperature	空气相对湿度Relative humidity of air	光照强度Light intensity	土壤温度 Soil temperature	合计Total	决策系数Decision coefficient
清耕 Clean tillage	气温 Air temperature	-0.539	—	0.324	1.219	-0.047	1.496	-1.322
	空气相对湿度 Relative humidity of air	-0.418	0.417	—	-0.889	0.047	-0.425	0.531
	光照强度 Light intensity	1.247	-0.527	0.298	—	-0.046	-0.275	0.869
	土壤温度 Soil temperature	-0.051	-0.499	0.386	1.133	—	1.020	-0.101
自然生草 Natural grass	气温 Air temperature	-0.890	—	0.211	1.745	-0.126	1.829	-2.463
	空气相对湿度 Relative humidity of air	-0.286	0.657	—	-1.272	0.145	-0.471	0.351
	光照强度 Light intensity	1.780	-0.872	0.204	—	-0.128	-0.795	0.337
	土壤温度 Soil temperature	-0.150	-0.748	0.276	1.511	—	1.038	-0.290

处理 Treatment	变量Variable	直接作用 Direct action	间接作用Indirect action					决策系数Decision coefficient
处理 Treatment	变量Variable	直接作用 Direct action	气温 Air temperature	空气相对湿度Relative humidity of air	光照强度Light intensity	土壤温度 Soil temperature	合计Total	决策系数Decision coefficient
清耕 Clean tillage	气温 Air temperature	-0.539	—	0.324	1.219	-0.047	1.496	-1.322
	空气相对湿度 Relative humidity of air	-0.418	0.417	—	-0.889	0.047	-0.425	0.531
	光照强度 Light intensity	1.247	-0.527	0.298	—	-0.046	-0.275	0.869
	土壤温度 Soil temperature	-0.051	-0.499	0.386	1.133	—	1.020	-0.101
自然生草 Natural grass	气温 Air temperature	-0.890	—	0.211	1.745	-0.126	1.829	-2.463
	空气相对湿度 Relative humidity of air	-0.286	0.657	—	-1.272	0.145	-0.471	0.351
	光照强度 Light intensity	1.780	-0.872	0.204	—	-0.128	-0.795	0.337
	土壤温度 Soil temperature	-0.150	-0.748	0.276	1.511	—	1.038	-0.290

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