喷施化学打顶剂对关中棉区棉花植株生长的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0820

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究喷施化学打顶剂对关中地区棉花的影响，选用‘中棉619’和‘西农606’为试验材料，于2019—2020年开展棉田打顶试验。以常规人工打顶处理为对照（CK），研究缩节胺复合型（T1）、氟节胺复合型（T2）2种化学打顶剂对不同棉花品种株高、株宽、果枝台数、冠层上部果枝长度、棉铃空间分布、棉花生理活性、产量构成因素及棉花纤维品质的影响。结果表明，与人工打顶相比，喷施化学打顶剂处理棉花的株高和果枝台数显著增加；株宽和冠层上部果枝长度显著降低；棉花冠层上部铃数、单株铃数和籽棉产量显著增加；叶片过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性显著增加，丙二醛含量显著降低。其中，缩节胺复合型化学打顶剂效果更显著。在不同棉花品种间，喷施化学打顶剂对‘中棉619’效果较大。综上所述，棉花化学打顶能塑造良好株型，改善棉铃空间分布，增强植株的抗氧化和抗早衰能力，提高棉花产量，且对棉花纤维品质无显著影响。在本试验条件下，‘中棉619’喷施缩节胺复合型化学打顶剂效果显著。

关键词: 棉花, 化学打顶, 植株形态, 生理活性, 产量, 纤维品质

Abstract:

To gain insight into the effect of chemical detopping on cotton in Guanzhong area， ‘Zhongmian 619’ and ‘Xinong 606’ were as materials， and a field experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2020. Using conventional manual detopping cotton as a control （CK）， two chemical detopping agents， mepiquat chloride compound and flumetralin compound， were studied. The plant height， plant width， number of sympodial branches， the length of upper sympodial branch in plant， bolls spatial distribution， cotton physiological activity， yield components and fiber quality were measured. The result showed that， compared with CK， the chemical detopping increased plant height， number of sympodial branches， number of bolls in the upper part of the cotton canopy， number of bolls per plant and seed-cotton yield， while decreased plant width and length of upper sympodial branches. Compared with CK， the activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutone of T1 and T2 treatments increased significantly， but the malonaldehyde content decreased significantly. Among chemical detopping treatments， the effect of the mepiquat chloride compound was more significant. Among cotton varieties， spraying of chemical detopping agent had a greater effect on ‘Zhongmian 619’. In conclusion， chemical detopping modified the cotton plant architecture， improved the spatial distribution of cotton bolls， enhanced the anti-oxidation and anti-premature aging ability of cotton， and ultimately increased crop yield without significant decrease of fiber quality. Under the conditions of this experiment， the effect of mepiquat chloride compound was the most significant for ‘Zhongmian 619’.

Key words: cotton, chemical detopping, plant architecture, physiological activity, yield, fiber quality

中图分类号:

S562

孙正冉, 张翠萍, 张晋丽, 吴昊, 刘秀艳, 王振凯, 杨玉珍, 贺道华. 喷施化学打顶剂对关中棉区棉花植株生长的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(4): 167-177.

Zhengran SUN, Cuiping ZHANG, Jinli ZHANG, Hao WU, Xiuyan LIU, Zhenkai WANG, Yuzhen YANG, Daohua HE. Effects of Chemical Detopping on Cotton Plant Growth in Guanzhong Cotton Region[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(4): 167-177.

图/表 10

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年 Year	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	倒4果枝 Converse fourth fruiting branch	倒3果枝 Converse third fruiting branch	倒2果枝 Converse second fruiting branch	倒1果枝 Converse first fruiting branch
2019	中棉619 Zhongmian 619	T1	16.82±0.16 c	10.76±0.29 b	7.52±0.14 c	6.52±0.16 c
		T2	17.68±0.29 b	10.78±0.26 b	8.52±0.14 b	7.73±0.13 b
		CK	22.46±0.22 a	21.97±0.30 a	20.34±0.18 a	15.72±0.14 a
	西农606 Xinong 606	T1	16.30±0.36 b	10.56±0.21 c	8.44±0.18 c	7.44±0.19 b
		T2	17.22±0.27 b	11.68±0.18 b	9.32±0.12 b	7.72±0.12 b
		CK	23.08±0.31 a	20.40±0.27 a	19.88±0.21 a	13.92±0.21 a
2020	中棉619 Zhongmian 619	T1	15.44±0.18 c	12.24±0.16 b	10.28±0.14 c	7.60±0.19 b
		T2	16.72±0.19 b	12.73±0.17 b	11.34±0.16 b	8.18±0.16 b
		CK	24.24±0.28 a	21.62±0.31 a	20.20±0.21 a	18.26±0.20 a
	西农606 Xinong 606	T1	15.10±0.15 b	11.86±0.17 c	10.70±0.16 c	8.18±0.16 b
		T2	15.36±0.20 b	13.10±0.19 b	12.20±0.19 b	8.26±0.09 b
		CK	23.24±0.17 a	22.22±0.26 a	21.18±0.23 a	16.20±0.19 a

年 Year	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	倒4果枝 Converse fourth fruiting branch	倒3果枝 Converse third fruiting branch	倒2果枝 Converse second fruiting branch	倒1果枝 Converse first fruiting branch
2019	中棉619 Zhongmian 619	T1	16.82±0.16 c	10.76±0.29 b	7.52±0.14 c	6.52±0.16 c
		T2	17.68±0.29 b	10.78±0.26 b	8.52±0.14 b	7.73±0.13 b
		CK	22.46±0.22 a	21.97±0.30 a	20.34±0.18 a	15.72±0.14 a
	西农606 Xinong 606	T1	16.30±0.36 b	10.56±0.21 c	8.44±0.18 c	7.44±0.19 b
		T2	17.22±0.27 b	11.68±0.18 b	9.32±0.12 b	7.72±0.12 b
		CK	23.08±0.31 a	20.40±0.27 a	19.88±0.21 a	13.92±0.21 a
2020	中棉619 Zhongmian 619	T1	15.44±0.18 c	12.24±0.16 b	10.28±0.14 c	7.60±0.19 b
		T2	16.72±0.19 b	12.73±0.17 b	11.34±0.16 b	8.18±0.16 b
		CK	24.24±0.28 a	21.62±0.31 a	20.20±0.21 a	18.26±0.20 a
	西农606 Xinong 606	T1	15.10±0.15 b	11.86±0.17 c	10.70±0.16 c	8.18±0.16 b
		T2	15.36±0.20 b	13.10±0.19 b	12.20±0.19 b	8.26±0.09 b
		CK	23.24±0.17 a	22.22±0.26 a	21.18±0.23 a	16.20±0.19 a

年 Year	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	铃数Number of bolls
年 Year	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	下部Lower	中部Middle	上部Upper
2019	中棉619 Zhongmian 619	T1	3.6±0.45 a	2.8±0.36 a	4.7±0.21 a
		T2	3.8±0.29 a	2.8±0.25 a	4.6±0.37 a
		CK	3.7±0.34 a	2.6±0.27 a	2.5±0.27 b
	西农606 Xinong 606	T1	3.7±0.26 a	3.5±0.34 a	5.8±0.59 a
		T2	3.3±0.37 a	3.1±0.31 a	4.3±0.42 ab
		CK	3.7±0.21 a	3.4±0.37 a	3.0±0.39 b
2020	中棉619 Zhongmian 619	T1	3.0±0.18 a	2.4±0.31 a	5.6±0.71 a
		T2	2.7±0.16 a	2.5±0.22 a	4.7±0.97 ab
		CK	3.1±0.21 a	2.6±0.22 a	2.9±0.46 b
	西农606 Xinong 606	T1	2.7±0.63 a	3.2±0.57 a	5.3±0.37 a
		T2	3.1±0.23 a	3.3±0.40 a	4.8±0.29 a
		CK	2.8±0.20 a	3.1±0.28 a	3.7±0.26 a

年 Year	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	铃数Number of bolls
年 Year	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	下部Lower	中部Middle	上部Upper
2019	中棉619 Zhongmian 619	T1	3.6±0.45 a	2.8±0.36 a	4.7±0.21 a
		T2	3.8±0.29 a	2.8±0.25 a	4.6±0.37 a
		CK	3.7±0.34 a	2.6±0.27 a	2.5±0.27 b
	西农606 Xinong 606	T1	3.7±0.26 a	3.5±0.34 a	5.8±0.59 a
		T2	3.3±0.37 a	3.1±0.31 a	4.3±0.42 ab
		CK	3.7±0.21 a	3.4±0.37 a	3.0±0.39 b
2020	中棉619 Zhongmian 619	T1	3.0±0.18 a	2.4±0.31 a	5.6±0.71 a
		T2	2.7±0.16 a	2.5±0.22 a	4.7±0.97 ab
		CK	3.1±0.21 a	2.6±0.22 a	2.9±0.46 b
	西农606 Xinong 606	T1	2.7±0.63 a	3.2±0.57 a	5.3±0.37 a
		T2	3.1±0.23 a	3.3±0.40 a	4.8±0.29 a
		CK	2.8±0.20 a	3.1±0.28 a	3.7±0.26 a

年 Year	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	单铃重 Boll weight/g	单株铃数 Bolls per plant	收获株数Plant number / （10⁴·hm^-2）	衣分 Lint percent/%	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield/（kg·hm^-2）
2019	中棉619 Zhongmian 619	T1	5.54±0.32 a	11.1±0.96 a	6.00±0.56 a	42.05±0.92 a	3 689.64±327.89 a
		T2	5.52±0.27 a	10.9±1.13 a	6.20±0.43 a	40.51±1.11 a	3 730.42±172.68 a
		CK	5.57±0.43 a	8.8±1.06 b	6.22±0.62 a	40.68±0.76 a	3 216.12±234.76 b
2020	西农606 Xinong 606	T1	5.67±0.26 a	13.0±0.74 a	4.82±0.45 a	40.49±0.87 a	3 552.82±345.78 a
		T2	5.72±0.36 a	10.7±0.98 b	4.91±0.33 a	40.36±0.75 a	3 005.29±453.65 b
		CK	5.62±0.22 a	10.1±0.95 c	5.09±0.48 a	41.21±0.94 a	2 889.24±263.27 b
2019	中棉619 Zhongmian 619	T1	5.60±0.17 a	11.8±1.24 a	5.32±0.57 a	39.77±0.86 a	3 613.55±413.26 a
		T2	5.84±0.25 a	11.0±1.16 a	5.44±0.46 a	40.63±0.84 a	3 479.48±223.45 b
		CK	5.65±0.34 a	9.6±0.98 b	5.37±0.67 a	39.83±1.06 a	3 075.15±254.34 c
2020	西农606 Xinong 606	T1	5.64±0.35 a	10.7±0.94 a	5.43±0.48 a	40.65±0.94 a	3 187.52±234.16 a
		T2	5.72±0.27 a	10.0±1.17 a	5.53±0.44 a	40.84±0.86 a	3 176.96±337.28 a
		CK	5.68±0.22 a	9.4±0.86 b	5.64±0.32 a	40.39±0.95 a	2 852.12±234.16 c