增氧水输入对沙土土壤氮素硝化与矿化的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0534

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 194-205.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0534

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

增氧水输入对沙土土壤氮素硝化与矿化的影响

赵玉鹏¹^,²(), 冯耀祖³(), 王治国¹, 付彦博¹^,⁴, 陈波浪², 扁青永⁴, 饶晓娟⁵

^1.新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所，乌鲁木齐 830000
^2.新疆农业大学，乌鲁木齐 830000
^3.新疆农业科学院科技成果转化中心，乌鲁木齐 830000
^4.新疆农业科学院拜城农业试验站，国家土壤质量阿克苏观测试验站，新疆阿克苏 843000
^5.新疆农业职业技术学院，新疆昌吉 831100

收稿日期:2023-07-10 接受日期:2024-03-01 出版日期:2025-03-15 发布日期:2025-03-14
通讯作者: 冯耀祖
作者简介:赵玉鹏 E-mail：1422289169@qq.com；
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32260066);新疆维吾尔自治区重点基金项目(2022D01D45);新疆农业科学院青年科技骨干创新能力培养项目(xjnkq-2023039)

Effect of Oxygenated Water Input on Nitrogen Nitrification and Mineralization in Sandy Soil

Yupeng ZHAO¹^,²(), Yaozu FENG³(), Zhiguo WANG¹, Yanbo FU¹^,⁴, Bolang CHEN², Qingyong BIAN⁴, Xiaojuan RAO⁵

^1.Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Saving，Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Urumqi 830000，China
^2.Xinjiang Agricultural University，Urumqi 830000，China
^3.Center for Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements，Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Urumqi 830000，China
^4.National Soil Quality Aksu Observation and Experiment Station，Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Baicheng County Agricultural Experiment Station，Xinjiang Aksu 843000，China
^5.Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational and Technical College，Xinjiang Changji 831100，China

Received:2023-07-10 Accepted:2024-03-01 Online:2025-03-15 Published:2025-03-14
Contact: Yaozu FENG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为分析增氧水输入对沙土土壤氮素转化的影响，采用室内土壤培养试验方法研究常规水（SCK）、自然空气供氧曝气增氧（SD1）、33%增氧供氧曝气增氧（SD2）和90%增氧供氧曝气增氧（SD3）4种不同增氧水输入对沙土土壤硝化作用和矿化作用的影响，利用硝化动力学方程评价硝态氮（NO $3 -$ -N）和铵态氮（NH $4 +$ -N）含量的动态变化特征，比较NH $4 +$ -N初始消耗速率（V₀）、最大消耗速率（V_max）、达到最大消耗速率所用时间（T_Vmax）变化。结果表明，在4个处理中，SD3处理的V₀最大，为2.79 mg·kg^-1·d^-1，T_Vmax最短，为3.56 d；相同增氧条件下，沙土土壤净氮矿化量和硝化率随时间的增加呈上升趋势，而沙土土壤净氮矿化速率和净硝化速率随时间的增加呈下降趋势；在同一培养时间下，沙土土壤净氮矿化量、净氮矿化速率、硝化率以及净硝化速率的变化趋势均表现为SCK<SD1<SD2<SD3，培养49 d时，SD3处理的土壤净氮矿化量达到18.83 mg·kg^-1，是SCK（1.86 mg·kg^-1）的10.12倍。综上可知，以90%增氧供氧曝气增氧（SD3）处理氮素转化效果最好。研究结果为大田中关于不同增氧处理对不同土壤类型氧氮影响的研究提供理论依据。

关键词: 增氧水输入, 硝化, 矿化, 沙土

Abstract:

To study the effect of oxygenated water input on nitrogen transformation in sandy soil， using indoor soil cultivation experiments， the effects of 4 different oxygenated water inputs， namely conventional water （SCK）， natural air oxygenation and aeration （SD1）， 33% oxygenation and aeration （SD2） and 90% oxygenation and aeration （SD3）， on the nitrification and mineralization of sandy soil were studied. The dynamic changes in nitrate nitrogen （NO $3 -$ -N） and ammonium nitrogen （NH $4 +$ -N） content were evaluated using nitrification kinetics equations， and the initial consumption rate（V₀），the maximum consumption rate（V_max） of NH $4 +$ -N and the time it taking to reach the maximum consumption rate （T_Vmax）were compared. The results showed that among the 4 treatments， the V₀ of SD3 treatment was the highest， which was 2.79 mg·kg^-1·d^-1，and the T_Vmax was the shortest，which was 3.56 d. Under the same oxygenation conditions， the net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rate of sandy soil showed an increasing trend with time， while the net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rates of sandy soil showed a decreasing trend with time. Under the same cultivation period， the changes in net nitrogen mineralization， net nitrogen mineralization rate， nitrification rate and net nitrification rate of sandy soil all showed a relationship with SCK<SD1<SD2<SD3 . After 49 d of cultivation， the net nitrogen mineralization of SD3 treatment reached 18.83 mg·kg^-1， which was 10.12 times that of SCK treatment （1.86 mg·kg^-1）. From the perspective of different treatment effects， the nitrogen conversion effect is best when using 90% oxygenation and aeration（SD3）. Above results provided a theoretical basis for studying the effects of different oxygen enrichment treatments on different soil types of oxygen and nitrogen in the field.

Key words: oxygenated water input, nitrification, mineralization, sandy soil

中图分类号:

S210.5

赵玉鹏, 冯耀祖, 王治国, 付彦博, 陈波浪, 扁青永, 饶晓娟. 增氧水输入对沙土土壤氮素硝化与矿化的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(3): 194-205.

Yupeng ZHAO, Yaozu FENG, Zhiguo WANG, Yanbo FU, Bolang CHEN, Qingyong BIAN, Xiaojuan RAO. Effect of Oxygenated Water Input on Nitrogen Nitrification and Mineralization in Sandy Soil[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(3): 194-205.

图/表 14

图1 矿化培养过程中不同处理的NO3--N含量注：不同小写字母表示相同培养时间不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 1 NO3--N content during mineralization culture in different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments in same culture time at P <0.05 level.

表1 矿化培养NO3--N和NH4+-N含量结果方差分析

Table 1 Analysis of variance of results of NO3--N and NH4+-N content in mineralized culture

指标 Index	变异来源 Source of variation		平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	显著性 Significance
NO $3 -$ -N	SCK	组间Inter group	2 769.67	4	692.42	42 636.59	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.16	10	0.02
		总计Total	2 769.84	14
	SD1	组间Inter group	2 703.34	4	675.84	24 469.07	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.28	10	0.03
		总计Total	2 703.62	14
	SD2	组间Inter group	2 523.38	4	630.85	17 049.89	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.37	10	0.04
		总计Total	2 523.75	14
	SD3	组间Inter group	2 422.83	4	605.71	24 358.25	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.25	10	0.03
		总计Total	2 423.08	14
NH $4 +$ -N	SCK	组间Inter group	2 769.67	4	692.42	42 636.59	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.16	10	0.02
		总计Total	2 769.84	14
	SD1	组间Inter group	2 703.34	4	675.84	24 469.07	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.28	10	0.03
		总计Total	2 703.62	14
	SD2	组间Inter group	2 523.38	4	630.85	17 049.89	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.37	10	0.04
		总计Total	2 523.75	14
	SD3	组间Inter group	2 422.83	4	605.71	24 358.25	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.25	10	0.03
		总计Total	2 423.08	14

表1 矿化培养NO3--N和NH4+-N含量结果方差分析

Table 1 Analysis of variance of results of NO3--N and NH4+-N content in mineralized culture

指标 Index	变异来源 Source of variation		平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	显著性 Significance
NO $3 -$ -N	SCK	组间Inter group	2 769.67	4	692.42	42 636.59	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.16	10	0.02
		总计Total	2 769.84	14
	SD1	组间Inter group	2 703.34	4	675.84	24 469.07	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.28	10	0.03
		总计Total	2 703.62	14
	SD2	组间Inter group	2 523.38	4	630.85	17 049.89	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.37	10	0.04
		总计Total	2 523.75	14
	SD3	组间Inter group	2 422.83	4	605.71	24 358.25	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.25	10	0.03
		总计Total	2 423.08	14
NH $4 +$ -N	SCK	组间Inter group	2 769.67	4	692.42	42 636.59	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.16	10	0.02
		总计Total	2 769.84	14
	SD1	组间Inter group	2 703.34	4	675.84	24 469.07	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.28	10	0.03
		总计Total	2 703.62	14
	SD2	组间Inter group	2 523.38	4	630.85	17 049.89	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.37	10	0.04
		总计Total	2 523.75	14
	SD3	组间Inter group	2 422.83	4	605.71	24 358.25	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.25	10	0.03
		总计Total	2 423.08	14

图2 矿化培养过程中不同处理的NH4+-N含量注：不同小写字母表示相同培养时间不同处理间在P <0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 2 NH4+-N content during mineralization cultur in different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments in same culture time at P<0.05 level.

表2 硝化培养NO3--N和NH4+-N含量试验结果方差分析

Table 2 Analysis of variance of test results of NO3--N and NH4+-N content in nitrification culture

指标 Index	变异来源 Source of variation		平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	显著性 Significance
NO $3 -$ -N	SCK	组间Inter group	10 866.46	4	2 716.62	44 486.06	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.61	10	0.06
		总计Total	10 867.07	14
	SD1	组间Inter group	19 945.85	4	4 986.46	41 244.51	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	1.21	10	0.12
		总计Total	19 947.06	14
	SD2	组间Inter group	25 952.30	4	6 488.08	110 755.81	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.59	10	0.06
		总计Total	25 952.89	14
	SD3	组间Inter group	50 386.63	4	12 596.66	121 730.36	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	1.04	10	0.10
		总计Total	50 387.67	14
NH $4 +$ -N	SCK	组间Inter group	7 321.01	4	1 830.25	58 238.83	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.31	10	0.03
		总计Total	7 321.32	14
	SD1	组间Inter group	6 846.92	4	1 711.73	43 548.10	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.39	10	0.04
		总计Total	6 847.32	14
	SD2	组间Inter group	6 876.68	4	1 719.17	64 646.67	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.27	10	0.03
		总计Total	6 876.95	14
	SD3	组间Inter group	7 439.66	4	1 859.92	87 814.67	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.21	10	0.02
		总计Total	7 439.87	14

表2 硝化培养NO3--N和NH4+-N含量试验结果方差分析

Table 2 Analysis of variance of test results of NO3--N and NH4+-N content in nitrification culture

指标 Index	变异来源 Source of variation		平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	显著性 Significance
NO $3 -$ -N	SCK	组间Inter group	10 866.46	4	2 716.62	44 486.06	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.61	10	0.06
		总计Total	10 867.07	14
	SD1	组间Inter group	19 945.85	4	4 986.46	41 244.51	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	1.21	10	0.12
		总计Total	19 947.06	14
	SD2	组间Inter group	25 952.30	4	6 488.08	110 755.81	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.59	10	0.06
		总计Total	25 952.89	14
	SD3	组间Inter group	50 386.63	4	12 596.66	121 730.36	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	1.04	10	0.10
		总计Total	50 387.67	14
NH $4 +$ -N	SCK	组间Inter group	7 321.01	4	1 830.25	58 238.83	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.31	10	0.03
		总计Total	7 321.32	14
	SD1	组间Inter group	6 846.92	4	1 711.73	43 548.10	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.39	10	0.04
		总计Total	6 847.32	14
	SD2	组间Inter group	6 876.68	4	1 719.17	64 646.67	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.27	10	0.03
		总计Total	6 876.95	14
	SD3	组间Inter group	7 439.66	4	1 859.92	87 814.67	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.21	10	0.02
		总计Total	7 439.87	14

图3 硝化培养过程中不同处理NO3--N含量注：不同小写字母表示相同培养时间不同处理间在P <0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 3 NO3--N content during nitrification culture in different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments in same culture time at P<0.05 level.

图4 硝化培养过程中不同处理NH4+-N含量注：不同小写字母表示相同培养时间不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 4 NH4+-N content during nitrification cultureNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments in same culture time at P<0.05 level.in different treatments

表3 不同增氧量下沙土土壤的无机氮素含量的变化值 (mg·kg-1)

Table 3 Change value of inorganic nitrogen content in sandy soil under different oxygen content

指标 Index	处理Treatment
指标 Index	SCK	SD1	SD2	SD3
矿化 NO $3 -$ -N Mineralization NO $3 -$ -N	0.087	0.079	0.014^*	0.044^*
矿化 NH $4 +$ -N Mineralization NH $4 +$ -N	0.077	0.059	0.040^*	0.021^*
硝化 NO $3 -$ -N Nitrification NO $3 -$ -N	0.091	0.012^*	0.046^*	0.047^*
硝化 NH $4 +$ -N Nitrification NH $4 +$ -N	0.089	0.071	0.055	0.073

表3 不同增氧量下沙土土壤的无机氮素含量的变化值 (mg·kg-1)

Table 3 Change value of inorganic nitrogen content in sandy soil under different oxygen content

指标 Index	处理Treatment
指标 Index	SCK	SD1	SD2	SD3
矿化 NO $3 -$ -N Mineralization NO $3 -$ -N	0.087	0.079	0.014^*	0.044^*
矿化 NH $4 +$ -N Mineralization NH $4 +$ -N	0.077	0.059	0.040^*	0.021^*
硝化 NO $3 -$ -N Nitrification NO $3 -$ -N	0.091	0.012^*	0.046^*	0.047^*
硝化 NH $4 +$ -N Nitrification NH $4 +$ -N	0.089	0.071	0.055	0.073

表4 不同处理沙土NH4+-N转化模型拟合结果及其诊断值

Table 4 Fitting results and diagnostic values of NH4+-N transformation model of sandy soil under different treatments

处理 Treatment	R²	标准差 Standard deviation	拟合方程 Fitting equation	初始消耗速率 V₀/（mg·kg^-1·d^-1）	最大消耗速率 V_max/（mg·kg^-1·d^-1）	达到最大消耗速率所用时间 T_V_max/d
SCK	0.99	2.55	N_t=65-56.43/［1+exp（21.92-3.29t）］	0.00	46.41	6.66
SD1	1.00	1.53	N_t=65-57.75/［1+exp（2.94-0.66t）］	1.82	9.58	4.43
SD2	1.00	1.11	N_t=65-58.22/［1+exp（2.67-0.74t）］	2.62	10.75	3.61
SD3	1.00	0.51	N_t=65-60.63/［1+exp（2.64-0.74t）］	2.79	11.26	3.56

表5 土壤净氮矿化量结果方差分析

Table 5 Variance analysis of results of soil net nitrogen mineralization

指标Index	变异来源 Source of variation		平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	显著性 Significance
净氮矿化量 Net nitrogen mineralization	SCK	组间Inter group	1.77	3	0.59	18.35	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.26	8	0.03
		总计Total	2.03	11
	SD1	组间Inter group	4.75	3	1.58	36.20	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.35	8	0.04
		总计Total	5.10	11
	SD2	组间Inter group	19.96	3	6.65	43.32	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	1.23	8	0.15
		总计Total	21.18	11
	SD3	组间Inter group	390.13	3	130.04	1 411.47	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.74	8	0.09
		总计Total	390.87	11
净氮矿化速率 Net nitrogen mineralization rate	SCK	组间Inter group	0.02	3	0.01	32.30	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.00	8	0.00
		总计Total	0.02	11
	SD1	组间Inter group	0.02	3	0.01	72.10	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.00	8	0.00
		总计Total	0.02	11
	SD2	组间Inter group	0.02	3	0.01	6.07	P<0.05
		组内Intra group	0.01	8	0.00
		总计Total	0.03	11
	SD3	组间Inter group	0.12	3	0.04	36.37	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.01	8	0.00
		总计Total	0.13	11

图5 矿化培养过程中不同处理土壤净氮矿化量注：不同小写字母表示相同培养时间不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 5 Soil net nitrogen mineralization during mineralization culture in different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments in same culture time at P <0.05 level.

图6 矿化培养过程中不同处理土壤净氮矿化速率注：不同小写字母表示相同培养时间不同处理间在P <0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 6 Soil net nitrogen mineralization rate during mineralization culture in different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments in same culture time at P<0.05 level.

图7 硝化培养过程中不同处理土壤硝化率注：不同小写字母表示相同培养时间不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 7 Soil nitrification rate during nitrification culture in differen treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments in same culture time at P<0.05 level.

表6 土壤硝化率结果方差分析

Table 6 Variance analysis of soil nitrification rate results

指标 Index	变异来源 Source of variation		平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	显著性 Significance
硝化率 Nitrification rate	SCK	组间Inter group	1.36	4	0.34	136 204.15	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.00	10	0.00
		总计Total	1.36	14
	SD1	组间Inter group	1.44	4	0.36	123 817.34	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.00	10	0.00
		总计Total	1.44	14
	SD2	组间Inter group	1.52	4	0.38	59 246.65	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.00	10	0.00
		总计Total	1.52	14
	SD3	组间Inter group	1.63	4	0.41	198 119.38	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.00	10	0.00
		总计Total	1.63	14
净硝化速率 Net nitrification rate	SCK	组间Inter group	65.03	4	16.26	12 255.21	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.01	10	0.00
		总计Total	65.05	14
	SD1	组间Inter group	78.29	4	19.57	12 875.90	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.02	10	0.00
		总计Total	78.30	14
	SD2	组间Inter group	159.40	4	39.85	46 336.19	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.01	10	0.00
		总计Total	159.41	14
	SD3	组间Inter group	227.95	4	56.99	502 835.38	P<0.01
		组内Intra group	0.00	10	0.00
		总计Total	227.95	14

图8 硝化培养过程中不同处理土壤净硝化速率注：不同小写字母表示相同培养时间不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 8 Soil nitrification rate during nitrification culture in differen treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments in same culture time at P<0.05 level.

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增氧水输入对沙土土壤氮素硝化与矿化的影响

Effect of Oxygenated Water Input on Nitrogen Nitrification and Mineralization in Sandy Soil

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