甘肃民勤地区‘慕合怀特’葡萄最佳采收期的确定

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0365

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为确定甘肃民勤地区‘慕合怀特’葡萄最佳采收期，以当地经验采收期（9月15日）为界限设置不同采收期，通过对酿酒葡萄成熟果实百粒重、果实纵径、果实横径、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸进行测定，并对不同采收期的果实品质进行综合性评价。结果表明，通过对果实的外观和内在品质进行聚类，将采收期分为2类，9月21日、9月25日和9月29日为第Ⅰ类，9月9日、9月13日、9月17日为第Ⅱ类。综合各项外观和内在品质指标显示9月21—29日为最佳采收期。主成分分析表明，果实pH、总糖、维生素C、总酸含量为‘慕合怀特369’的核心品质指标；固酸比、糖酸比、维生素C和总糖含量为‘慕合怀特234’的核心品质指标。此外，‘慕合怀特234’和‘慕合怀特369’果实内在品质的综合得分在9月25日达到最高，分别为0.82和0.73。综上所述，在本试验条件下，甘肃民勤地区‘慕合怀特234’和‘慕合怀特369’酿酒葡萄果实品质的最佳采收时间段为9月21—29日，9月25日为最佳采收期，结果为‘慕合怀特’葡萄的适时采收提供理论依据。

关键词: 慕合怀特, 采收期, 果实品质, 主成分分析, 聚类分析

Abstract:

In order to determine the best harvest date of ‘Muhe White’ grape in Minqin area of Gansu province， the local experience harvest date （September 15） was taken as the harvest limit， and different harvest dates were set. The 100 grain weight， longitudinal diameter， transverse diameter， soluble solid matter， soluble sugar and titrable acid of ripe wine grapes with different harvest dates were measured， and the fruit qualities were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that， based on the appearance and intrinsic quality of the fruit， the harvesting dates were divided into 2 categories， September 21， September 25， September 29 as the class I， and September 9， September 13， September 17 as the class II. Comprehensive analysis of appearance and internal quality indexes showed that the best harvest period was from September 21 to September 29. The principal component analysis indicated that total sugar， vitamin C， pH and acid in the fruit were the core quality indexes of ‘Muhe White 369’， and solid acid ratio， sugar acid ratio， vitamin C， total sugar were the core quality indexes of ‘Muhe White 234’. In addition， the composite scores of ‘Muhe White 234’ and ‘Muhe White 369’ reached the highest on September 25， with 0.82 and 0.73， respectively. To sum up， under the meteorological conditions of this study， the best harvesting periods for the fruit quality of ‘Muhe White 234’ and ‘Muhe White 369’ wine grapes in Minqin area of Gansu province were from September 21 to September 29， and September 25 was the best harvesting period， which provided a theoretical basis for timely harvesting of ‘Muhe White’ grape.

Key words: Muhe White, harvest period, fruit quality, principal component analysis, cluster analysis

中图分类号:

S663.1

曾宝珍, 成永娟, 杨娟博, 车莉莉, 梁靖, 卢世雄, 梁国平, 马宗桓, 毛娟. 甘肃民勤地区‘慕合怀特’葡萄最佳采收期的确定[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(2): 70-79.

Baozhen ZENG, Yongjuan CHENG, Juanbo YANG, Lili CHE, Jing LIANG, Shixiong LU, Guoping LIANG, Zonghuan MA, Juan MAO. Determination of the Best Harvesting Period for ‘Muhe White’ Grape in Minqin District， Gansu Province[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(2): 70-79.

图/表 9

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品种 Variety	采样时间 Sampling time （m/d）	百粒重 100-grains weight/g	纵径 Longitudinal diameter/mm	横径 Transverse diameter/mm	果形指数 Fruit shape index
慕合怀特369 Muhe White 369	9/9	138.02±4.38 bc	12.28±0.19 c	11.45±0.31 c	1.07±0.01 a
	9/13	122.8±9.42 c	13.36±0.28 b	12.51±0.19 b	1.06±0.01 a
	9/17	137.47±7.29 bc	14.26±0.32 a	13.80±0.19 a	1.06±0.02 a
	9/21	148.93±7.21 ab	14.57±0.47 a	13.83±0.26 a	1.03±0.01 a
	9/25	152.73±4.78 a	14.82±0.15 a	14.30±0.31 a	1.04±0.03 a
	9/29	141.87±8.41 ab	14.61±0.03 a	14.02±0.01 a	1.04±0.02 a
慕合怀特234 Muhe White 234	9/9	120.90±7.02 d	12.55±0.27 c	11.64±0.21 c	1.07±0.01 ab
	9/13	143.83±5.71 a	13.50±0.20 b	13.49±0.39 b	0.99±0.04 b
	9/17	115.07±7.28 cd	15.21±0.34 ab	14.36±0.21 a	1.05±0.01 ab
	9/21	127.93±2.31 cd	15.42±0.32 b	14.52±0.03 a	1.06±0.02 ab
	9/25	139.00±5.37 ab	15.71±0.03 ab	14.90±0.10 ab	1.19±0.11 a
	9/29	130.23±3.21 bc	14.57±0.27 ab	13.95±0.31 ab	1.04±0.02 ab

品种 Variety	采样时间 Sampling time （m/d）	百粒重 100-grains weight/g	纵径 Longitudinal diameter/mm	横径 Transverse diameter/mm	果形指数 Fruit shape index
慕合怀特369 Muhe White 369	9/9	138.02±4.38 bc	12.28±0.19 c	11.45±0.31 c	1.07±0.01 a
	9/13	122.8±9.42 c	13.36±0.28 b	12.51±0.19 b	1.06±0.01 a
	9/17	137.47±7.29 bc	14.26±0.32 a	13.80±0.19 a	1.06±0.02 a
	9/21	148.93±7.21 ab	14.57±0.47 a	13.83±0.26 a	1.03±0.01 a
	9/25	152.73±4.78 a	14.82±0.15 a	14.30±0.31 a	1.04±0.03 a
	9/29	141.87±8.41 ab	14.61±0.03 a	14.02±0.01 a	1.04±0.02 a
慕合怀特234 Muhe White 234	9/9	120.90±7.02 d	12.55±0.27 c	11.64±0.21 c	1.07±0.01 ab
	9/13	143.83±5.71 a	13.50±0.20 b	13.49±0.39 b	0.99±0.04 b
	9/17	115.07±7.28 cd	15.21±0.34 ab	14.36±0.21 a	1.05±0.01 ab
	9/21	127.93±2.31 cd	15.42±0.32 b	14.52±0.03 a	1.06±0.02 ab
	9/25	139.00±5.37 ab	15.71±0.03 ab	14.90±0.10 ab	1.19±0.11 a
	9/29	130.23±3.21 bc	14.57±0.27 ab	13.95±0.31 ab	1.04±0.02 ab

品种 Variety	采样时间 Sampling time（m/d）	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids/ °Brix	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/（mg·L^-1）	可滴定酸 Titrable acid/（mg·L^-1）	糖酸比 Sugar/acid	固酸比 Soluble solids/acid	pH
慕合怀特369 Muhe White 369	9/9	17.03±0.74 f	145.01±4.37 e	7.76±0.11 a	16.75±0.63 e	2.20±0.15 d	3.26±0.05 c
	9/13	19.20±1.10 e	160.73±3.84 d	7.22±0.29 ab	22.28±0.94 d	2.67±0.29 d	3.38±0.05 b
	9/17	20.63±0.45 d	190.26±6.97 c	6.52±0.28 bc	29.17±0.97 c	3.16±0.12 c	3.51±0.05 ab
	9/21	23.80±0.54 c	229.76±2.36 b	6.18±0.36 c	37.25±2.41 ab	3.86±0.31 ab	3.61±0.05 a
	9/25	26.40±0.45 a	253.33±3.45 a	6.43±0.19 c	39.40±0.98 a	4.10±0.10 a	3.55±0.04 ab
	9/29	24.17±0.25 b	229.67±4.43 b	6.78±0.42 bc	33.94±2.29 b	3.57±0.23 bc	3.59±0.05 ab
慕合怀特234 Muhe White 234	9/9	16.57±0.33 e	152.18±7.37 e	8.74±0.21 a	17.43±1.27 d	1.90±0.08 c	3.23±0.02 d
	9/13	18.90±0.16 d	168.87±3.25 d	7.46±1.07 ab	22.97±3.41 cd	2.57±0.36 bc	3.29±0.07 cd
	9/17	22.10±0.71 c	200.09±7.40 c	7.07±0.69 b	28.55±3.75 bc	3.15±0.41 ab	3.36±0.02 bc
	9/21	24.53±0.33 b	230.57±3.63 b	6.94±0.61 b	33.36±2.48 ab	3.55±0.26 a	3.39±0.03 abc
	9/25	26.20±0.50 a	248.93±2.56 a	6.71±0.44 b	37.23±2.74 a	3.92±0.35 a	3.51±0.03 a
	9/29	25.70±0.43 ab	222.08±4.26 b	6.48±0.71 b	34.27±2.53 ab	3.74±0.25 a	3.43±0.05 ab

品种 Variety	采样时间 Sampling time（m/d）	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids/ °Brix	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/（mg·L^-1）	可滴定酸 Titrable acid/（mg·L^-1）	糖酸比 Sugar/acid	固酸比 Soluble solids/acid	pH
慕合怀特369 Muhe White 369	9/9	17.03±0.74 f	145.01±4.37 e	7.76±0.11 a	16.75±0.63 e	2.20±0.15 d	3.26±0.05 c
	9/13	19.20±1.10 e	160.73±3.84 d	7.22±0.29 ab	22.28±0.94 d	2.67±0.29 d	3.38±0.05 b
	9/17	20.63±0.45 d	190.26±6.97 c	6.52±0.28 bc	29.17±0.97 c	3.16±0.12 c	3.51±0.05 ab
	9/21	23.80±0.54 c	229.76±2.36 b	6.18±0.36 c	37.25±2.41 ab	3.86±0.31 ab	3.61±0.05 a
	9/25	26.40±0.45 a	253.33±3.45 a	6.43±0.19 c	39.40±0.98 a	4.10±0.10 a	3.55±0.04 ab
	9/29	24.17±0.25 b	229.67±4.43 b	6.78±0.42 bc	33.94±2.29 b	3.57±0.23 bc	3.59±0.05 ab
慕合怀特234 Muhe White 234	9/9	16.57±0.33 e	152.18±7.37 e	8.74±0.21 a	17.43±1.27 d	1.90±0.08 c	3.23±0.02 d
	9/13	18.90±0.16 d	168.87±3.25 d	7.46±1.07 ab	22.97±3.41 cd	2.57±0.36 bc	3.29±0.07 cd
	9/17	22.10±0.71 c	200.09±7.40 c	7.07±0.69 b	28.55±3.75 bc	3.15±0.41 ab	3.36±0.02 bc
	9/21	24.53±0.33 b	230.57±3.63 b	6.94±0.61 b	33.36±2.48 ab	3.55±0.26 a	3.39±0.03 abc
	9/25	26.20±0.50 a	248.93±2.56 a	6.71±0.44 b	37.23±2.74 a	3.92±0.35 a	3.51±0.03 a
	9/29	25.70±0.43 ab	222.08±4.26 b	6.48±0.71 b	34.27±2.53 ab	3.74±0.25 a	3.43±0.05 ab

指标 Index	慕合怀特369 Muhe White 369			慕合怀特234 Muhe White 234
指标 Index	F1	F2	F3	F1	F2	F3
总糖Total sugar	1.00	2.00	3.00	0.08	0.03	0.20
总酸Total acid	0.09	0.01	-0.05	-0.08	0.04	0.10
糖酸比Sugar-acid ratio	-0.06	0.06	0.37	0.08	0.02	0.01
总酚Total phenol	0.09	0.00	-0.11	-0.05	-0.16	-0.35
单宁Tannin	-0.01	-0.29	0.28	-0.02	0.33	0.21
花色苷Anthocyanin	-0.03	-0.32	0.11	0.05	-0.20	0.42
维生素C Vitamin C	0.08	-0.04	-0.15	0.01	0.34	0.07
可溶性固物含量Soluble solid content	0.02	0.33	0.09	0.08	0.01	0.21
固酸比Solid acid ratio	0.08	0.03	0.06	0.08	0.00	0.01
pH	0.09	0.01	-0.09	-0.06	0.21	-0.24
草酸Oxalic acid	-0.03	0.22	0.30	-0.08	-0.01	0.12
柠檬酸Citric acid	-0.08	0.03	-0.07	-0.08	-0.06	-0.15
酒石酸Tartaric acid	-0.07	0.00	-0.35	-0.08	-0.08	0.17
苹果酸Malic acid	-0.08	0.03	-0.10	-0.08	-0.01	0.15
葡萄糖Glucose	-0.08	0.00	-0.11	0.08	0.06	-0.29
果糖Fructose	0.09	-0.02	0.04	0.08	0.04	-0.25
蔗糖Sucrose	0.09	-0.04	0.03	0.08	-0.08	-0.09
特征值Characteristic value	11.40	2.88	1.82	12.09	2.75	1.36
贡献率 Contribution rate/%	67.03	16.96	10.70	71.13	16.17	7.98
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/%	67.03	83.99	94.69	71.13	87.29	95.27