生物炭和秸秆对不同作物生长性状和养分吸收的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0765

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 179-191.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0765

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

生物炭和秸秆对不同作物生长性状和养分吸收的影响

侯赛赛¹(), 仝姗姗², 王鹏企¹, 谢冰雪¹, 张瑞芳²^,³^,⁴, 王鑫鑫²^,³^,⁴()

^1.河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院，河北保定 071001
^2.河北农业大学国家北方山区农业工程技术研究中心，河北保定 071001
^3.河北农业大学河北省山区农业技术创新中心，河北保定 071001
^4.河北农业大学河北省山区研究所，河北保定 071001

收稿日期:2023-10-18 接受日期:2024-03-04 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2025-04-15
通讯作者: 王鑫鑫
作者简介:侯赛赛E-mail：hss11022021@163.com；
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901001);海南省院士创新平台科研专项(YSPTZX202115)

Effects of Biochar and Straw on Growth Characteristics and Nutrient Uptake of Different Crops

Saisai HOU¹(), Shanshan TONG², Pengqi WANG¹, Bingxue XIE¹, Ruifang ZHANG²^,³^,⁴, Xinxin WANG²^,³^,⁴()

^1.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences，Hebei Agricultural University，Hebei Baoding 071001，China
^2.National Research Center of Agricultural Engineering Technology in Northern Mountainous Areas，Hebei Agricultural University，Hebei Baoding 071001，China
^3.Hebei Mountainous Agricultural Technology Innovation Center，Hebei Agricultural University，Hebei Baoding 071001，China
^4.Hebei Institute of Mountainous Areas，Hebei Agricultural University，Hebei Baoding 071001，China

Received:2023-10-18 Accepted:2024-03-04 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-04-15
Contact: Xinxin WANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物炭和玉米秸秆具有改良土壤质量、促进作物生长的作用，其改良效果因物种不同而存在差异，探究不同作物生长性状和养分吸收效率对生物炭和玉米秸秆的响应差异对农业生产具有实践意义。以大白菜、冰草、石竹和紫花苜蓿4种不同科属的作物为材料，采用盆栽试验，分别设置不添加物料、添加生物炭、添加玉米秸秆、生物炭与玉米秸秆配施处理，分析不同处理下土壤养分变化、作物生长和养分吸收的变化规律。结果表明，生物炭、玉米秸秆以及二者配施影响了土壤养分（全氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机碳）含量，变化幅度分别在-28.78%~40.41%、-17.85%~53.20%、-3.45%~62.51%。生物炭与玉米秸秆配施影响了4种作物的生长，其中，地上部干重增加23.74%~80.89%。生物炭、玉米秸秆以及二者配施使根长分别增加22.51%~77.91%、25.86%~80.45%和45.93%~149.24%，养分吸收效率分别提高3.40%~143.73%、1.07%~188.80%和9.82%~290.32%。施用生物炭和玉米秸秆对4种作物的生长均有明显的改善，生物炭和玉米秸秆增加了土壤养分，促进了作物养分吸收，促进了作物地上部和根部的生长。研究结果为生物炭和秸秆的广泛利用和推广提供了理论基础。

关键词: 作物种类, 根系, 养分吸收, 生物炭, 玉米秸秆

Abstract:

Biochar and maize straw can improve soil quality and promote crop growth， but their improvement effects may vary in different crop species. It is of practical significance for agricultural production to explore the difference of response of different crop growth traits and nutrient absorption efficiency to biochar and maize straw. A pot experiment was carried out on Chinese cabbage， agrostis， caryophylla and alfalfa with no material added， biochar added， maize straw added， biochar combined with maize straw， respectively， to analyze the changes of soil nutrients， crop growth and nutrient absorption. The results showed that the contents of soil nutrients （total nitrogen， available phosphorus， available potassium and organic carbon） were affected by biochar， corn straw and their combined application in the range of -28.78%~40.41%， -17.85%~53.20% and -3.45%~62.51%， respectively. The combined application of biochar and maize straw significantly affected the growth of 4 crops，and the above-ground dry weight increased by 23.74%~80.89%. The root length increased by 22.51%~77.91%， 25.86%~80.45% and 45.93%~149.24%， and the nutrient absorption efficiency increased by 3.40%~143.73%， 1.07%~188.80% and 9.82%~290.32%， respectively，under the treatments of biochar， corn straw and their combined application. The application of biochar and maize straw significantly improved the growth of the 4 crops. Biochar and maize straw increased the soil nutrients， promoted the nutrient absorption of crops， and promoted the above-ground and root growth of crops. Above results provided a theoretical basis for the extensive utilization and popularization of biochar and straw.

Key words: crop species, root, nutrient absorption, biochar, maize straw

中图分类号:

S154.1

侯赛赛, 仝姗姗, 王鹏企, 谢冰雪, 张瑞芳, 王鑫鑫. 生物炭和秸秆对不同作物生长性状和养分吸收的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(4): 179-191.

Saisai HOU, Shanshan TONG, Pengqi WANG, Bingxue XIE, Ruifang ZHANG, Xinxin WANG. Effects of Biochar and Straw on Growth Characteristics and Nutrient Uptake of Different Crops[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(4): 179-191.

图/表 7

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指标 Index	作物（自由度=3） Crop（df=3）	物料（自由度=3） Material（df=3）	作物×物料（自由度=9） Crop×material（df=9）
土壤pH Soil pH	12.49^***	21.37^***	21.33^***
速效钾 Available K/（mg·kg^-1）	620.67^***	107.51^***	4.70^**
有机碳 Organic matter/（g·kg^-1）	13.84^***	5.47^**	17.73^***
全氮 Total N/（g·kg^-1）	106.07^***	154.18^***	15.12^***
有效磷 Olsen-P/（mg·kg^-1）	117.73^***	18.61^***	4.02^**
地上部干重 Shoot dry weight/g	603.83^***	42.22^***	7.28^***
株高 Plant height/cm	1 112.72^***	42.32^***	8.35^***
茎粗 Stem diamter/mm	511.12^***	13.02^***	6.68^***
叶绿素 SPAD	43.30^***	139.57^***	12.58^***
根部干重 Root dry weight/g	1 795.04^***	152.18^***	37.71^***
根长 Root length/cm	370.50^***	110.00^***	20.29^***
根表面积 Root surface area/cm²	1 553.86^***	73.68^***	32.40^***
根直径 Root diameter/mm	2 947.57^***	446.32^***	41.38^***
根体积 Root volume/cm³	1 447.37^***	140.91^***	20.50^***
根尖数 Number of apex	676.45^***	139.91^***	54.50^***
细根长 Fine root length/cm	294.22^***	266.68^***	45.28^***
比根长 Specific root length/（cm·g^-1）	186.88^***	37.93^***	24.27^***
根冠比 Root/shoot ratio	716.43^***	41.57^***	9.70^***
地上部N含量 Shoot N content/（mg·g^-1）	254.68^***	206.16^***	12.84^***
地上部P含量 Shoot P content/（mg·g^-1）	50.01^***	121.23^***	8.06^***
地上部K含量 Shoot K content/（mg·g^-1）	84.61^***	126.31^***	12.80^***
根部N含量 Root N content/（mg·g^-1）	499.62^***	75.29^***	2.54^*
根部P含量 Root P content/（mg·g^-1）	101.38^***	263.39^***	31.36^***
根部K含量 Root K content/（mg·g^-1）	1 981.13^***	146.93^***	44.36^***

指标 Index	作物（自由度=3） Crop（df=3）	物料（自由度=3） Material（df=3）	作物×物料（自由度=9） Crop×material（df=9）
土壤pH Soil pH	12.49^***	21.37^***	21.33^***
速效钾 Available K/（mg·kg^-1）	620.67^***	107.51^***	4.70^**
有机碳 Organic matter/（g·kg^-1）	13.84^***	5.47^**	17.73^***
全氮 Total N/（g·kg^-1）	106.07^***	154.18^***	15.12^***
有效磷 Olsen-P/（mg·kg^-1）	117.73^***	18.61^***	4.02^**
地上部干重 Shoot dry weight/g	603.83^***	42.22^***	7.28^***
株高 Plant height/cm	1 112.72^***	42.32^***	8.35^***
茎粗 Stem diamter/mm	511.12^***	13.02^***	6.68^***
叶绿素 SPAD	43.30^***	139.57^***	12.58^***
根部干重 Root dry weight/g	1 795.04^***	152.18^***	37.71^***
根长 Root length/cm	370.50^***	110.00^***	20.29^***
根表面积 Root surface area/cm²	1 553.86^***	73.68^***	32.40^***
根直径 Root diameter/mm	2 947.57^***	446.32^***	41.38^***
根体积 Root volume/cm³	1 447.37^***	140.91^***	20.50^***
根尖数 Number of apex	676.45^***	139.91^***	54.50^***
细根长 Fine root length/cm	294.22^***	266.68^***	45.28^***
比根长 Specific root length/（cm·g^-1）	186.88^***	37.93^***	24.27^***
根冠比 Root/shoot ratio	716.43^***	41.57^***	9.70^***
地上部N含量 Shoot N content/（mg·g^-1）	254.68^***	206.16^***	12.84^***
地上部P含量 Shoot P content/（mg·g^-1）	50.01^***	121.23^***	8.06^***
地上部K含量 Shoot K content/（mg·g^-1）	84.61^***	126.31^***	12.80^***
根部N含量 Root N content/（mg·g^-1）	499.62^***	75.29^***	2.54^*
根部P含量 Root P content/（mg·g^-1）	101.38^***	263.39^***	31.36^***
根部K含量 Root K content/（mg·g^-1）	1 981.13^***	146.93^***	44.36^***

指标Index	SDW	PH	SD	SPAD	pH	N	K	P	C	RDW	RL	RS	RD	RV	RT	FRL	SRL	RSR	SN	SP	SK	RN	RP
PH	-0.49^**
SD	0.72^**	-0.90^**
SPAD	-0.21	0.26	-0.11
pH	-0.01	-0.35^*	0.09	-0.22
N	0.02	0.15	-0.05	0.62^**	0.01
K	-0.72^**	0.31^*	-0.40^**	0.64^**	0.03	0.39^**
P	0.24	0.51^**	-0.33^*	-0.14	-0.27	-0.12	-0.27
C	0.04	0.16	-0.10	0.37^*	-0.11	0.43^**	0.06	-0.10
RDW	0.01	0.80^**	-0.62^**	0.16	-0.26	0.25	-0.12	0.60^**	0.28
RL	0.05	-0.07	0.09	0.42^**	0.17	0.82^**	0.26	-0.42^**	0.31^*	0.11
RS	0.08	0.57^**	-0.46^**	0.04	-0.07	0.48^**	-0.20	0.30^*	0.26	0.80^**	0.49^**
RD	0.28	0.64^**	-0.40^**	0.05	-0.29^*	0.21	-0.31^*	0.72^**	0.15	0.93^**	0.07	0.78^**
RV	0.11	0.78^**	-0.57^**	0.07	-0.30^*	0.16	-0.18	0.73^**	0.15	0.94^**	-0.04	0.73^**	0.95^**
RT	-0.22	0.26	-0.26	0.30^*	0.02	0.59^**	0.32^*	-0.22	0.24	0.31^*	0.74^**	0.59^**	0.25	0.16
FRL	0.15	-0.02	0.08	0.44^**	0.22	0.86^**	0.21	-0.16	0.24	0.17	0.90^**	0.53^**	0.17	0.07	0.63^**
SRL	-0.24	-0.59^**	0.33^*	-0.21	0.41^**	-0.27	0.26	-0.44^**	-0.43^**	-0.82^**	-0.18	-0.70^**	-0.78^**	-0.78^**	-0.18	-0.20
RSR	-0.15	0.87^**	-0.72^**	0.19	-0.29^*	0.26	-0.01	0.54^**	0.27	0.98^**	0.10	0.80^**	0.87^**	0.91^**	0.33^*	0.158	-0.80^**
SN	-0.40^**	0.15	-0.10	0.76^**	-0.21	0.49^**	0.83^**	-0.25	0.14	-0.15	0.36^*	-0.22	-0.27	-0.17	0.17	0.34^*	0.11	-0.08
SP	-0.09	0.06	0.10	0.77^**	-0.28	0.66^**	0.57^**	-0.24	0.28	-0.04	0.60^**	0.04	-0.05	-0.10	0.56^**	0.53^**	-0.06	-0.03	0.70^**
SK	-0.22	0.65^**	-0.46^**	0.57^**	-0.49^**	0.64^**	0.46^**	0.30^*	0.29	0.52^**	0.40^**	0.52^**	0.48^**	0.54^**	0.50^**	0.44^**	-0.49^**	0.56^**	0.55^**	0.60^**
RN	-0.19	0.48^**	-0.44^**	0.37^*	-0.05	0.68^**	0.23	-0.05	0.51^**	0.60^**	0.70^**	0.78^**	0.49^**	0.42^**	0.85^**	0.62^**	-0.47^**	0.62^**	0.10	0.42^**	0.60^**
RP	-0.15	0.51^**	-0.39^**	0.58^**	-0.02	0.59^**	0.50^**	0.21	0.20	0.53^**	0.55^**	0.48^**	0.47^**	0.45^**	0.65^**	0.61^**	-0.36^*	0.51^**	0.47^**	0.63^**	0.68^**	0.63^**
RK	-0.51^**	-0.15	0.07	0.51^**	-0.09	0.12	0.78^**	-0.46^**	-0.03	-0.59^**	0.06	-0.64^**	-0.70^**	-0.61^**	-0.01	-0.01	0.53^**	-0.51^**	0.79^**	0.56^**	0.15	-0.20	0.10

指标Index	SDW	PH	SD	SPAD	pH	N	K	P	C	RDW	RL	RS	RD	RV	RT	FRL	SRL	RSR	SN	SP	SK	RN	RP
PH	-0.49^**
SD	0.72^**	-0.90^**
SPAD	-0.21	0.26	-0.11
pH	-0.01	-0.35^*	0.09	-0.22
N	0.02	0.15	-0.05	0.62^**	0.01
K	-0.72^**	0.31^*	-0.40^**	0.64^**	0.03	0.39^**
P	0.24	0.51^**	-0.33^*	-0.14	-0.27	-0.12	-0.27
C	0.04	0.16	-0.10	0.37^*	-0.11	0.43^**	0.06	-0.10
RDW	0.01	0.80^**	-0.62^**	0.16	-0.26	0.25	-0.12	0.60^**	0.28
RL	0.05	-0.07	0.09	0.42^**	0.17	0.82^**	0.26	-0.42^**	0.31^*	0.11
RS	0.08	0.57^**	-0.46^**	0.04	-0.07	0.48^**	-0.20	0.30^*	0.26	0.80^**	0.49^**
RD	0.28	0.64^**	-0.40^**	0.05	-0.29^*	0.21	-0.31^*	0.72^**	0.15	0.93^**	0.07	0.78^**
RV	0.11	0.78^**	-0.57^**	0.07	-0.30^*	0.16	-0.18	0.73^**	0.15	0.94^**	-0.04	0.73^**	0.95^**
RT	-0.22	0.26	-0.26	0.30^*	0.02	0.59^**	0.32^*	-0.22	0.24	0.31^*	0.74^**	0.59^**	0.25	0.16
FRL	0.15	-0.02	0.08	0.44^**	0.22	0.86^**	0.21	-0.16	0.24	0.17	0.90^**	0.53^**	0.17	0.07	0.63^**
SRL	-0.24	-0.59^**	0.33^*	-0.21	0.41^**	-0.27	0.26	-0.44^**	-0.43^**	-0.82^**	-0.18	-0.70^**	-0.78^**	-0.78^**	-0.18	-0.20
RSR	-0.15	0.87^**	-0.72^**	0.19	-0.29^*	0.26	-0.01	0.54^**	0.27	0.98^**	0.10	0.80^**	0.87^**	0.91^**	0.33^*	0.158	-0.80^**
SN	-0.40^**	0.15	-0.10	0.76^**	-0.21	0.49^**	0.83^**	-0.25	0.14	-0.15	0.36^*	-0.22	-0.27	-0.17	0.17	0.34^*	0.11	-0.08
SP	-0.09	0.06	0.10	0.77^**	-0.28	0.66^**	0.57^**	-0.24	0.28	-0.04	0.60^**	0.04	-0.05	-0.10	0.56^**	0.53^**	-0.06	-0.03	0.70^**
SK	-0.22	0.65^**	-0.46^**	0.57^**	-0.49^**	0.64^**	0.46^**	0.30^*	0.29	0.52^**	0.40^**	0.52^**	0.48^**	0.54^**	0.50^**	0.44^**	-0.49^**	0.56^**	0.55^**	0.60^**
RN	-0.19	0.48^**	-0.44^**	0.37^*	-0.05	0.68^**	0.23	-0.05	0.51^**	0.60^**	0.70^**	0.78^**	0.49^**	0.42^**	0.85^**	0.62^**	-0.47^**	0.62^**	0.10	0.42^**	0.60^**
RP	-0.15	0.51^**	-0.39^**	0.58^**	-0.02	0.59^**	0.50^**	0.21	0.20	0.53^**	0.55^**	0.48^**	0.47^**	0.45^**	0.65^**	0.61^**	-0.36^*	0.51^**	0.47^**	0.63^**	0.68^**	0.63^**
RK	-0.51^**	-0.15	0.07	0.51^**	-0.09	0.12	0.78^**	-0.46^**	-0.03	-0.59^**	0.06	-0.64^**	-0.70^**	-0.61^**	-0.01	-0.01	0.53^**	-0.51^**	0.79^**	0.56^**	0.15	-0.20	0.10

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生物炭和秸秆对不同作物生长性状和养分吸收的影响

Effects of Biochar and Straw on Growth Characteristics and Nutrient Uptake of Different Crops

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