中国农业科技导报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (5): 49-60.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0847
收稿日期:
2023-11-18
接受日期:
2024-01-18
出版日期:
2025-05-15
发布日期:
2025-05-20
通讯作者:
赵小强,余斌
作者简介:
毛桃桃 E-mail: m15294392789@163.com
基金资助:
Taotao MAO1(), Xiaoqiang ZHAO2(
), Xiaodong BAI1, Bin YU2(
)
Received:
2023-11-18
Accepted:
2024-01-18
Online:
2025-05-15
Published:
2025-05-20
Contact:
Xiaoqiang ZHAO,Bin YU
摘要:
为探究玉米幼苗对低温胁迫的响应机制,以低温敏感型GS2264和耐低温型LY2030玉米幼苗为试材,在10(低温)和22 ℃(对照)处理7 d后测定其幼苗生长、叶片活性氧、渗透调节、抗氧化酶活性、光合性能的变化及抗氧化酶相关基因的表达特征。结果表明,低温胁迫显著抑制玉米幼苗的生长发育。与常温对照相比,低温胁迫下玉米幼苗的苗长、根长、苗鲜重、根鲜重及根冠比分别下降22.98%、31.70%、32.27%、37.40%和7.83%;净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、Rubisco活性、水分利用效率、光系统Ⅱ的最大光能转化效率及光系统Ⅱ的潜在光化学活性分别下降42.88%、27.09%、15.23%、59.38%、29.78%、31.90%和32.88%;胞间CO2浓度升高50.84%;玉米幼苗体内O
中图分类号:
毛桃桃, 赵小强, 柏小栋, 余斌. 低温胁迫对玉米幼苗光合性能、抗氧化酶系统及相关基因表达的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(5): 49-60.
Taotao MAO, Xiaoqiang ZHAO, Xiaodong BAI, Bin YU. Effect of Low Temperature Stress on Photosynthetic Performance, Antioxidant Enzyme System and Related Gene Expression in Maize Seedlings[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(5): 49-60.
基因名称 (编码蛋白) Gene ID (encoded protein) | 基因位置 Gene position | 引物序列 Primer sequence (5’-3’) | 基因功能 Gene function |
---|---|---|---|
GRMZM2G106928 (超氧化物歧化酶 1a Superoxide dismutase 1a, SOD1a) | 染色体1 Chromosome 1 (206405747_206408926 bp) | F: TTCGCCGCTCCCTATTCC R:GTCCTGTCGATATGCACCCA | 超氧化物歧化酶活性(GO:0004784);超氧化物代谢过程(GO:0006801);氧化还原过程(O:0055114);氧化还原过程(GO:0055114) Superoxide dismutase activity (GO:0004784); superoxide metabolic process (GO:0006801); oxidation-reduction process (GO:0055114); oxidation-reduction process (GO:0055114) |
GRMZM2G059991 (超氧化物歧化酶 3 Superoxide dismutase 3, SOD3) | 染色体 6 Chromosome 6 (146855550_146859685 bp) | F: TCACCCAAGAGGGAGATG R: TTGCTCGCAGGATTGTAG | 清除超氧化物自由基(GO:0019430);超氧化物歧化酶活性(GO:0004784);氧化还原酶活性(GO:0016491) Removal of superoxide radicals (GO:0019430); superoxide dismutase activity (GO:0004784); oxidoreductase activity (GO:0016491) |
表1 8个候选基因RT-qPCR分析的引物序列及其功能注释
Table 1 Sequences of primers used in RT-qPCR and functional annotation of 8 candidate genes
基因名称 (编码蛋白) Gene ID (encoded protein) | 基因位置 Gene position | 引物序列 Primer sequence (5’-3’) | 基因功能 Gene function |
---|---|---|---|
GRMZM2G106928 (超氧化物歧化酶 1a Superoxide dismutase 1a, SOD1a) | 染色体1 Chromosome 1 (206405747_206408926 bp) | F: TTCGCCGCTCCCTATTCC R:GTCCTGTCGATATGCACCCA | 超氧化物歧化酶活性(GO:0004784);超氧化物代谢过程(GO:0006801);氧化还原过程(O:0055114);氧化还原过程(GO:0055114) Superoxide dismutase activity (GO:0004784); superoxide metabolic process (GO:0006801); oxidation-reduction process (GO:0055114); oxidation-reduction process (GO:0055114) |
GRMZM2G059991 (超氧化物歧化酶 3 Superoxide dismutase 3, SOD3) | 染色体 6 Chromosome 6 (146855550_146859685 bp) | F: TCACCCAAGAGGGAGATG R: TTGCTCGCAGGATTGTAG | 清除超氧化物自由基(GO:0019430);超氧化物歧化酶活性(GO:0004784);氧化还原酶活性(GO:0016491) Removal of superoxide radicals (GO:0019430); superoxide dismutase activity (GO:0004784); oxidoreductase activity (GO:0016491) |
基因名称(编码蛋白) Gene ID (encoded protein) | 基因位置 Gene position | 引物序列 Primer sequence (5’-3’) | 基因功能 Gene function |
---|---|---|---|
GRMZM2G089982 (过氧化物酶72 Peroxidase 72, POD72) | 染色体3 Chromosome 3 (40547079_ 40549178 bp) | F: GGATGTATCCTACGCCGCAA R: TTGTCAAACTTGGCAGGGGT | 过氧化物酶活性(GO:0004601);氧化还原酶活性(GO:0016491);对氧化应激的反应(GO:0006979) Peroxidase activity (GO:0004601); oxidoreductase activity (GO:0016491); response to oxidative stress (GO:0006979) |
GRMZM2G088212 (过氧化氢酶1 Catalase 1, CAT1) | 染色体5 Chromosome 5 (65470836_65475331 bp) | F:CCGAATCCAAAGACCAATR: ATGCCAACATCGTCAAAGAG | 过氧化氢酶活性(GO:0004096);过氧化物酶活性(GO:0004601);氧化应激反应(GO:0006979);对热的响应(GO:0009408) Catalase activity (GO:0004096); peroxidase activity (GO:0004601); response to oxidative stress (GO:0006979); response to heat (GO:0009408) |
GRMZM2G090568 (过氧化氢酶2 Catalase 2, CAT2) | 染色体1 Chromosome 1 (7144389_7146665 bp) | F:CCCCAACTACCTGCTGCTACR: TGGTTATGAACCGCTCTTGC | |
GRMZM2G054300 (L -抗坏血酸过氧化物酶 L-ascorbate peroxidase 1, APX1) | 染色体9 Chromosome 9 (141020666_141024519 bp) | F: TTCAGCTCCCAAGTGACAAAR: TCTAGGCAAACGGAAAATGG | 过氧化物酶活性(GO:0004601);氧化应激反应(GO:0006979);氧化还原过程(GO:0055114) Peroxidase activity (GO:0004601); response to oxidative stress (GO:0006979); oxidation-reduction process (GO:0055114) |
GRMZM2G004211 (抗坏血酸过氧化物酶3 Peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase 3, APX3) | 染色体 10 Chromosome 10 (101526024_101527964 bp) | F:CCAGATCTGCGAATAAACACAAR: AAATACATGTGCACAGAACTGAAA | 过氧化物酶活性(GO:0004601);氧化应激反应(GO:0006979);氧化还原过程(GO:0055114);氧化还原过程(GO:0055114) Peroxidase activity (GO:0004601); response to oxidative stress (GO:0006979); oxidation-reduction process (GO:0055114); oxidation-reduction process (GO:0055114) |
GRMZM2G172322 (谷胱甘肽还原酶1 Glutathione reductase 1, GR1) | 染色体1 Chromosome 1 (13177263_13183612 bp) | F: CGGTGCAATAGTGGTTGATGR: CCTATTGGTGGTTGGGAGAA | 谷胱甘肽-二硫还原酶活性(GO:0004362);谷胱甘肽代谢过程(GO:0006749);氧化还原过程(GO:0055114) Glutathione-disulfide reductase activity (GO:0004362); glutathione metabolic process (GO:0006749); oxidation-reduction process (GO:0055114) |
GRMZM2G126010 (肌动蛋白1 Actin 1) | 染色体8 Chromosome 8 (102332780_102336553 bp) | F: CGATTGAGCATGGCATTGTCAR: CCCACTAGCGTACAACGAA | ATP结合(GO:0005524);核苷酸结合(GO:0000166) ATP binding (GO:0005524); nucleotide binding (GO:0000166) |
续表1 8个候选基因RT-qPCR分析的引物序列及其功能注释
Continued Table 1 Sequences of primers used in RT-qPCR and functional annotation of 8 candidate genes
基因名称(编码蛋白) Gene ID (encoded protein) | 基因位置 Gene position | 引物序列 Primer sequence (5’-3’) | 基因功能 Gene function |
---|---|---|---|
GRMZM2G089982 (过氧化物酶72 Peroxidase 72, POD72) | 染色体3 Chromosome 3 (40547079_ 40549178 bp) | F: GGATGTATCCTACGCCGCAA R: TTGTCAAACTTGGCAGGGGT | 过氧化物酶活性(GO:0004601);氧化还原酶活性(GO:0016491);对氧化应激的反应(GO:0006979) Peroxidase activity (GO:0004601); oxidoreductase activity (GO:0016491); response to oxidative stress (GO:0006979) |
GRMZM2G088212 (过氧化氢酶1 Catalase 1, CAT1) | 染色体5 Chromosome 5 (65470836_65475331 bp) | F:CCGAATCCAAAGACCAATR: ATGCCAACATCGTCAAAGAG | 过氧化氢酶活性(GO:0004096);过氧化物酶活性(GO:0004601);氧化应激反应(GO:0006979);对热的响应(GO:0009408) Catalase activity (GO:0004096); peroxidase activity (GO:0004601); response to oxidative stress (GO:0006979); response to heat (GO:0009408) |
GRMZM2G090568 (过氧化氢酶2 Catalase 2, CAT2) | 染色体1 Chromosome 1 (7144389_7146665 bp) | F:CCCCAACTACCTGCTGCTACR: TGGTTATGAACCGCTCTTGC | |
GRMZM2G054300 (L -抗坏血酸过氧化物酶 L-ascorbate peroxidase 1, APX1) | 染色体9 Chromosome 9 (141020666_141024519 bp) | F: TTCAGCTCCCAAGTGACAAAR: TCTAGGCAAACGGAAAATGG | 过氧化物酶活性(GO:0004601);氧化应激反应(GO:0006979);氧化还原过程(GO:0055114) Peroxidase activity (GO:0004601); response to oxidative stress (GO:0006979); oxidation-reduction process (GO:0055114) |
GRMZM2G004211 (抗坏血酸过氧化物酶3 Peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase 3, APX3) | 染色体 10 Chromosome 10 (101526024_101527964 bp) | F:CCAGATCTGCGAATAAACACAAR: AAATACATGTGCACAGAACTGAAA | 过氧化物酶活性(GO:0004601);氧化应激反应(GO:0006979);氧化还原过程(GO:0055114);氧化还原过程(GO:0055114) Peroxidase activity (GO:0004601); response to oxidative stress (GO:0006979); oxidation-reduction process (GO:0055114); oxidation-reduction process (GO:0055114) |
GRMZM2G172322 (谷胱甘肽还原酶1 Glutathione reductase 1, GR1) | 染色体1 Chromosome 1 (13177263_13183612 bp) | F: CGGTGCAATAGTGGTTGATGR: CCTATTGGTGGTTGGGAGAA | 谷胱甘肽-二硫还原酶活性(GO:0004362);谷胱甘肽代谢过程(GO:0006749);氧化还原过程(GO:0055114) Glutathione-disulfide reductase activity (GO:0004362); glutathione metabolic process (GO:0006749); oxidation-reduction process (GO:0055114) |
GRMZM2G126010 (肌动蛋白1 Actin 1) | 染色体8 Chromosome 8 (102332780_102336553 bp) | F: CGATTGAGCATGGCATTGTCAR: CCCACTAGCGTACAACGAA | ATP结合(GO:0005524);核苷酸结合(GO:0000166) ATP binding (GO:0005524); nucleotide binding (GO:0000166) |
自交系 Inbred line | 处理 Treatment | 苗长SL/cm | 根长RL/cm | 苗鲜重SFW/g | 根鲜重RFW/g | 根冠比 RSR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LY2030 | CK | 38.66±2.00 a | 41.63±4.54 a | 0.96±0.05 a | 1.48±0.15 a | 1.54±0.15 a |
LT | 35.93±2.74 b | 33.47±1.81 b | 0.78±0.09 b | 1.12±0.05 b | 1.42±0.12 b | |
GS2264 | CK | 30.16±1.76 a | 41.23±4.79 a | 0.83±0.02 a | 1.05±0.10 a | 1.27±0.15 a |
LT | 18.43±0.49 b | 23.17±3.76 b | 0.45±0.02 b | 0.52±0.03 b | 1.17±0.02 b |
表2 不同温度处理下2份玉米自交系的生长参数
Table 2 Growth parameters of 2 maize inbred lines under different temperature treatments
自交系 Inbred line | 处理 Treatment | 苗长SL/cm | 根长RL/cm | 苗鲜重SFW/g | 根鲜重RFW/g | 根冠比 RSR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LY2030 | CK | 38.66±2.00 a | 41.63±4.54 a | 0.96±0.05 a | 1.48±0.15 a | 1.54±0.15 a |
LT | 35.93±2.74 b | 33.47±1.81 b | 0.78±0.09 b | 1.12±0.05 b | 1.42±0.12 b | |
GS2264 | CK | 30.16±1.76 a | 41.23±4.79 a | 0.83±0.02 a | 1.05±0.10 a | 1.27±0.15 a |
LT | 18.43±0.49 b | 23.17±3.76 b | 0.45±0.02 b | 0.52±0.03 b | 1.17±0.02 b |
自交系 Inbred line | 处理 Treatment | 净光合速率 Pn/(μmol·m-2·s-1) | 胞间CO2浓度Ci/(μmol·m-2·s-1) | 气孔导度 Gs/(μmol·m-2·s-1) | 蒸腾速率 Tr/(mmol·m-2·s-1) | Rubisco活性 Rubisco activity/(mmol·m-2·s-1) | 水分利用效率 WUE | 最大光能转化效率 Fv/Fm | PSII的潜在光化学活性 Fv/Fo |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LY2030 | CK | 16.70±1.57 a | 52.04±2.41 b | 11.35±0.79 a | 0.49±0.02 a | 0.32±0.006 a | 34.08±1.11 a | 0.73±0.03 a | 2.61±0.11 a |
LT | 11.23±0.93 b | 62.24±1.25 a | 9.44±0.70 b | 0.36±0.03 b | 0.18±0.001 b | 31.19±1.98 b | 0.55±0.02 b | 1.94±0.13 b | |
GS2264 | CK | 14.51±1.07 a | 51.15±1.85 a | 10.39±0.74 a | 0.51±0.01 a | 0.28±0.002 a | 28.45±0.78 a | 0.69±0.04 a | 2.57±0.18 a |
LT | 6.82±1.92 b | 93.41±2.75 b | 6.51±0.51 b | 0.49±0.01 b | 0.07±0.001 b | 13.92±1.91 b | 0.42±0.01 b | 1.54±0.15 b |
表3 不同温度处理下2份玉米自交系的光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数
Table 3 Photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence of 2 maize in inbred lines under different temperature treatments
自交系 Inbred line | 处理 Treatment | 净光合速率 Pn/(μmol·m-2·s-1) | 胞间CO2浓度Ci/(μmol·m-2·s-1) | 气孔导度 Gs/(μmol·m-2·s-1) | 蒸腾速率 Tr/(mmol·m-2·s-1) | Rubisco活性 Rubisco activity/(mmol·m-2·s-1) | 水分利用效率 WUE | 最大光能转化效率 Fv/Fm | PSII的潜在光化学活性 Fv/Fo |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LY2030 | CK | 16.70±1.57 a | 52.04±2.41 b | 11.35±0.79 a | 0.49±0.02 a | 0.32±0.006 a | 34.08±1.11 a | 0.73±0.03 a | 2.61±0.11 a |
LT | 11.23±0.93 b | 62.24±1.25 a | 9.44±0.70 b | 0.36±0.03 b | 0.18±0.001 b | 31.19±1.98 b | 0.55±0.02 b | 1.94±0.13 b | |
GS2264 | CK | 14.51±1.07 a | 51.15±1.85 a | 10.39±0.74 a | 0.51±0.01 a | 0.28±0.002 a | 28.45±0.78 a | 0.69±0.04 a | 2.57±0.18 a |
LT | 6.82±1.92 b | 93.41±2.75 b | 6.51±0.51 b | 0.49±0.01 b | 0.07±0.001 b | 13.92±1.91 b | 0.42±0.01 b | 1.54±0.15 b |
图1 不同温度处理下2份玉米自交系的ROS注:不同小写字母表示同一自交系不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。
Fig. 1 ROS of 2 maize inbred lines under different temperature treatmentsNote:Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments of same inbred line at P<0.05 level.
图2 不同温度处理下2份玉米自交系的丙二醛和脯氨酸含量注:不同小写字母表示同一自交系不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。
Fig. 2 MDA content and proline content of 2 maize inbred lines under different temperature treatmentsNote: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments of same inbred line at P<0.05 level.
自交系 Inbred line | 处理 Treatment | SOD活性 SOD activity | POD活性 POD activity | CAT活性 CAT activity | APX活性 APX activity | GR活性 GR activity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LY2030 | CK | 1.99±0.09 b | 1.01±0.07 b | 0.28±0.03 b | 6.61±0.54 b | 4.06±0.08 b |
LT | 3.12±0.14 a | 2.07±0.12 a | 0.81±0.02 a | 8.30±0.39 a | 5.05±0.08 a | |
GS2264 | CK | 2.08±0.08 b | 0.84±0.05 b | 0.29±0.02 b | 6.04±0.25 a | 3.67±0.30 a |
LT | 2.84±0.14 a | 1.58±0.06 a | 0.66±0.05 a | 5.02±0.14 b | 2.53±0.35 b |
表4 不同温度处理下2份玉米自交系的抗氧化酶活性
Table 4 Antioxidant enzyme activities of 2 maize inbred lines under different temperature treatments (μmol·min-1·g-1)
自交系 Inbred line | 处理 Treatment | SOD活性 SOD activity | POD活性 POD activity | CAT活性 CAT activity | APX活性 APX activity | GR活性 GR activity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LY2030 | CK | 1.99±0.09 b | 1.01±0.07 b | 0.28±0.03 b | 6.61±0.54 b | 4.06±0.08 b |
LT | 3.12±0.14 a | 2.07±0.12 a | 0.81±0.02 a | 8.30±0.39 a | 5.05±0.08 a | |
GS2264 | CK | 2.08±0.08 b | 0.84±0.05 b | 0.29±0.02 b | 6.04±0.25 a | 3.67±0.30 a |
LT | 2.84±0.14 a | 1.58±0.06 a | 0.66±0.05 a | 5.02±0.14 b | 2.53±0.35 b |
图3 22个性状间的相关性分析注:Ci—胞间CO2浓度;O2·-—O2·-产生率;MDA—丙二醛;H2O2—H2O2含量;SOD—超氧化物歧化酶;CAT—过氧化氢酶;POD—过氧化物酶;Pro—脯氨酸;APX—抗坏血酸过氧化物酶;GR—谷胱甘肽还原酶;RSR—根冠比;SL—苗长;WUE—水分利用效率;RFW—根鲜重;SFW—苗鲜重;Gs—气孔导度;RL—根长;Pn—净光合速率;Rubisco—二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶;Fv/Fm—最大光能转化效率;Fv/Fo—潜在光化学活性;Tr—蒸腾速率;*和**分别表示P<0.05和P<0.01水平相关显著。
Fig. 3 Correlation analysis among 22 traitsNote:Ci—Intercellular CO2 concentration; O2·-—O2·- production rate; MDA—Malondialdehyde; H2O2—H2O2 content; SOD—Superoxide dismutase activity; CAT—Catalase activity; POD—Peroxidase activity; Pro—Proline; APX—Ascorbate peroxidase activity; GR—Glutathione reductase activity; RSR—Root-shoot ratio; SL—Seedling length; WUE—Water use efficiency; RFW—Root fresh weight; SFW—Seedling fresh weight; Gs—Stomatal conductance; RL—Root length; Pn—Net photosynthetic rate; Rubisco—Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase; Fv/Fm—Maximal light conversion efficiency; Fv/Fo—Potential photochemical activity; Tr—Transpiration rate; * and ** indicate significant correlations at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectoively.
图4 22个性状的主成分分析注:SL—苗长;RL—根长;SFW—苗鲜重;RFW—根鲜重;RSR—根冠比;MDA—丙二醛;Pro—脯氨酸;Pn—净光合速率;Tr—蒸腾速率;Ci—胞间CO2浓度;Gs—气孔导度;WUE—水分利用效率;Fv/Fm—最大光能转化效率;Fv/Fo—潜在光化学活性;O2·-—O2·-产生率;H2O2—H2O2含量;Rubisco—二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶;SOD—超氧化物歧化酶;POD—过氧化物酶;CAT—过氧化氢酶;APX—抗坏血酸过氧化物酶;GR—谷胱甘肽还原酶。
Fig. 4 Principal component analysis among 22 traitsNote:SL—Seedling length; RL—Root length; SFW—Seedling fresh weight; RFW—Root fresh weight; RSR—Root-shoot ratio; MDA—Malondialdehyde; Pro—Proline; Pn—Net photosynthetic rate; Tr—Transpiration rate; Ci—Intercellular CO2 concentration; Gs—Stomatal conductance; WUE—Water use efficiency; Fv/Fm—Maximal light conversion efficiency; Fv/Fo—Potential photochemical activity;O2·-—O2·- production rate; H2O2—H2O2 content; Rubisco—Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase; SOD—Superoxide dismutase; POD—Peroxidase; CAT—Catalase; APX—Ascorbate peroxidase; GR—Glutathione reductase.
图5 不同温度处理下2份玉米自交系8个候选基因的相对表达水平注:不同小写字母表示同一自交系不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。
Fig. 5 Relative expression level of 8 candidate genes of 2 maize genotypes under different temperature treatmentsNote: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments of same inbred line at P<0.05 level.
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