Study on the Flowering Biology and Pollination Characteristics of Goji Berries

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0198

Abstract

Abstract:

Insufficient pollination is one of the direct causes of flower and fruit drop in goji berries. Aiming to determine the flowering characteristics， ‘Ningqi 10’ was taking as material to analyze flowering period， including flower color， stigma receptivity， pollen vitality， and nectar secretion at different stages. The study also analyzed the pollination characteristics of common pollinating insects， such as the duration of a single visit to flowers and the number of pollen deposition on the stigma. The results showed that during 12~24 h after flowering and the petal color changed to light purple and white purple， the stigma receptivity， pollen vitality， and nectar secretion were the highest， with significant differences （P<0.05） compared to other stages. The number of pollen deposition on the stigma of common pollinating insects after a single visit （moths>bees>non cushioned bees） showed significant differences compared to natural pollination. The average duration of bees visiting purple flowers was 4.1 s， and the difference was extremely significant （P<0.01） compared to the duration of bees visiting yellow flowers （average 1.7 s）. The number of pollen deposition on the stigma of common pollinating insects after a single visit to flowers （moths>bees>non cushioned bees） showed significant differences compared to natural pollination. However， in terms of overall efficiency and the number of pollinating insect visits， it was recommended to introduce pollinating insects （such as bees） to enhance the assisted pollination of goji berries and improve the fruit setting and seed setting of ‘Ningqi 10’. The research results provided scientific basis for the development of assisted pollination measures for goji berries.

Key words: Ningxia goji berries, stigma receptivity, pollen vitality, regularity of nectar secretion, visiting flower duration, single pollination rate

摘要：

授粉不足是导致枸杞落花落果的直接原因之一，为了解枸杞的生殖生物学特点，以‘宁杞10号’为研究材料，测定其花期不同阶段的花部色态、柱头可授性和花粉活力等开花特性及泌蜜规律，并对其常见传粉昆虫的单次访花时长、柱头花粉沉降数等传粉特征进行分析。结果表明，在开花后12~24 h，花瓣颜色变为浅紫色和白紫色时，柱头可授性、花粉活力和泌蜜量均最高，相比其他几个阶段差异显著（P<0.05）。常见传粉昆虫单次访花后的柱头花粉沉降数（螟蛾>蜜蜂>无垫蜂）与自然传粉相比差异显著，蜜蜂对紫色花的访花时长均值为4.1 s，与对黄色花的访花时长（均值为1.7 s）相比差异极显著（P<0.01）；从整体效率和传粉昆虫访问数量而言，建议引入传粉昆虫（如蜜蜂）以加强枸杞辅助授粉，提高枸杞的坐果结实率。研究结果为制定枸杞辅助授粉措施提供科学依据。

关键词: 宁夏枸杞, 柱头可授性, 花粉活力, 泌蜜规律, 访花时长, 单次传粉量

CLC Number:

S663

Yunxing WAN, Ziyang YAN, Jun YAO, Liming GUO, Jinzhong ZHU, Jianning TANG, Caiyun QIAO, Haiou KUANG, Xueyang GONG, Dan YUE, Wenzheng ZHAO. Study on the Flowering Biology and Pollination Characteristics of Goji Berries[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(9): 34-43.

万云星, 闫自杨, 姚军, 郭立明, 朱金忠, 唐建宁, 乔彩云, 匡海鸥, 龚雪阳, 岳丹, 赵文正. 枸杞开花生物学及传粉特征研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(9): 34-43.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1 Description of flower color states at different stages of flowering period

花瓣展开时间

Petal unfolding time/h

主要特征Main characteristics

花瓣Petal

花药Anther

柱头Stigma

紫色，展开

Purple， unfolding

浅黄色，未开裂

Light yellow， not cracked

浅绿色，部分显露

Light green， partially exposed

浅紫色，展开

Light purple， unfolding

浅黄色，开裂

Light yellow， cracked

绿色，全部显露

Green， fully exposed

白紫色，向下弯曲

White purple， bend downwards

浅黄色，开裂

Light yellow， cracked

绿色，全部显露

Green， fully exposed

浅黄色，向下弯曲

Light yellow， bend downwards

浅黄色，开裂

Light yellow， cracked

绿色，全部显露

Green， fully exposed

黄褐色，向下弯曲

Yellow brown， bend downwards

褐化，开裂

Browning， cracking

绿色，全部显露

Green， fully exposed

浅褐色，大幅度向下弯曲

Light brown， significant downward bending

褐化，开裂

Browning， cracking，

褐化，向下弯曲

Browning， downward bending

褐色，大幅度向下弯曲

Brown， significant downward bending

褐化，开裂

Browning， cracking，

褐化，开始脱落

Browning， beginning to fall off

Fig. 1 Comparison of flower color， stigma receptivity， and pollen vitality at different flowering stagesA： Changes in flower color at different developmental stages； B： Changes in stigma acceptability at different developmental stages； C： Changes in pollen vitality under different developmental stages of medium culture methods； D： Changes in pollen viability under TTC culture at different developmental stages.

Fig. 2 Stigma receptivity and pollen vitality at different flowering stagesNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences （P<0.05）.

Fig. 3 Honey secretion patterns of goji berries at different flowering stagesA: Amount of honey secreted by goji berries at different flowering stages at different times; B: Sugar content of goji berry honey at different flowering stages at different times. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05); at 72 h after flowering, the nectar secretion is 0, so the sugar content of the nectar was not measured

Fig. 4 Comparison of the duration of a single visit by bees to different flower colorsNote： ** indicates significant difference at P<0.01 level.

Fig. 5 Comparison of stigma pollen deposition number after single visit by different pollinatorsNote： ** indicates significant difference at P<0.01 level.

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