Study on Differences in Phenolic Composition and Content of Pear Fruit

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0729

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to further clarify the spatial distribution characteristics of phenolic content in pear fruits， Wanxiu and 85-8-13 were as the test materials， and the distribution differences of total flavonoids， total phenols and phenolic composition content in different parts of pear fruits were investigated by UV spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the total phenol and total flavonoid contents in different parts of Wanxiu and 85-8-13 fruits were all showed peel>kernel>pulp （upper， middle， lower， inner and outer）， and the total phenol and total flavonoid contents in all parts of 85-18-13 fruits were significantly higher than those of Wanxiu. A total of 13 phenolics substances including arbutin， catechin， chlorogenic acid， epicatechin， rutin， quercetin glucoside， quercetin rhamnoside， kaempferol-dideoxyhexoside， kaempferol-3-O-glucoside， kaempferol-3-O-6-acetylglucoside， isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside， isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside， campheferol-3-O-rutinoside were detected in pear fruit， among which， Wanxiu fruit had a wide variety of phenolic substances components and 85-18-13 had higher content of phenolic substances fraction. The distribution of various phenolic substances in pear fruits showed peel>kernel>pulp， and the content of arbutin in the pulp near the pedicel was higher than those in other parts of fruit， and the contents of chlorogenic acid and epicatechin were higher in the pulp near the calyx pits. Comprehensive evaluation of the main components showed that the score of peel was much higher than those of kernel and pulp， the contents of phenolics in pulp near fruit centre and calyx pits of Wanxiu were higher， while the contents of phenolics in pulp near fruit peduncle and calyx pits of 85-8-13 were slightly higher than those of the rest of the parts. Above results provided a supplement and reference for pear quality control and genetic improvement.

Key words: pear, parts, flavonoids, phenols, phenolic substances

摘要：

为进一步明确梨果实中酚类物质含量的空间分布特征，选取晚秀和85-8-13为试材，采用紫外分光光度法及高效液相色谱法，开展梨果实不同部位总黄酮、总酚及酚类物质组成含量的分布差异研究。结果表明，晚秀和85-8-13果实不同部位的总酚、总黄酮含量均表现为果皮>果核>果肉（上、中、下、内、外），且85-18-13果实各部位的总酚、总黄酮含量均显著高于晚秀。梨果实中检测出熊果苷、儿茶素、绿原酸、表儿茶素、芦丁、槲皮葡萄糖苷、槲皮素鼠李糖苷、山柰酚-双脱氧己糖苷、山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷、山柰酚-3-O-6-乙酰葡萄糖苷、异鼠李素-3-O-葡糖苷、异鼠李素-3-O-芸香糖苷、莰菲醇-3-O-芸香糖苷共13种酚类物质，其中晚秀果实中的酚类物质的种类更多，而85-18-13酚类物质的含量更高。梨果实中各酚类物质含量均表现为果皮>果核>果肉，且近果梗处果肉的熊果苷含量均高于其他部位；其次为近萼洼处果肉的绿原酸、表儿茶素含量较高。主成分综合评价表明，果皮得分远高于果核及果肉，晚秀在近果心和萼洼处果肉的酚类物质含量较高，而85-8-13在近果梗和萼洼处果肉的酚类物质含量略高于其余部位。以上研究结果为梨品质调控与遗传改良提供了补充和参考。

关键词: 梨, 部位, 黄酮, 总酚, 酚类物质

CLC Number:

S661

Xiaofeng ZHOU, Xiangyu LI, Lan FENG, Cuiyun WU. Study on Differences in Phenolic Composition and Content of Pear Fruit[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(3): 153-161.

周晓凤, 李湘钰, 冯岚, 吴翠云. 梨果实酚类物质组成及含量差异研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(3): 153-161.

Figures/Tables 7

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组分 Component	晚秀 Wanxiu	85-8-13	显著性Significant
熊果苷Arbutin	989.22	1 255.70	**
儿茶素 Catechin	85.71	73.40	**
绿原酸 Chlorogenic acid	175.47	483.53	**
表儿茶素 Epicatechin	182.92	369.17	**
山柰酚-双脱氧己糖苷 Kaempferol hexoside-dideoxyhexoside	66.31	0.18	**
芦丁 Rutin	18.35	118.44	**
莰菲醇-3-O-芸香糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside	2.92	9.05	**
槲皮素葡萄糖苷 Quercetin glucoside	120.76	—	—
槲皮素鼠李糖苷 Quercetin rhamnoside	20.87	18.22	ns
异鼠李素3-O-芸香糖苷 Isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside	71.36	—	—
山柰酚3-O-葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside	51.63	311.40	**
异鼠李素-3-O-葡糖苷 Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside	0.89	3.05	**
山柰酚-3-O-6-乙酰葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol-3-O-6-acetylglucoside hexoside	30.58	31.37	ns

组分 Component	晚秀 Wanxiu	85-8-13	显著性Significant
熊果苷Arbutin	989.22	1 255.70	**
儿茶素 Catechin	85.71	73.40	**
绿原酸 Chlorogenic acid	175.47	483.53	**
表儿茶素 Epicatechin	182.92	369.17	**
山柰酚-双脱氧己糖苷 Kaempferol hexoside-dideoxyhexoside	66.31	0.18	**
芦丁 Rutin	18.35	118.44	**
莰菲醇-3-O-芸香糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside	2.92	9.05	**
槲皮素葡萄糖苷 Quercetin glucoside	120.76	—	—
槲皮素鼠李糖苷 Quercetin rhamnoside	20.87	18.22	ns
异鼠李素3-O-芸香糖苷 Isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside	71.36	—	—
山柰酚3-O-葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside	51.63	311.40	**
异鼠李素-3-O-葡糖苷 Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside	0.89	3.05	**
山柰酚-3-O-6-乙酰葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol-3-O-6-acetylglucoside hexoside	30.58	31.37	ns

品种（系） Variety （line）	组分 Componen	果皮 Peel	果核 Stone	果肉Pulp
品种（系） Variety （line）	组分 Componen	果皮 Peel	果核 Stone	上部 Upper	中部 Middle	下部 Lower	内部 Internal	外部External
晚秀 Wanxiu	山柰酚-双脱氧己糖苷 Kaempferol hexoside-dideoxyhexoside	66.31	—	—	—	—	—	—
	芦丁 Rutin	18.35	—	—	—	—	—	—
	莰菲醇-3-O-芸香糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside	2.92	—	—	—	—	—	—
	槲皮素葡萄糖苷 Quercetin glucoside	120.76	—	—	—	—	—	—
	槲皮素鼠李糖苷 Quercetin rhamnoside	20.87	—	—	—	—	—	—
	异鼠李素3-O-芸香糖苷 Isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside	71.36	—	—	—	—	—	—
	山柰酚3-O-葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside	51.63	—	—	—	—	—	—
	异鼠李素-3-O-葡糖苷 Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside	1.37	0.41	—	—	—	—	—
	山柰酚-3-O-6-乙酰葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol-3-O-6-acetylglucoside hexoside	30.58	—	—	—	—	—	—
85-8-13	山柰酚-双脱氧己糖苷 Kaempferol hexoside-dideoxyhexoside	0.18	—	—	—	—	—	—
	芦丁 Rutin	236.27	—	—	—	0.62	—	—
	莰菲醇-3-O-芸香糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside	16.82	—	—	—	1.28	—	—
	槲皮素鼠李糖苷 Quercetin rhamnoside	18.22	—	—	—	—	—	—
	山柰酚3-O-葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside	620.85	—	—	—	1.94	—	—
	异鼠李素-3-O-葡糖苷 Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside	3.05	—	—	—	—	—	—
	山柰酚-3-O-6-乙酰葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol-3-O-6-acetylglucoside hexoside	31.37	—	—	—	—	—	—

品种（系） Variety （line）	组分 Componen	果皮 Peel	果核 Stone	果肉Pulp
品种（系） Variety （line）	组分 Componen	果皮 Peel	果核 Stone	上部 Upper	中部 Middle	下部 Lower	内部 Internal	外部External
晚秀 Wanxiu	山柰酚-双脱氧己糖苷 Kaempferol hexoside-dideoxyhexoside	66.31	—	—	—	—	—	—
	芦丁 Rutin	18.35	—	—	—	—	—	—
	莰菲醇-3-O-芸香糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside	2.92	—	—	—	—	—	—
	槲皮素葡萄糖苷 Quercetin glucoside	120.76	—	—	—	—	—	—
	槲皮素鼠李糖苷 Quercetin rhamnoside	20.87	—	—	—	—	—	—
	异鼠李素3-O-芸香糖苷 Isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside	71.36	—	—	—	—	—	—
	山柰酚3-O-葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside	51.63	—	—	—	—	—	—
	异鼠李素-3-O-葡糖苷 Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside	1.37	0.41	—	—	—	—	—
	山柰酚-3-O-6-乙酰葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol-3-O-6-acetylglucoside hexoside	30.58	—	—	—	—	—	—
85-8-13	山柰酚-双脱氧己糖苷 Kaempferol hexoside-dideoxyhexoside	0.18	—	—	—	—	—	—
	芦丁 Rutin	236.27	—	—	—	0.62	—	—
	莰菲醇-3-O-芸香糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside	16.82	—	—	—	1.28	—	—
	槲皮素鼠李糖苷 Quercetin rhamnoside	18.22	—	—	—	—	—	—
	山柰酚3-O-葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside	620.85	—	—	—	1.94	—	—
	异鼠李素-3-O-葡糖苷 Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside	3.05	—	—	—	—	—	—
	山柰酚-3-O-6-乙酰葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol-3-O-6-acetylglucoside hexoside	31.37	—	—	—	—	—	—

指标 Index	主成分Principal component
指标 Index	晚秀Wanxiu	85-8-13
熊果苷Arbutin	0.993	0.998
儿茶素 Catechin	0.993	0.995
绿原酸 Chlorogenic acid	0.528	0.798
表儿茶素 Epicatechin	0.999	1.000
山柰酚-双脱氧己糖苷 Kaempferol hexoside-dideoxyhexoside	0.997	0.996
芦丁 Rutin	0.997	0.996
莰菲醇-3-O-芸香糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside	0.997	0.993
槲皮素葡萄糖苷 Quercetin glucoside	0.997	—
槲皮素鼠李糖苷 Quercetin rhamnoside	0.997	0.996
异鼠李素3-O-芸香糖苷 Isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside	0.997	—
山柰酚3-O-葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside	0.997	0.996
异鼠李素-3-O-葡糖苷 Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside	0.975	0.996
山柰酚-3-O-6-乙酰葡萄糖苷 Kaempferol-3-O-6-acetylglucoside hexoside	0.997	0.996
特征值 Eigenvalue	12.148	10.559
贡献率 Contribution rate/%	93.448	95.993
累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/%	93.448	95.993