Abstract:

In order to reveal the soil salinization characteristics of facility vineyards with different planting years and their effects on microbial communities， facility vineyards planted for 0 （farmland soil）， 1~5， 6~10， 10~15 and >15 a were selected for investigation and sampling， and soil salt content， salt separators， microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen， and microbial community structure were analyzed. The results showed that the soil salt content of facility vineyard was significantly higher than that of farmland， and there was an obvious salinization trend. The increase of planting years aggravated the risk of soil salinization， and only the farmland soil was mildly saline， and the soil of the facility vineyard was moderately or severely saline， with a salt content of 3.47~5.12 g·kg^-1. With the increase of planting years， the soluble cations and anions in each soil layer mainly increased with Na⁺ and SO{}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\mathrm{2}}^-， and the contents of Ca²⁺， Mg²⁺， K⁺， Na⁺， SO{}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\mathrm{2}}^- and Cl^- in the surface soil showed a positive correlation with the salt content， and the correlation between Cl^-，SO{}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\mathrm{2}}^- and the salt content reached a significant level. There was a positive correlation between soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content and salt content， and the relationship between salt content and microbial biomass nitrogen was significant， and the microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content was the lowest at facility vineyards planted for 6~10 a， which was 108.49 and 7.72 mg·kg^-1， respectively， which was 55.66% and 80.97% lower than that of farmland soil. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in soil bacterial communities of different planting years decreased with the increase of planting years， from 35.71% and 23.46% of 1~5 a to 31.60% and 11.61% when planting years >15 a. The relative abundance of firmicutes showed an upward trend with the increase of planting years. Cl^-， Ca²⁺， K⁺ and Na⁺ were significant negatively correlated with the Shannon index of bacteria， and the correlation coefficient was between 0.89~0.98. In summary， with the increase of planting years， the degree of soil salinization increased， the soil bacterial diversity decreased， and the fungal diversity increased.

Key words: facility grape, planting years, soil salinization, salt ion, microbial diversity

摘要：

为揭示不同种植年限的设施葡萄园土壤盐渍化特征及其对微生物群落的影响，选取种植0（农田土壤）、1~5、6~10、10~15、>15 a的设施葡萄园进行调研取样，分析土壤含盐量、盐分离子、微生物量碳氮与微生物群落结构。结果表明，设施葡萄园土壤含盐量显著高于农田土壤，有明显的盐渍化趋势；种植年限的增加加剧了土壤盐渍化风险，表层土壤中仅农田土壤为轻度盐渍土，设施葡萄园土壤均为中度或重度盐渍土，含盐量在3.47~5.12 g·kg^-1。随种植年限的增加，各土层可溶性阴、阳离子以SO{}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\mathrm{2}}^-和Na⁺的增加为主，并且表层土壤中Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺、Na⁺、SO{}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\mathrm{2}}^-、Cl^-含量与含盐量之间均呈正相关，Cl^-、SO{}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\mathrm{2}}^-与含盐量的相关性均达到显著水平；土壤微生物量碳、氮与含盐量呈正相关，其中含盐量与微生物量氮呈显著正相关，6~10 a的设施葡萄园土壤微生物量碳、氮含量最低，分别为108.49 和7.72 mg·kg^-1，比农田土壤降低55.66%和80.97%。不同种植年限土壤细菌群落中变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）的相对丰度均随种植年限的增加呈下降趋势，由1~5 a的35.71%、23.46%分别降低到>15 a的31.60%、11.61%；厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）的相对丰度随种植年限的增加表现出上升的趋势。Cl^-、Ca²⁺、K⁺、Na⁺含量与细菌Shannon指数呈显著负相关，相关系数在0.89~0.98。综上所述，随着种植年限的增加，设施葡萄园土壤盐渍化程度加重，土壤细菌多样性下降，真菌多样性上升。

关键词: 设施葡萄, 种植年限, 土壤盐渍化, 盐分离子, 微生物多样性