Abstract:

Livestock and poultry germplasm resources are the basis of germplasm innovation. It is a great significance to improve the core competitiveness of Chinese animal husbandry in the international market， increase farmers’ income， and realize the sustainable development of animal husbandry by independent cultivation of good seed lines with excellent traits and stable inheritance. The innovation of livestock and poultry germplasm resources is to optimize the germplasm characteristics through modern biological breeding methods， so that the breeding offspring can preserve more genetic information of good parental traits and enhance the economic value of livestock and poultry products. The utilization of livestock and poultry germplasm resources is mainly to supply human nutrition and production needs in the form of meat， milk， eggs and other livestock and poultry products. At present， Chinese germplasm resources are very rich， but there are still deficiencies in the innovation and utilization of germplasm resources. In this review， we summarized the basic situation and existing problems of the conservation and utilization of livestock and poultry germplasm resources， and breeding recommendations for new germplasm of livestock and poultry was expounded. On this basis， it was prospected the breeding goal， breeding considerations and industrial development of new germplasm of livestock and poultry. We hope to provide suggestions for the subsequent breeding of livestock and poultry breeds and the rational utilization of various livestock and poultry germplasm.

Key words: livestock and poultry, germplasm resources, innovation, utilization

摘要：

畜禽种质资源是种质创新的基础，自主培育具有优良性状并能够稳定遗传的良种品系，对提高我国畜牧业在国际市场的核心竞争力、增加农民收入、实现畜牧业可持续发展意义重大。畜禽种质资源的创新是通过现代生物育种手段进行种质特性的优化，使繁育后代保存更多亲本优良性状的遗传信息，增强畜禽产品的经济价值。畜禽种质资源的利用主要是以肉、奶、蛋等畜禽产品的形式供应人类营养和生产需求。我国的种质资源蕴藏量十分丰富，但在种质资源的创新和利用上仍然存在很多问题。综述了目前畜禽种质资源保护和利用的基本情况及存在的问题，阐述了畜禽新种质资源的育种建议，并对畜禽新种质资源的育种目标、育种注意事项和产业发展进行展望，以期为畜禽良种的培育和各类畜禽种质的合理利用提供参考。

关键词: 畜禽, 种质资源, 创新, 利用