Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (8): 182-191.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0271

• BIO-MANUFACTURING & RESOURCE AND ECOLOGY • Previous Articles    

Effects of Different Sowing Rates and Sowing Methods on the Nutrient Absorption, Utilization and Yield of Winter Rapeseed in Yellow Soil

Quanquan WEI1,2(), Ying GAO3, Jiulan GOU2, Meng ZHANG2, Yong RAO1, Bin YANG1, Di FAN4, Wenhao FENG4, Huagui XIAO1()   

  1. 1.Institute of Oil Crops,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science,Guiyang 550006,China
    2.Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science,Guiyang 550006,China
    3.Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Qianxi County,Guizhou Bijie 551500,China
    4.Guizhou Provincial Crop Technology Extension Station,Guiyang 550001,China
  • Received:2021-03-29 Accepted:2021-06-01 Online:2022-08-15 Published:2022-08-22
  • Contact: Huagui XIAO

播种量和播种方式对冬油菜养分吸收利用及产量的影响

魏全全1,2(), 高英3, 芶久兰2, 张萌2, 饶勇1, 杨斌1, 凡迪4, 冯文豪4, 肖华贵1()   

  1. 1.贵州省农业科学院油料研究所, 贵阳 550006
    2.贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所, 贵阳 550006
    3.贵州省毕节市黔西县农业农村局, 贵州 毕节 551500
    4.贵州省农作物技术推广总站, 贵阳 550001
  • 通讯作者: 肖华贵
  • 作者简介:魏全全 E-mail:weiquan0725@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200903);财政部和农业农村部国家油菜产业技术体系项目(CARS-12);贵州省人才基地建设项目(RCJD2018-14)

Abstract:

To study the effects of sowing methods and sowing rates on nutrient utilization and yield of winter rapeseed in yellow soil, taking ‘Yangguang 131’ as material in Qianxi county of Guizhou province, the sowing methods were set including sow broadcast (SB), sowing in drill (TB) and sowing in hole (XB), and the sowing rates were set including 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5 and 9.0 kg·hm-2 to determine the biomass, nutrient absorption and utilization, yield and its components of different treatments. The results showed that, under the same sowing rate, the biomasses, accumulations of nutrients, fertilizer use efficiencies and yields under TB treatments were higher than those under SB and XB treatments, and firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of seeding rates under same sowing method, which were higher with sowing rate 6.0 kg·hm-2. The biomasses of TB6.0 treatment in 2018—2019 and 2019—2020 were 9 798 and 10 351 kg·hm-2, respectively, which were higher than other treatments by 615~3 196 and 254~2 714 kg·hm-2. The average accumulations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of TB6.0 treatment were 129.8, 32.6 and 213.9 kg·hm-2, respectively, which were higher than other treatments. And the average yield of TB6.0 treatment were 2 657 kg·hm-2, which increased by 14.6% and 7.6%, respectively, compared with SB6.0 and XB6.0 treatments. In conclusion, in the case of non-thinning and uneven seedlings, the suitable sowing method for winter rape in Guizhou was sowed in drill with seeding rate 6.0 kg·hm-2, which provided theoretical and scientific basis for scientific planting of winter rapeseed in yellow soil of Guizhou.

Key words: yellow soil, winter rapeseed, sowing rate, sowing method, yield, nutrient absorption and utilization

摘要:

为探究黄壤土条件下不同播种量及播种方式对冬油菜养分吸收及养分利用及产量的影响,连续2年在贵州省黔西县黄壤田以‘阳光131’为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,以播种方式为主区,设置撒播(SB)、条播(TB)和穴播(XB)3种方式;以播种量为副区,设置3.0、4.5、6.0、7.5和9.0 kg·hm-2共5个水平,测定不同播种量及播种方式下冬油菜生物量、养分吸收利用、产量及其构成因子。结果表明,相同播种量下,不同播种方式冬油菜的生物量、养分累积量、肥料利用效率和产量均表现为条播优于撒播和穴播;相同播种方式下,冬油菜的生物量、养分累积量、肥料利用效率和产量均表现为随着播种量的增加先升高后降低,以播种量为6.0 kg·hm-2时最高。TB6.0处理2年的生物量分别为9 798和10 351 kg·hm-2,较其他处理提高615~3 196和254~2 714 kg·hm-2;且氮、磷、钾的累积量分别平均为129.8、32.6和213.9 kg·hm-2,均高于其他处理;2年的平均产量为2 657 kg·hm-2,较SB6.0和XB6.0处理分别提高14.6%和7.6%。综上所述,在不间苗、不匀苗的情况下,条播为贵州冬油菜的最优直播方式,播种量以6.0 kg·hm-2为宜,研究结果为贵州黄壤田冬油菜的科学种植提供了理论和科学依据。

关键词: 黄壤, 冬油菜, 播种量, 播种方式, 产量, 养分吸收利用

CLC Number: