Abstract:

To explore the optimal fermentation conditions and the effects of additives for sisal waste， and to improve the quality of sisal waste compost， a fermentation experiment was conducted using sisal waste as the test material. The experiment was set up with 2 fermentation conditions （aerobic and anaerobic） and 4 additive treatments （no additives， microbial inoculants alone， lime alone and a combination of microbial inoculants and lime）. The color， smell and nutrient content of the sisal waste fermentation products were measured. The results showed that， under aerobic condition， the color of the fermentation products generally changed from yellow to brown， while under anaerobic condition， the trend was the opposite. The rancidness smell of sisal waste fermentation products was stronger under anaerobic condition compared to aerobic condition. Adding microbial inoculants under aerobic condition reduced the rancidness smell of the products， while adding lime reduced the rancidness smell under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The pH of the fermentation liquid under anaerobic condition （5.0~8.3） was generally lower than that under aerobic condition （7.4~8.9）. The total nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium contents of the solid-state fermentation products of sisal waste treated with different methods were 11.3~19.5， 1.8~3.8 and 0.9~4.3 g·kg^-1， respectively， while the fermentation liquid had total nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium contents of 39.9~233.3， 5.0~153.5 and 0.58~0.85 mg·kg^-1， respectively. The addition of inoculants resulted in the highest total nitrogen and phosphorus contents in solid-state fermentation products， averaging 17.6 and 3.5 g·kg^-1， respectively， under aerobic condition. Compared to the 2 fermentation conditions， the phosphorus content of the fermentation liquid under anaerobic condition was generally higher than those under aerobic condition， especially with the addition of inoculants， where it significantly increased， averaging 84.5 mg·kg^-1. Under the same additive treatments， the overall mass loss rate of sisal waste under anaerobic condition was lower than that under aerobic condition. The addition of lime significantly reduced the mass loss rate of sisal waste. The potassium loss rate of sisal waste was relatively high， reaching 75.9%~82.2%. In conclusion， sisal waste performed better under aerobic condition for fermentation， microbial inoculants facilitated the decomposition of sisal waste， and lime could reduce the smell of sisal waste fermentation products. However， the effectiveness of inoculants decreased when mixed with lime. It was recommended to use aerobic condition with the addition of microbial inoculants and a small amount of lime for the fermentation treatment of sisal waste in production.

Key words: sisal waste, aerobic, anaerobic, microbial inoculants, lime, decomposition

摘要：

为探索剑麻渣最佳发酵条件及添加剂使用效果，提高剑麻渣堆肥品质，以剑麻渣为供试材料，设置好氧、厌氧2种发酵条件和无添加剂、单独添加菌剂、单独添加石灰、添加菌剂+石灰4个添加剂处理，测定剑麻渣发酵产物颜色、气味及养分含量等指标。结果表明，好氧条件下，各处理发酵产物颜色总体由黄色向褐色转变，而厌氧条件下变化趋势相反。厌氧条件下剑麻渣发酵产物臭味比好氧条件下浓烈。好氧条件下，添加微生物菌剂可减轻产物臭味；添加石灰不论在好氧还是厌氧条件下均可减轻产物臭味。厌氧条件下，发酵液pH（5.0~8.3）普遍低于好氧条件（7.4~8.9）。不同处理剑麻渣发酵固态产物全氮、全磷、全钾含量分别为11.3~19.5、1.8~3.8、0.9~4.3 g·kg^-1，发酵液全氮、全磷、全钾含量分别为39.9~233.3、5.0~153.5、0.58~0.85 mg·kg^-1。好氧条件下，添加菌剂处理固态产物全氮、全磷含量均最高，平均分别达17.6、3.5 g·kg^-1。2种发酵条件相比，厌氧条件下发酵液全磷含量普遍高于好氧条件，特别是添加菌剂处理发酵液全磷含量显著提高，平均达84.5 mg·kg^-1。在相同添加剂处理下，厌氧条件下剑麻渣质量损失率均低于好氧条件。添加石灰处理剑麻渣质量及氮、磷、钾损失率均显著降低，剑麻渣钾损失率较大，高达75.9%~82.2%。综上，剑麻渣在好氧条件下发酵效果较好，添加微生物菌剂有助于剑麻渣腐熟，添加石灰可减轻剑麻渣发酵产物臭味，菌剂与石灰混合添加时菌剂效果有所下降。建议生产上采用好氧条件下添加微生物菌剂和少量石灰对剑麻渣进行发酵处理。

关键词: 剑麻渣, 好氧, 厌氧, 微生物菌剂, 石灰, 腐解