Table of Content

15 February 2008, Volume 10 Issue 1

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Implementing Ecosystem Oriented Poverty Elimination Strategy to |Improve Overall Impact of Ecological Construction and Poverty Elimination

ZHANG Li-jian, LV Kai-yu, ZHU Li-zhi

2008, 10(1):  1-5. 

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Poverty elimination development and ecosystem construction are two important tasks of China＇s social development. Development oriented poverty elimination and ecosystem construction have made great achievements since the policy of reform and opening-up was implemented. However, owing to the fact that the targets of these two programs were different, there are a large overlaps between the two programs during the past three decades.Therefore,it is of great significance to implement ecosystem oriented poverty elimination strategy, to give attention to both goals of poverty elimination and eco-environment improvement, so as to improve the total effect, and to construct new socialist rural areas and harmonious society. Four major objectives for implementing ecosystem oriented poverty elimination strategy have been suggested in the end of this paper.

Models and Strategic Counter Measures for Circular |Agriculture Development in China

TANG Hua-jun

2008, 10(1):  6-11. 

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This paper proposes a systematic definition of circular agriculture and describes its basic features and implications. With reference to the circular economy models of the Dupont Corporation, the Kalundborg Industrial Symbiosis of Denmark, the DSD recycling system of Germany and the recycling society of Ayacho, Japan, it further categorizes prevailing models for the development of circular agriculture in China and analyzes their typical characteristics and the major problems for circular agriculture development. The paper concludes with policy suggestions and strategies for the development of circular economy in China＇s agricultural sector. 
         

Productivity and Drought Resistance of Alfalfa

SHAN Lun, ZHANG Sui-qi, LI Wen-rao

2008, 10(1):  12-17. 

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Alfalfa（Medicago sativa） has a long cultivation history in China. Up to now, its extension is still slow, although it has been sparkplugged for a long period of time. One of the important reasons is lacking a full understand about its adaptation to stress environment. In this paper, alfalfa＇s productivity, water consumption rule and adaptation to arid conditions in semi-arid and semi-humid regions were discussed. The paper poinnts out that its characteristics of high water consumption and the low water efficiency may lead to productivity change and limitation in regional development. On the basis of our experiments and other researchers＇ work, this paper raises several suggestions for the further development of alfalfa production in northen China.

Cowpea Trypsin Inhibitor Gene （cpti） and its Application |in Insect Resistance Transgenic plants

XU Hong-lin, ZHAI Hong-li, WANG Feng, PIAO Jian-hua, YANG Xiao-guang| ZHU Zhen

2008, 10(1):  18-27. 

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Cowpea trypsin inhibitor （ CpTI ） is derived from the edible part of cowpea, cpti gene is an important candidate gene in plant genetic engineering for its broad insect resistance spectrum, and ability of delaying the insect resistance. At present, cpti gene has been transformed into tobacco, rice, cotton and tomato etc. This paper intro- duces the characteristics of CpTI, its insect resistance mechanism and research progress in gene engineering, including the research and safety evaluation of cpti transgenic rice. CpTI belongs to the Bowman-Birk family, which plays an active role in preventing cancer occurrence and as an assistant therapy, and is applied as an anticarcinogenic agent without any toxicity to human beings.

Relationship Between Insect Resistance to Bt Crops and |Cadherin-like Protein in Their Midgut

ZHANG Ying, LIANG Ge-mei| LEI Chao-liang, WU Kong-ming

2008, 10(1):  28-33. 

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Bt crops,one kinds of GM crops that express Cry1Ac or Cry1Ab protein have been commercialized worldwide. They are playing an important role in controlling insect pests. The issue of resistance evolution of the target pests is a key factor influencing the sustainable utilization of Bt crops. Through analyzing the biological characteristics of cadherin-like protein that is the main receptor of Bt Cry1A toxin, and its binding action  with Bt toxin, this paper discusses the relation between gene mutation and Bt resistance, and summarizes the research progress achieved in DNA-based approaches for molecular detection of insect resistance.

Progress of Genetic Research and QTL Analysis for Grain Shape in Rice

LI Mao-mao, XU Lei, LIU Chang-wen, CAO Gui-lan|HE Hao-hua, HAN Long-zhi

2008, 10(1):  34-42. 

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Graln shape is one of the important factors, which were associated with rice yield. It is not only directly correlated with grain yield, but also indirectly affects the rice quality. Therefore, research works concerning genetics of grain shape, the relativities between grain shape, rice grain qualities, and OTLs of grain shape characteristics have been paid wide attention by the people. Up to now, many research activities have obtained remarkable progress in these areas. But most of the results were obtained by using genetic materials derived from a crossing between Indica/ Indica or Indica/Japonica. There are few research activities carried out for studying the genetic characteristics of genetic materials crossed between Japonica and Japonica and all these studies were mainly focused on grain length, grain width, ratio of grain length to width and grain weight. Few studies were concentrated on grain thickness. Therefore, attention should be paid to strengthen studies related to genetic and molecular mechanism of grain shape in Japonica rice, the inheritance of grain thickness, and relationships between grain shape and rice function components in the future.

Present Status and Development Tendency for Conservation |Tillage and Rice No.Tilling Cultivation Technology

WU Wen-ge| ZHANG Jian-mei|ZHANG Si-hai, ZHANG Yu-hai

2008, 10(1):  43-51. 

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This paper summarizes the origin, concept and connotation of conservation tillage, and the present situation, development tendency of the technology development both abroad and at home, lays emphasis on discussion about the technology pattern of conservation tillage in paddy field. It also introduces the cultivation modes of no-tilling direct sowing, seedling-broadcast and no-tilling seedling-broadcast, as well as their research progress, discusses the major problems of no-tilling technology existing in paddy field and makes expectation on the innovation of paddy field no-tilling technology.

Research Progress on Degradation and Metabolism of Foreign |DNA in Genetically Modified Food （GMF）

ZHANG Xing-min, YU Hong-min, WEI Jian, GAO Guan-nan, ZHANG Ke-wei

2008, 10(1):  52-57. 

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This article reviews the research progress in the degradation of foreign DNA derived from GMF during food processing and in gastrointestinal tract, and the metabolism of foreign DNA within the body. Physical and chemical factors such as heat, pressure and pH in food processing contribute to the degradation of foreign DNA. Different processing methods will bear different degrees of DNA degradation, while most of food-derived DNA will be degraded in the gastrointestinal tract, some fragments, however, are likely to be detected in the gastrointestinal tract, blood, other tissues or organs. There are also controversies over whether foreign DNA could be transmitted to gut microorganisms, oral microorganisms or body cells. Clear evidence is still lacking.

Development and Prospect of Genetic Use |Restriction Technologies （GURTs）

LIU Rong-rong, WEN Xue

2008, 10(1):  58-62. 

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Contents of two types of genetic use restriction technology （GURTs） are introduced in this paper. It also analyzes the functional mechanisms and potential impacts, especially their possibilities to prevent transgene escape. The current international debate over the risks and the benefits of their application in transgenic crops are discussed.

Current Production Situation and Suggestion for |Development of Livestock Industry in China

PU Hua,ZHENG Yan, WANG Ji-min

2008, 10(1):  63-66. 

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Modern livestock industry is an important component in modern agriculture of China. Based on summing up the main achievements gained during ＂The Tenth Five-year Plan＂ period, this paper analyzes the major restrictive factors for animal husbandry development, and puts forward several strategic measures for constructing modern livestock industry.

Discussion on the Management of a Participatory Method-oriented |Agricultural Industrialization Project——Taking a Comprehensive Agricultural Development Project as an Example

JING Wei, HOU Jun-qi| LIU Lu-min

2008, 10(1):  67-75. 

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This paper analyzes the present status of agricultural industrialization project management by cases, points out that the reason for unsuccessful implementation of these projects lies on the fact that farmers, the ma in bodies, are neglected at each stage of the project from application to implementation by various units like capital management units and the applying units. Therefore, the paper puts forward the model of participatory method-oriented agricultural industrialization project management, which can attract farmers to participate actively in the project, so as to improve project performance, raise the farmers＇ income and promote the harmonious development as well.

Buds Induction and High-frequency Plant Regeneration of |Salivia miltiorrhiza Bunge

XU Miao-yun| SUN Qi-zhong

2008, 10(1):  76-80. 

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A direct induction of adventitious buds and in vitro plantlet regeneration system for Salivia miltiorrhiza Bunge was optimized by studying the influences of genotype, explants type （young stem, petiole and leaf） and different concentration of BA, IBA and surcose. Leaf explants from 99-5 seedlings showed maximum buds induction. The plant growth regulator BA （0. 1 mg·L^-1） was effective in stimulating shoot regeneration from leeaf explants of S. miltiorrhiza. The highest efficiency of bud formation was observed with a 30-day culture in MS containing 1.0 mg ·L^-1 BA. The regenerated buds were transferred to MS medium containing 0.1 mg·L^-1 BA for elongation. When the shoots were about 3.5 cm in height, they were transferred to 1/2-strengh MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L^-1 IBA and 10% sucrose to induce rooting.

The Comparative Analysis of the Attached Bacterial Flora in the Gill and |Body Surface of Epinephelus awoara in Cages by PCR-DGGE

LIU Yu-chun, ZHOU Zhi-gang, SHI Peng-jun, HE Su-xu, YAO Bin, HAN Shao-feng

2008, 10(1):  81-86. 

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Comparative analysis of the attached bacterial flora in the gill and body surface of Epinephelus awoara cultured in cages over sea was conducted by 16S rDNA and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）. The results showed that the structure of those of the attached bacterial flora in the gill was relatively simple with absolute predominant bacterial species, and the structure in the body surface was relatively complicate without absolute predominant species. The cluster analysis showed that bigger difference （52% similarity） existed between the structure of the attached bacterial flora in the gill and body surface. However, higher simmilarity was found between different individual samples. The sequences show the attached bacterial flora in the gill and body surface were dominated by uncultured bacteria, and the absolute predominant bacterium in the gill was Pantoea sp. and the predominant bacteria in the body surface were Meiothermus sp. , uncultured Acinetobacter sp. , WautersieUa falsenii and another uncultured bacterium, which indicated that the combined prebiotics might be practical in production. The present study validated that the technique of PCR-DGGE could differentiate the variety of the attached bacterial flora in the gill and body surface in Epinephelus awoara, and could help to screen the planting-prebiotics in marine finfish culture.

Study on Calculation and Application of the Integrated Productive Capacity of Cultivated Land |——A Case Study of Bazhou City

LIU Yu, MEN Ming-xin, XU Hao, LIU Shu-qing

2008, 10(1):  87-92. 

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The results of cultivated land classification provide a new approach to calculate the integrated productive capacity of cultivated land. Based on the database of cultivated land classification in Bazhou city, in order to evaluate the productive capacity of cultivated land at different levels and to make clear the distribution of the productive capacity, this paper builds up a system for calculating the productive capacity of cultivated land, including natural production potential, accessible production potential, current productivity and actual crop production, and then provides relevant calculation models. Then key protected land regions and priority settlement land regions are divided by applying the results of these calculation modles. A quantitative analysis on comprehensive priorities of various arable lands in each village and town was conducted through these models. By clustering analysis of SPSS, 13 towns are classified into 4 groups, and key protected land regions and priority settlement land regions are rowed up, and each group will have its own development orientation.

Damage Assessment of Marine Spilling Oil Accident |on the Natural Fishery Resources

SHEN Xin-qiang| DING Yue-ping, YUAN Qi

2008, 10(1):  93-97. 

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The impact assessment index and method of marine spilling oil accident on the natural fishery resources are approached taking the accident which occurred in the coastal fishing ground of Zhoushan in April 22 of 2006 for the ＂HYUNDAIINDEPENDENCE＂ ship of South korea as example, based on monitoring results of oil and natural fishery resources for the influence area of spilled oil, acute toxicity experiment result of spilled oil on marine organism, combined with relative historical data. The recovery cost of natural fishery resources is assessed from living resource enhencing view. The monitoring and assessing results express that the distributional range of oil concentration is between 0. 365 and 984.400 mg·L^-1 and mean is 151.478 mg·L^-1 , the 24 h-LC50 of spilled oilis 3.5 mg·L^-1 for jellyfish larva and 2.0 mg·L^-1 for Paralichthy olovaceus larva. The spreading range is over 300 km^2 （ ≥0.3 mg·L^-1 ） and the area in witch natural fishery resources is seriously influenced is over 100 km^2 （ ≥5.0 mg·L^-1 ）. The total damaged number resulted by the pilling oil accident are 6.7 × 10^7 individuals for fish egg, 1.17 × 10^9 individuals for fishlarva, 515 354 102 individuals for young fish, 2 386 250 520 individuals for young shrimp, 56 801 322 individuals for young cramb and 81 622 968 individuals for benthos of tidal zone repectivly. The total cost will be about 25 690 thousands yuan for the recovery of natural fishery resources in the spilling oil accident area.

Studies on Making Siberian Wildryegrass Silage

YU Zhu| SUN Qi-zhong| DENG Bo, YANG Xiao-hua| YU Yan-dong|WANG Mei-rong

2008, 10(1):  98-102. 

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This experiment takes Siberian wildryegrass （Elymus sibiricus L. ） as raw material and studies the method for making Siberian wildryegrass （ Elymus sibiricus L. ） silage by adding FAST-SILE （FS） , cellulose （CF） , sucrose （S）, corn flour（CF） and formic acid （FA）,etc. as additives. The results indicate that high quality silage can directly make Siberian wildryegrass by adding S（2% and 4% ） and CE, the content of lactic acid and total acid in the treatment are markedly higher than CK（ P 〈 0.05 ） , and the content of ammonia-N in total nitrogen is markedly lower than the CK. This reault means these two additives can improve fermentation quality of the Siberian wildrycgrass silage. The treatment of FS （2.5 g·t^-1） and FS ＋ CE（2.5g·t^-1） can not improve the fermentation quality of silage. The treatment of adding CF（5% and 10% ） does not significantly differ（ P 〈 0.05）from the CK. The contents of NDF and ADF are markedly lower than the CK, but it does improve the nutritional composition of the silage. Meanwhile, quality of the silage can not be improved by wilting for one hour.

The Impact of HA Gene of H5N1 Being Inserted into Recombinate |Lasota Strain on the Distribution of Viral Antigen 2

DONG Jun-bin, WANG Yong, GE Jin-ying, MA Xue-en| BU Zhi-gao

2008, 10(1):  103-107. 

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In order to study the impact of HA gene of H5N1 on the viral antigen distribution, we inserted foreign gene （HA gene of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus） between the M gene and P gene based on the F gene being exchanged rLaSota and rLaSota backbone, which were named as rL-F（M）-FHA and rL-FHA. Vaccination was given by eyedrop and intranasally instillation with rL-F（M）-FHA, rL- FHA and rlaSota to 4-day-old SPF chickens, after 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 10 d, 15 d or 18 d, we collected the trachea, lung, liver, kidney, brain, spleen, proventriculus, duodenum. The distribution of viral antigen in tissues were detected by using immunohistochemical （ IHC ） staining. The results showed that HA gene of H5N1 being inserted rLaSota and F gene being exchanged had great influence to the distribution of viral antigen.

Comparison Between Sheep Fetal Fibroblast Cells transfected with |GFP by Lipofectamine^TM and by Fugene-6

MA Yu-zhen, WANG Rui,YAN Zhen, WANG Li-min| LIU Dong-jun| XIA Guo-liang

2008, 10(1):  108-112. 

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Sheep fetal fibrobast cell were transfected with pEGFP-C1 by using Lipofectamine^TM or Fugene-6 substance respectively. The impacts of DNA concentration, concentration of transfeetion agents, exposure time and incubation time on transfection efficiency were carefully compared. The transfected cells were incubated in DMEM/F12 media containing G418. The results showed that the efficiency of transgenic with LipofectamineTM were excelled Fugene-6. Chromosome analysis shows no remarkable difference between transgenic and normal cells. LipofectamineTM transfection method developed in this paper can be easily adopted by most research labs and will provide a basic reference for transfection of sheep fetal flbroblast ceils with other gene and transgenie nuclear transfer.

Isolation and Identification of a Cellulose Decomposing Bacteria

DUN Bao-qing| WU Wei, WANG Xu-jing| QU Xiao-shuang| LI Gui-ying| LIN Min, L

2008, 10(1):  113-117. 

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CDY-3 was isolated from decayed wood and soil around it, It was identified as Bacillus sp. preliminary. The CMCase activity of CDY-3 is 14.59 IU at pH 5 and the strain also has better decomposing ability for filter paper. The physiological and bio-chemistry characteristics of strain CDY-3 showed the optimal pH is 7 and the optimal temperature is 30℃.