Table of Content

15 April 2008, Volume 10 Issue 2

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Development of Bio-energy and Its Impacts on Future Agriculture

DENG Xin-an| ZHANG Ying-lu

2008, 10(2):  1-5. 

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On the base of analyzing fossil energy crisis, the opportunities facing the upcoming bio-energy era, the present status of bio-energy development and the restricting factors for its development, this article points out that technologies of Biomass to Liquids （BTL） will be developed from the first generation to the second generation. The following points were put forward after these analyses： the bio-energy will become the fresh force of the future energy consumption, but not yet the main part before 2030 ;the energy agriculture will become an important part of the new agriculture system. Rational understanding of these viewpoints will provide valuable reference for implementing the strategies of multi-energy consumption, energy substitution, and development of bio-energy, and for adjusting the policy system of agriculture development.

Standardization of Feed Industry and Quality |safety of Feed Products in China

YANG Hai-feng, ZHA0 Zhi-hui| QIN Yu-chang

2008, 10(2):  6-12. 

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Through understanding about the status of feed industry standardization in China,this paper expounds the problems existing in feed industry standardization; briefly introduces the current practices of quality standardization of agricultural products in foreign countries; then provides an overall expatiation for establishing a feed quality and safety standard system. This paper provides references for improving professional quality of employees engaged in Chinese feed industry standardization, regularizing the work procedure for developing and revising the standards, raising work quality for developing and revising the standards, and promoting the progress of feed industry standardization.

Vacuolar Na^＋/H^＋ Antiporter Involved in Plant Salt Tolerance

WU Guo-qiang, WANG Qiang-long | BA0 Ai-ke| WANG Suo-min

2008, 10(2):  13-21. 

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Soil salinization Js a major abiotic factor that adversely affects worldwide agricultural production. One of the effective strategies that enable plants to resist salt stress is to compartmentalize Na^＋ into the vacuole, which is accomplished by the vacuolar Na^＋/H^＋ antiporter. In this paper, recent progresses on molecular structure and function, expression and regulation of the vacuolar Na^＋/H^＋ antiporters, and their roles in plants salt tlerance were summarized; the future goals of this research field were also discussed.

Studies on Genetics of Meiotic Recombination in Arabidopsis

LIU Xiao-lin| YU Jia, FAN Yun-liu| ZHANG Chun-yi

2008, 10(2):  22-28. 

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Meiosis is the conversion point of life cycles sexually reproducing organisms as recombination provides immediate sources of genetic variation, thus contributing to the evolution of an organism. To date, many genes have been shown to be involved in meiotic recombination machinery. Given the high degree of conservation of recombination proteins among species, reverse genetic approach has proven to be very powerful   characterization of the functions of plant recombinational proteins. This review is focused on the molecular mechanisms underlying the important events occurring during meiosis in Arabidopsis, including DNA double strand break formation and repair.

Construction Strategy for Multiepitope Vaccine and its |Application in Animal Vaccine

ZHANG You-feng, WANG Hong-ning, HUANG Yong| YANG Tai

2008, 10(2):  29-33. 

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Multiepitope vaccine is a new kind of molecular vaccine based on the aminophenol sequence of antigenic epitopes. It has higher value in research and application for its safe security, strong protective ability and effectual regulative reaction in immune response types. Multiepitope vaccine has recently become one of the hotspots in the field of gene engineering vaccine, due to its unusual immune advantages. This paper summarizes the research progress in multiepitope vaccine on prediction and selection of epitopes, its designing, optimization and application in veterinary medicine.

Present Status and Prospect for Research on |Aerobic Cultivated Lowland Rice

QU Hua-iang, ZHANG Yu-zhu, TU Nai-mei, ZENG Xiang, ZHANG Yue-ping, XIE Hong-ke

2008, 10(2):  34-42. 

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This paper reviewed the development situation of aerobic cultivation in lowland rice on its main physiological characteristics, drought-resistant mechanism, high-yield cultivation technique and existing problems. The paper also prospects its development tendency. It is indicated that aerobic cultivated technology in lowland rice is valuable for saving water and labor, improving water utilization efficiency, rice ecological environment and biological effect, so as to raise economic and ecological efficiency. Therefore, it is an important way for developing water-saving agriculture and sustainable rice production.

Biological Characters and Major Matching Techniqus for |Two-line Hybrid Rice, Liangyoupeijiu

Z0U Jiang-shi, LV Chuan-gen|YA0 Ke-min, HU Ning

2008, 10(2):  43-50. 

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Liangyoupeijiu is extensively planted two-line hybrid rice. This paper summarizes the major biological characters and matching techniques for Liangyou peijiu, analyzes and discusses the layout of suitable planting area, cultivation techniques for overcoming unfavorable conditions, arranging suitable seed production region and the best seed production season, including low temperature resistance technology for seed production.

Legal Regulation and Protection of Agricultural Transgenic Plants

CUI Yan, GU0 De-zhong

2008, 10(2):  51-55. 

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Legal regulation of agricultural transgenic plants safety covers all fields of research and test, production and process, management and sale, importation and export. As a important regulatory means in the application of transgenic plants, variety certification belongs to administrative licence. Legal protection of agricultural transgenic plants mainly includes genetic resources protection, new plant variety protection and patent protection of breeding method. The genes of agricultural transgenic plants can be applied for patent protection.

Land Resources and Their Development in South America and Africa

LI Xiu-feng, XU Xiao-gang, LIU Li-ya

2008, 10(2):  56-66. 

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Along with the rapid economic development in China, the progress of urbanization will further speed up, and the arable land areas will also be reduced. How to protect grain safety of China has become an issue with longterm concern. Based on the analysis on [and resources, South America and Africa, this paper puts forward overseas agriculture. human resources, water resources, and relevant policies of several new perspectives and suggestions for developing overseas agriculture.

Shallow Analysis on the Development of Sightseeing |Agriculture in Southwest Region

GU0 Hong, WANG Yong-zhi

2008, 10(2):  67-69. 

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This paper analyzes the comparative advantages of developing sightseeing agriculture in Southwest region; summarizes three models for developing sightseeing agriculture in Southwest region; and puts forward several policy suggestions for developing sightseeing agriculture in the future.

Studies on Seed Formulation Character and |Productivity of Two Lespedeza Species

SUN Qi-zhong, YU Zhu, ZHA0 Shu-fen, WANG Yun-wen| XU Li-jun

2008, 10(2):  70-75. 

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Seeds formulation character and productivity of two Lespedeza species were studied, and the results showed that the bearing periods of two Lespedeza species were different： 111 - 121d for L. hedysaroides and 103～108 d for L. davurica. Seed setting rates of both Lespedeza were as high as 95% ; inflorrescence of L. hedysaroides was 805.6, that of L. davurica was 277.0; the maximum blooming time of thes two Lespedeza per day were also different： L. h hedysaroides at 9：00 - 10： 00, while L. davurica at 10 ： 30～ 11： 30, but the flower dosing time of thes two Lespedeza were all at 15 ： 30 ～ 16： 00. The pod rate and ripe rate of L. hedysaroides were higher than those of L. davurica. These two Lespedeza species had different characters in seed harvesting time, germination rate, hard seed rate and thousand seed weight, but they had the same harvesting time around Sept. 20th. The seed yield of L . hedysaroides was 607.33 kg/hm^2, that of L. davurica was 591.77 kg/hm^2.

Expression of β-Galactosidase from Pyrococcus furiosus |in E. coli and Analysis of Lactase Properties

DUAN Wen-juan, YANG Jiao-yan, LI Zhuo-fu, ZHANG Wei| ZHANG Zhi-fang

2008, 10(2):  76-81. 

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The lactase gene from Pyrococcusfuriosus was studied in this experiment. The cloned gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and the properties of lactase were determinated, celB gene was amplified by PCR and subsequently cloned, then ligated to the pET-30a（＋） vector. The recombinant plasmid pET-celBB was transformed into E. coli BL21. The positive transformants were induced at 28~C for four hours by IPTG . SDS-PAGE analysis and lactase activity assay showed that celB gene was over-expressed in E. coll. The molecular weight of the recombinant expressed lactase CELB was about 58 kDa. CELB is a thermostable lactase. The optimum temperature was 105% and better heat stability was achieved between 90℃ to 110℃. The optimum pH value was 5.0 and better pH stability was gained from pH 5.0 to 10.0. It is concluded that the lactase has a very weak dependence on metal ions.

Pilot Studies on Enzyme-Producing Microflora in Frozen Soil at the |Root of Saussureae involucratae Kar. et Kir. et Maxim from Tianshan, Xinjiang Autonomous Region

ZHANG Guo-hua, LU0 Hui-ying, CHEN Jin-chun| YA0 Bin

2008, 10(2):  82-87. 

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The microflora in the frozen soil at the root of Saussureae Involucratae Kar. et Kir. et Maxim from Tianshan in Xinjiang Autonomous Region were isolated under different culture conditions and identified by 16S or 18S rDNA sequences amplification, the neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree was then constructed. The microflora producing all kinds of enzymes including proteinase, mannanasc, xylanase, cellulase and amylase etc, were screened by selective media. The results showed that rich enzyme-producing microflora existed in the frozen soil. Among 34 bacteria strains isolated, most of them mainly excreted amylase, and partly excreted cellulose degrading enzyme, such as mannanase, protein degrading enzyme and xylanase. The strains which excreted amylase are mainly in genus of Pseudeomonas, Flavobacteriu and Arthrobacter, while the bacteria that excreted cellulase belong to Pseudeomonas and Arthrobacter. Five fungi strains isolated from the frozen soil can produce amylase or xylanase.

Studies on Pharmacokinetics and Residues of |Marbofloxacin in Penaeus chinensis

ZHANG Hai-zhen, LI Jian| WANG Qun, LIU Qi, ZH0U, Yi-bing

2008, 10(2):  88-93. 

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This paper reports pharmacokinetics and residues of marbofloxacin in Fenneropenaeus chinensis at 20 ± 1℃. Hemolymph、muscle and hepatopancreas were sampled after intrmuscular administration and repeat oral administration at a dose of 2.5mg·kg^- 1 body weight. The concentration of medicament in tisssues was determined by HPLC. The data were analyzed with the pharmacokinetics computer program 3p97. The concentration-time course of marbofloxacin in the tissues could be described by a two-compartment open model. The main pharmacokinetics parameters in hemo- lymph,muscle and hepatopancreas were as follows： Tmax 0. 147 h,0.039 h,0. 103 h; Cmax   3.688μg·mL^-1、2.731μg·mL^-1、4.524μg·mL^-1,AUC 8.474μg·mL^-1·h^-1、2.396μg·mL^-1·h^-1、18.3100μg·mL^-1·h^-1（1/2）.0.893h,0.103h、1.257h;t（1/2）B 9.866h、2.648h,4.947h,CL 0.118L·h^-1·kg^-1、1.043L·h^-1·kg^-1、0.137L·h^-1·k^-1 After repeat oral administration, t（1/2）~were 8.74 h,5.14 h,5.72 h. Base on the data above, we suggested Fenneropenaeus chinensis could take marbofloxacin once per day by oral administration （2.5mg · kg^-1）.

Application of Air Bubbling Method on Amplified Incubation of Microalgae

LI Feng, MA0 Yu-ze| YU Shou-tuan| DU Mei-rong| YE Nai-hao| FANG Jian-guang

2008, 10(2):  94-99. 

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Growth characteristics of 4 microalgae in bubble condition were studied using experiment combined with production method. The results showed that bubble incubation could improve the growth rate of 4 microalgae dramatically. Under bubble condition, the maximum cell density of N. closterium,L galbana Parke 3011 ,L galbana Parke 3012 and P. subcordiformis were 2.957× 10^7, 1.7 × 10^7 ,2. 355 × 10^7 and 3.5× 10^6 cell per milliliter, and which was 3..2, 6.5, 4.1 and 5 times of the control group under the same conditions respectively. The experiment group showed significant difference with the control one in cell number, special growth rate （ SGR）, relative growth rate （RGR） and absolute growth rate （AGR）. The air-charging incubation seed can be directly used for amplified culture. Air-charging incubation can effectively prolong the growth period of the algae cell, and remarkably enhance the production efficiency.

Analysis of Characterizations of HPT1, VTE3 and VTE4 Promoters in |Transgenic Arabidopsis under Some Environmental Stress

QI Yuan-hui, FAN Yun-liu| WANG Lei

2008, 10(2):  100-104. 

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Vitamin E （Tocopherol）is a lipid-soluble antioxidant and essential for human health. Homogentisate phytyltransferase （HIT）, 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1, 4-benzo- quinol methyltransferase （MPBQMT/VTE3） and γ- tocopherol methyhransferase （γ-TMT/VTE4） are three key enzymes involved in the tocopherol biosynthetic pathway in plants. In this study, the expression patterns of the promoters of HPT1, VTE3 and VTE4 from Arabidopsis thaliana were characterized respectively under some environmental stress conditions, such as low-temperature, high salt content and non-light. GUS staining showed that the expression of HPT1 decreased dramatically at low-temperature and decreased slightly with high salt content. In the dark-grown transgenic seedlings, an evident expression shift was observed that there was an increase in hypocotyls, whereas a decrease in roots. The promoter of VTE3 was not responsive to low temperature, but displayed a significant reduction of expression at high salt content, with less expression in hypocotyls under non-light. The expression of VTE4 increased slightly at low-temperature, but decreased dramatically on high salt content condition, with a little of decrease in hypocotyls under non-light. The data showed that the above three genes involved in vitamin E pathway are regulated by environmental conditions.

Studies on Drought Resistance of Four Plants Grown in Desert

GA0 Tian-ming, YAN Zhi-jian, GA0 Li

2008, 10(2):  105-109. 

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Physiological changes of four plants （ Hedysarum fruticosum vat. lignosum, H. scoparium, H. fruticosum, Artemisia ordosica）in the east part of Kubuqi Desert under drought stress were studied. Results showed that all three kinds of Hedysarum plants could produce soluble sugar and free proline to decrease leaf water potential for enhancing their water sucking ability, and at the same time to raise their SOD activity so as to erase O2^- This indicated that three Hedysarum plants could actively adapt to drought condition. However, the leaf water potential and soluble sugar of Artemisia ordosica have being decreasing straightly, changes of free proline and SOD activity were not obvious in A. ordosica, it is in a ＂dormancy＂ state. According to differrent injury degrees brought about by drought to these four plants, the order of their drought resistance strength are as follows ： Artemisia ordosica 〉 H. scoparium 〉 H. fruticosum var. lignosum 〉 H. fruticosum.

Studies on Tissue Culture and High Frequency Propagation of |Lilium davidii var. unicolor （ Hoog） Cotton

LIN Gui-mei, LI Xiao-quan, M0U Hai-fei| LI Chao-sheng, WU Dai-dong, ZHANG Jin-

2008, 10(2):  110-113. 

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Two kinds of technology ： artificial low temperature and natural winter temperature, have been adopted for primary inducement culture of bulb scale segment of Lilium davidii vat. unicolor （Hoog） Cotton. The optimal culture medium for inducement is MS ＋ 0. 0～1.0 mg/L BA ＋ 0.0 ～ 0.1 mg/L NAA. It shows that the cold storage is dispensable, but not necessary for inducement of bulb. The culture condition of high temperature （28 - 29℃ ） , using clumpy buds for multiplication realizes the high frequency propagation of Lilium davidii vat. unicolor （Hoog） Cotton, with subculture medium of MS ＋0.0 ～ 0.5 mg/L BA ＋ 0.0 ～ 0.1 mg/L NAA. The rate of multiplication reaches 3.0  5.0. One multiplication period only needs 16 - 18 days. The field transportation of single bulb seedling from tissue culture helps to improve the rate of survival and reduce the amount of seedlings used in this process. This technique can be used for mass production of tissue culture seedlings and seedling transportation as well.

TLR4 Gene Exon Ⅲ Bbvl2 Ⅰ -RFLP Analysis and its |Correlation with Dairy Mastitis

LIU Wen-jiao, SUN Shao-hua, LI Xue-mei

2008, 10(2):  114-118. 

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To detect the DNA variation of bovine TLR4 gene, a 321bp segment of TLR4 gene exon m was analyzed by PCR-RFLP. The resuhs showed that a mutation exists in the amplified product, which can be recognized by restriction endonuclease Bbv12 1 and induced that changed Thr into Ile. Both allele C and T were found in the population and this was a moderate polymovphism, but C was dominant allele. In addition, the correlation of the genotype and dailry mastitis was also analyzed in this experiment by the least square analysis. The resuhs showed that the SCS of different genotypes had the trend of CC 〉 CT 〉TT. But statistical results indicated that SCS was not significantly affected by different genotypes （ P 〉 0.05 ）.

Relation of Clay Organic Carbon and Proportion of Different |Soil Layers in Two Hilly Clay Sections

CHEN Zhuo, SHI Kun

2008, 10(2):  119-122. 

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An attempt had been made to estimate the soil organic carbon contents and soil proportion under two typical land-use types including pine forest and corn field located at the boundary between the Yellow Sea and Bohai in southern Lvshun. The results showed that the difference of the soil organic carbon contents at two typical land-use types was highly significant （P 〈 0.01 ） and the total soil organic content of pine forest （3.57%） are higher than that of corn field （2.41%）. But the soil proportion of corn field （2.67 g·cm^-3） is higher than that of pine forest （2.55 g· cm^-3）. The enrichment modulus of different levels soil organic carbon showed that the soll organic carbon mainly enriched in the surface soil （0～20cm）. Contents of soil organic carbon decreased with soil depth increasing,while the soll proportion reversed. Also, the soil proportion was high while the soil organic carbon content was low. There was a  Rpiowfaons^2= 0.9297,Rconseld^2 =0.921 significant positive relationship between soil organic carbon and soil proportion （Rpine forest Room field 4）. It is suggested that woodland has a great potential in making a significant contribution to C storage and environmment improvement.