Table of Content

16 December 2009, Volume 11 Issue S1

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Determination of Cadmium in Egg by ICP-MS

BAN Fu-guo, JIA Zhen-min, WU Ning-peng, SONG Zhi-chao

2009, 11(S1):  1-2. 

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A ICP-MS method for determination of cadmium in egg was development. The samples were microwave-assisted digested by nitric acid at 180℃, evaporated to dryness at 160℃, and reconstituted by 2% nitric acid, then deterrminated by ICP-MS. The calibration curves of cadmium were linear in the range of 0.2～5.0 ng/mL. The average recoveries ranged between 88.5% and 95.7% from spiked eggs at the three concentration of 10 μg/kg, 20 μg/kg and 50 μg/kg. The between-run relative standard deviation was the range of 1.8%～6.1%, and the inter-run standard deviation was the range of 1.8%～3.4%. The LOD was 3 μg/kg, and the LOQ was 10 μg/kg. This method was found to be suitable for trace analysis of cadmium in eggs.

Determination of Cadmium in Feed by Microwave Digestion-Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

TAN Xu-xin1, DU Hong-ge1, ZHANG Fa-wang1, SHU Chang1, ZHU Hong-ji1, LI Ling-ping

2009, 11(S1):  3-5. 

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A method for testing the cadmium in feed by microwave digestion-graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was built. The amples were microwave-assisted digested by nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide, and determinated by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer. The working curves of cadmium were linear in the range of 1.0～10.0 ng/mL. The results show that there is no significant difference among the three digestion methods of microwave digestion, wet digestion and dry-ash, the coefficients of recovery is 77.5%, 79.0% and 80.5%, respectively. The method has the characteristics of simplicity and speedness.

Hazards and Prevention to Cadmium in Feed

JIN Xiu-e, SHU Jin-xiu

2009, 11(S1):  6-9. 

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The cadmiun pollution in feed has attracted more and more attention. The article summaized the sources, pollution condition, harm and toxicity of cadmium in feed. The preventive measures to cadmium pollution also described in this paper.

Studies on the Determination of Cadmium in Tibetan Pharmaceuticals by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

LI Bao-hai, YU Yao-bing, QIU Cheng, SHI Yi-yi, YANG Yong-li

2009, 11(S1):  10-12. 

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After decomposition of Tibetan pharmaceuticals by either dry ashing method or wet digestion method, cadmium in Tibetan pharmaceuticals  was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The results indicated that  the method is simple, rapid and accurate with pretreating and determinating by wet digestion method. The extraction recoveries were between 95.0% and 103.0% with relative standard deviations of less than 1%.

Research Advances in Detection of Mercury(Ⅱ) based on Thymine-Hg2+ Coordination Chemistry

LIU Si-jia1, ZHU Jing1, TAN Zhong-yang1,2

2009, 11(S1):  13-16. 

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Through thymine-Hg2+-thymine (T-Hg2+-T) coordination, the resulting Hg2+-stabilized hybridization of oligonucleotides with T-T mismatches have been demonstrated as sensitive and selective strategies for Hg2+ detection. The paper revealed this Hg2+sensing system, and it was expected to hold considerable potential in on-site applications of Hg2+ detection.

Study on the Effects of Different Copper Levels and VA Levels in the Ration on the Chicken Copper Content inside the Muscle

LI Ru-ying, LIU Chun-long, WU Jin-xiao, WANG Cheng, ZHAO Ping-wei, YANG Wei

2009, 11(S1):  17-19. 

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This paper studied on the effects of the chicken copper content inside the muscle under different copper and VA levels in the ration with 2×4( VA×Cu) complete randomized block design. The results showed: chicken inside the muscle keep tallest value when the copper level is 150 mg/kg which is independent of VA level. At this time copper makes chicken be vigorous metabolism interact with VA. While the copper additive level rises to 225 mg/ kg, the copper level inside the chicken muscle goes down.

Drawbacks and Control of High Copper

ZHANG Ying

2009, 11(S1):  20-21. 

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This paper briefly analyzed and summarized the different degrees of harm to environment, animal and human body cansed by misuse of high copper. When the copper content in soil is more than 100 mg/kg, the soil fertility will be declined, plant growth is blocked. The results show that when the copper content in diets of the livestock and poultry is more than 500 mg/kg, the livestock and poultry will be poisoning or even death. The international standard amount of copper content in the edible meat is not more than 10 mg/kg.

Effect of Components in Feed on Lead Determination by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

MENG Fan-sheng

2009, 11(S1):  22-23. 

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Under the condition of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry analysis, the effect of calcium, phosphate, sulfate, manganese, magnesium, potassium and sodium chloride in feed on lead measure was studied. The results indicated that the lead measure was affected by calcium, phosphate, sulfate, potassium and sodium chloride significantly, but affected by magnesium and manganese insignificantly.

Impact of Calcium on the Determination of Lead in Feeds

LI Yun, WEI Min, GAO Qing-jun, ZHANG Jing

2009, 11(S1):  24-27. 

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Different atomic absorption spectrometry had been used in determination of lead in feeds. The impact of calcium dose on determination of lead was studied. We compared the results of different determination methods, investigated the effect of sulfate adding time on the lead determination. The results showed that the calcium content of feed  affacted the  lead determination results significantly. There are quite different results in different measurement methods and the presence of sulfate had interference on the determination results.

Discussion on Determination Method of Lead in Feed

LI Hong1, YANG Han-qing1, CHEN Li1, CHEN Ying2, FENG Xi-hui1

2009, 11(S1):  28-31. 

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The experiment compared the effects of two lead determination methods in GB/T13080-2004 , and the differences between the results determined by the flame atomic absorption using deuterium lamp deducting background and non-deducting background; when the mixed acid is used to digest the samples, further discussion is made about whether the calcium concentration(its range is from 240 μg/mL to 4 800 μg/mL) in tested solution can influence lead determination results. The results showed that: for the samples which has lower lead content, the results determined by the method using deduction background is lower than non-deduction background, they are significantly different from each other; for the samples which has higher lead content, the difference is not significant. However, the recoveries of these two methods are similar. The comparison result about preparation method shows that the recovery and accuracy of the method using mixed acid digestion is higher than the dry ash method. The experiments also showed that the calcium concentration has no significant effect on the lead detection calcium, when its concentration range from 240 μg/mL to 4 800 μg/mL.

Discussion on Method of |Lead Determination Using Lead Nitrate and Metallic Lead as Reference Substances

ZHANG Ning, WANG Jun-ju

2009, 11(S1):  32-34. 

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Method of lead determination using lead nitrate and metallic lead as reference substances was discussed in this paper. The results showed that there was no significant difference between lead nitrate and  metallic lead(P≥005). Meanwhile, solution of lead nitrate was more stable than metallic lead. It is simple and safe to use lead nitrate instead of metallic lead as reference substance. This method has strong practical application value.

Simultaneous Determination of 13 Sulfonamides in Porcine Meat by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

YAN Feng, CAO Ying, LI Dan-ni, ZHANG Wen-gang, JIANG Yin, ZHANG Xin, GU Xin

2009, 11(S1):  35-38. 

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A ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC/MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous determination of 13 sulfonamides in the porcine meat. Components were extracted from homogenized sample with acetonitrile, defatted by n-hexane and further extracted by Alumia B. The limit of determination (LOD) was 0.25 μg/kg. The method was proved to be satisfactory in precision, securacy and sensitivity for multiresidues determination.

A New Technology for Accurate Identify Pesticide Residues——Massworks

WANG Ya-nan1, WANG Cong-hui1, LI Wei-jian2

2009, 11(S1):  39-42. 

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MassWorks calibrates the mass position and the mass spectral peak shape function, is a key factor for chieving high mass accuracy. When applied to the pesticide raw mass spectral date that acquired on the GC/MS system, we can achieve the high mass accuracy on unit mass spectrometers, the mass error is less than 10 mDa. Furthermore, the list of possible formulas can be further refined and greatly shortened through the Calibrated Line-shape Isotope Profile Search (CLIPS that is available in MassWorks), so we can exact identify the target and its fragments molecular formula. The new methed can provide accurate mass and exact identify pesticide residues on unit mass resolution mass spectrometers such GC/MS.

Determination of Nitrite in Feed by Flow Injection Analysis

FAN Zhi-ying, ZHU Chao

2009, 11(S1):  43-45. 

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Nitrite in feed was determined by flow injection analysis. The linear range was at 20~1000 μg/L, the correlation coefficient r=0.999 9. The detection limit was 2.68 μg/L, the RSD by measuring seven times with the standard solution was 2.60% and the reclaim ratio was 82.8%～106.8%. The method has the characteristics of simplicity, sensitivity, wide linear range and high precision, which is suitable for nitrite determination in feed.

Comparative Study on GC-MS Condition for Determining Melamine in Milk

ZHANG Jing, TANG Yu

2009, 11(S1):  46-49. 

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Some methods for determining melamine had been quite mature. But it takes too much time to analyze melamine in milk (GB/T 22388-2008) by using GC-MS method, and the mass spectrum chart is not good enough. Comparing with determination method of melamine in feed, the author finds that if we change the condition of programming temperature according to the method in feed (NY/T 1372-2007), the mass spectrum chart has been better, and at the same time the recovery might reach up to 85%. That means the GC-MS condition which used to analyze melamine in feed is also suitable to analyze melamine in milk.

Discussion on Melamine Determination in Feed by ELISA Method

GUO Jie1, LI Hong1, JIA Qing1, YANG Han-qing1, CHEN Ying2, FENG Xi-hui1

2009, 11(S1):  50-51. 

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The research made use of BRAXIS kit and self-made compound and concentrated feed(via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmed melamine-free) that melamine adding amount is 2 mg/kg as a positive control sample, screened melamine in 100 batches of pig and chicken feed products. Screening results of two methods in accordance were confirmed and compared with NY/T1372-2007 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that: the use of compound and concentrated feed that melamine adding amount is 2mg/kg as a positive control sample, the results were in fewer false-positive rate and higher accuracy than the use of BRAXIS Kit for the results of screening within the system of curves.

Research on the Determination of Acidic Protease Activity in Feed Premixed with Enzyme Additive

WU Ying-li, HUO Shao-yu

2009, 11(S1):  52-55. 

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This paper focused on discussion of using the method in “General determination of industrial enzymes” to detect acidic protease activity of enzyme additive in feed premixed with enzyme additive. The applicability of test methods and the factors that affect the determination of enzyme activity were determined in this paper. The results showed that: the method in “General determination of industrial enzymes” has a low recovery rate, it is not suitable to determine the acid protease activity of enzyme additive in feed premixed with enzyme additive; The presence of other enzymes will not affect the determination of acid protease activity; The absorption ability of carrier to acid protease is so strong that it causes the lower recovery in original method; In this research, the method was improved to prevent the low recovery caused by absorption of the carrier, the recovery is enhanced from 70% (the recovery of the original method) to more than 93%.

Separation Identification and Analysis of Salmonella in Animal Feedstuff

HE Ji-jun1, WANG Biao2

2009, 11(S1):  56-58. 

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With the routine culture separation and identification technique, the salmonella was separated, identified and analyzed from 69 copies of formula feed, 77 copies of concentrated feed, 44 copies of fishmeal and 39 copies of meatbone meal that was gathered from some feed factory and plant. As a result, 27 strains of salmonell were separated at the rate of 11.8%(27/229). And they were from 7 copies of formula feed, 6 copies of concentrated feed, 8 copies of fishmeal and 6 copies of meatbone meal which at a positive rate of 10.1%(7/69), 7.8%(6/77), 182% (8/44)and 15.4%(6/39).

Detection and Analysis of Antibiotic Residues in Milk

HE Ji-jun1, WANG Biao2

2009, 11(S1):  59-61. 

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Antibiotic could destory bacteria balance of body. Some antibiotic even made people allergy to lead to high fever or anaphylatic shock. So more and more attention has been paied on  antibiotic residues in milk. This study filtersd by ELISA, quantitatively detect by HPLC and analysed current situation, orign, harm of antibiotic residues in milk.

Determination of Ganoderma Lucidum Polysaccharide by Reversed-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography

HAN Zhen-tai, ZHAO Yu-juan, LIU Hui-wen, LI Ru-hua

2009, 11(S1):  65-67. 

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A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) for the determination of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide was developed, using SUGUR PARK-Ⅰ(6.5×300 mm) as the analysis column, glucan 10 000 as standard, water as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The differential refractometer detector was used and the column temperature was 70℃. The limit of detection was 0.03 g/L. The linear regression equation was Y=109 779.6X－903.3, the correlation coefficient r=0.999 9. The method recoveries ring from 98% to 104%. Relative standard deviation was 0.12% (n=6). The method is simply, stable, suitable for the determination of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide.

Preliminary Exploration of Active Ingredients Reference Materials in Propolis

SU Fu-hai1, NAN Chun-shi2

2009, 11(S1):  68-71. 

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To meet the requirement of reference materials in quality evaluation and detection of propolis, this paper preliminary explored active ingredients reference materials including ferulic acid, chrysin and apigenin in propolis. The purity of active ingredients in propolis was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with platisil ODS C18 column. The mobile phase is the mixture of methanol-phosphate (pH 3.0) system with the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was 325 nm (ferulic acid), 260 nm (chrysin), 220 nm (apigenin). Peak area normalization method was used for measurement.

Determination of Adenosine in Bee Pollen by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

YUE Bing, XUE Xiao-feng, WU Li-ming, LI Yi, ZHAO Jing

2009, 11(S1):  72-74. 

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A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to determine adenosine in bee pollen was established. The adenosine in the sample was extracted by 10% ethanol, purified by Waters OASIS SPE cartridge and separated with reverse phase HPLC column and detected at 257 nm. The results show that the linearity is good (R2=0.999 9), the recovery is high(97%~101%) and precision is ideal. In conclusion, this method is simple, accurate and reliable.

Study on the Development of Pork Freshness Detection Techniques

YUAN Fang, GUO Pei-yuan, WU Hao, SUN Mei

2009, 11(S1):  72-74. 

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This paper briefly describes the significance of pork freshness detection, summarizes the pork detection theory and methods, and provides an overview of pork freshness detection research development status, finally analyzes the primary issues and the main research directions in the field of pork freshness detection.

A New Method on Rapid Detection of Pork Freshness with Artificial Intelligence

WU Hao, GUO Pei-yuan, CHEN Tian-hua

2009, 11(S1):  75-78. 

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To do judgment on pork freshness from multi-aspect, with integration of each index and through the imitation with artificial neural network, a model is established to serve as a rapid effective method for detection of pork freshness,which provides the judgment results TVB-N in application with inputting the characteristic parameters. A fast and efficient plan of detecting meat freshness is provided.

Discussion on Construction of Product Safety Supervision Systemof Feed and Livestock

CHEN Fu-hua, WU Li-long, YI Jian-xi, LONG Xue-ming, Zhou Yu-jie

2009, 11(S1):  79-81. 

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The feed and livestock product quality and safety system are one of efficient guarantee measures of food security. In resent years, no matter Hydrochloric acid clenbuerol or Melamine accident was all concerned with the feed and livestock product quality, which showed the importance of feed and livestock product quality security system. After many years constructing, our country has founded feed and the livestock product quality safe supervision system at three levels, including state-level, provincial-level and municipal-level. But there are still some problems. Such as understaffing, lacking of equipment, insufficient of the funds, the responsibility not clear enough and so on. In order to guarantee food security, physical and moral integrity of our people, many aspects of the system should be improved, involving organization, staff, equipment, investment way and responsibility. Based on these improvements, the powerful quality and safety supervision system of feed and the livestock product can be established on an efficient organization, clear responsibility and complete function.

Brief Discussion on Grass Products Safety and its Influence Factors

Alamus, WU Hong-xin, XIA Ming

2009, 11(S1):  82-86. 

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Feed Safety has attracted a wide spread attention, forage and grass products are used as raw material for feedstuff, and their safety problems can not be ignored. The situations of herbivorous animal husbandry, whose foundation is natural grassland, arable pasture and crop farming, and the influence factors of grass products safety are discussed in this paper. The aim is to offer rational suggestions for the problems of grass products safety and improving its supervision level.

Technical |Barriers to Trade—&mdash|Veterinary Drugs Residues in Aquatic Products and its Countermeasure

QU Jian, LIN Xian-shan, ZHOU Wen-hai

2009, 11(S1):  87-90. 

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This paper summarized the limitation of veterinary drugs in aquatic products  of different countries in the world. In order to deal with the proplem of veterinary drug residues, which is technical  barrier to aquatic products trade, the authors proposed to strengthen the leadership of the government, to improve the laws, regulations and standard systems on aquatic products safty, to speed up the certification of nuisanceless aquatic products and to distribute the monitoring of drug residue in aquatic products.

The Analysis of Pollution Sources in Inner Mongolia Grassland and its Harm to Livestock

TA Na, GUI Rong

2009, 11(S1):  91-93. 

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With the development of industry, agriculture and tourism in Inner Mongolian pastoral areas, grassland ecosystem had been affected. Industrial and domestic pollution had been polluted due to the increasingly serious pollution, and the transfer and savings of pollution residues affacted the growth of livestock. The paper reviewed the pollution sources, elements and the harm to livestock briefly.

Disscussion on Strengthening |Construction of Feed Quality Through Melamine Event

GAO Mu-zhen, ZHANG Man

2009, 11(S1):  94-96. 

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The paper show the importance and urgency of strengthening construction in the feed industry, according to melamine event. The article brings forward suggestions to guide the transformation of production method, reinforce laws and regulations construction in feed industry, integrate supervision system, speed up the construction of feed industry standard system and further promote the support from the government. Which is to  turn our country to great power feed manufacturer.

Discussion on Strengthening Supervision of Feed Label in Shanxi Province

LIU Tian-ming, WU Jin-xiao

2009, 11(S1):  97-99. 

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It has made effect on regulating feed production and management since feed labeling system been carried out, but there are still some problems in implementing the system of feed labels in Shanxi province. It is very important to strengthen the supervision of feed label and implement the record label recognition system, which is significant to fight against counterfeit feed, to maintain the interests of farmers, to ensure the quality and safety of feed products