Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

Sustainable Utilization of Saline\|alkali Land Resources through Scientific and Technological Innovation in China

JIA Jing\|dun, ZHANG Fu

2014, 16(5): 1-7. DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.403

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Saline\|alkali land is not only an unique important ecological type, but also a valuable land resource. Saline\|alkali land distributes largely in China. It is of great significance for ecological environment construction and expanding national reserved arable land by rational and sustainable utilization of these saline\|alkali lands. This study reviewed the cause of formation and main influence factors for saline\|alkali lands, their utilization potential, and practice of sustainable utilization at home and abroad. It was considered that at present, understanding about saline\|alkali land resources was generally insufficient; attention was mainly put on management but not protection; an unified planning and incentive mechanism is lacking. The authors suggestted to persist in trintty of ecology protection, agricultural industry and social development to sustainably utilize saline alkali lands as valuable resources, to plan as a whole of ecological construction, national food security and industry development, and to cultivate “1, 2, 3” industries convergence solonchak agriculture industry chain. At the same time, the authors also suggestted to give full play to the government and market so as to establish a diversified investment mechanism.

Retrospect and Reflect of National Science and Technology Support Program in Agricultural Field During the 11th Five Year Plan Period

LI Jing\|suo1§, DAI Bing\|ye2§, XIONG Wei3, ZHAO Zhi\|jun1

2014, 16(5): 8-13. DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.143

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On the occasion of the comprehensive summary the mid\|term implementation on the outline of mid & long\|term plan and program for National Science and Technology Development (2006-2020), it has important implications for better implementation in agriculture field of the late period the outline to analysis and thinking deeply about the experience and defects of the national science and technology support program during the 11th five year plan period. Based on the in\|depth analysis about the results of the input and output of the project, the incubation of technological outcomes and talents base construction and so on, this paper summarized the experience and the existing shortcomings during the implementation of the project in the round, then put forward some effective improvement measures for the existing problems, which can hopefully lead to better implement of the late task of mid & long\|term plan and program in the agricultural sector.

Agricultural Big Data and Monitoring and Early Warning of Agricultural Products

XU Shi\|wei

2014, 16(5): 14-20. DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.345

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With the outbreak of mass information, agriculture has stepped into an era of big data. Under the impetus of the big data, fundamental changes have taken place between the way of thinking and working paradigm about agricultural monitoring and early warning, the analytic target and research contents become more tessellate, data acquisition become more convenient, information processing technology become more intelligent, information expression and service technology are more accurate. With the wide utilization of big data technology in the field of monitoring and early warning for agricultural products，building agricultural benchmark data，studying agricultural product information real\|time acquisition technology, constructing complex intelligent model analysis system, and establishing visual warning service platform, etc. become the important trend for agricultural product monitoring and early warning development in the future. In the era of big data, agricultural product monitoring and early warning work should form a big mind, carry out big cooperation and welcome big challenge.

Discussion on Application of Context Aware Computing Technology in Agricultural Internet of Things

XIAO Bo\|xiang1,2, GUO Xin\|yu1,2*, WANG Chuan\|yu1,2, WU Sheng1,2, DU Jian\|jun

2014, 16(5): 21-31. DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.044

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Agricultural internet of things (IOT) has provided mass sensor data for agricultural production and scientific research. Context\|aware computing is an important technical means to resolve the problems of effective utilization of perceptual information and implementing comprehensive agricultural services. However, at present a theoretical and technical system directing at context aware computing for agricultural internet of things is still not established. According to the main requirement target, this paper analyzed the core problems facing this field and discussed feacible solution. The paper also summarized the connotation of this system and prospects the future development trends, so as to provide reality basis and technical reference for theoretical and technical research and relevant applying software development.

Studies on Haploid Induction Rate of Maize Inbred Line

LIU Li1|2, YU Li-juan1|2, BI Ya-qi1|2, ZHANG Pei-gao1|2

2014, 16(5): 32-38. DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.074

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As a key technology, the double haploid has been widely utilized in maize commercial breeding in foreign transnational corporations, due to its advantage of immediate homozygosity to accelerate the breeding process. In this study, the inducer of MT1 was crossed to the representative maize inbred lines of China to compare the induction rate of different inbred lines. The results showed that there were different induction rates among inbred lines from different maize regions of China, and the induction rate of inbred lines ranked as Northern Spring maize region (5.16%) > Southern Hilly maize region (5.14%)=Southwest Mountain maize region (5.14%) > Huang Huai Hai summer maize region (4.44%). The induction rates varied with inbred lines belonging to different heterosis and ranked as Lancaster (5.64%) > Suwan (5.53%) > Reid (5.43%) > Lüda red cob (4.96%) > Sipingtou (2.76%). The induction rate of temperate inbred line was 5.17%, obviously higher than that of tropical ones with 3.63%. The above results indicated that haploid induction rate was significant affected by its genetic background of maternal inbred lines.

Cloning, Disease Resistance and Salt Tolerance Analysis of SlWRKY23 in Tomato

2014, 16(5): 39-46. DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.459

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WRKY transcription factor is a class of transcription factor commonly exsisted in planta, which participates in various biotic and abiotc stress responses. Previous studies showed that the expression level of tomato SlWRKY23 gene was significantly up\|regulated under PstDC3000 infection and salt stress. In order to study the disease resistance of tomato SlWRKY23 to PstDC3000 and its function in salt stress, transgenic SlWRKY23 plant was obtained by agrobacterium\|mediated transformation and stress resistance analysis was carried out on 3 independent transgenic lines (WRKY23\|1, WRKY23\|5 and WRKY23\|7). The result indicated that after innoculating PstDC3000, the transgenic plant showed distinguish disease resistance, the expression quantity of disease resistance related genes SlPR1, SlPR1a1 was remarkably higher than that of the wild type. After treating with salt stress, the transgenic plant showed significant salt resistance, and the expression quantity of stress related genes SlRD22, SlDREB2A was remarkably higher than that of the wild type. These results revealed that SlWRKY23 gene had positive regulatory function in tomato resistance to PstDC3000 and salt stress. It strengthened stress resistance by up\|regulating the expression quantity of stress related genes.

Comparison of Epoxy and Amino Resin Carriers in Immobilization of β\|Galactosidase

ZHANG Feng\|hua, SUN Ning, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Yu\|hong*

2014, 16(5): 47-52. DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.166

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The epoxy and amino resin carriers have been used for immobilizing the β\|galactosidase from Aspergillus candidus, respectively. The amino resin showed superiority over epoxy carrier with 72.5% of recovery percentage, and 145 U/g of enzyme activity; while the epoxy carrier with 24% and 24 U/g. Both of the immobilized enzyme shared similar optimal pH and temperature with the free enzyme, but the immobilized by amino resin enjoys higher thermostability, which could retain 60% of activity after used for 20 times. The maximum galacto\|oligosaccharides (GOS) yield reached 87 g/L by using amino resin immobilized enzyme and 300 g/L initial lactose.

Cloning|Expression of Thermophilic Fungus Neosartorya fischeri P1 Lipase Gene and Analysis of its Enzymatic Property

SUN Qiao\|qiao1, TAN Xiao2, LV Yi2, HUANG Huo\|qing2, ZHANG Hui\|tu1*, LU Fu\|pi

2014, 16(5): 53-59. DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.115

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A thermophilic fungus that have high lipase activity was screened from the acid waste water of a tine mine in Yunnan Province. It was identified as Neosartorya fischeri through morphological observation and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis，and named Neosartorya fischeri P1. The lipase gene Lip024 was cloned from N. fischeri P1 genome and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and Pichia pastoris GS115， with the activity of recombinant lipase 0.09U/mL and 0.26U/mL，respectively. High density fermentation was performed in 3.7 L fermenter for the recombinant strain，and the recombinant enzyme activity reached 5.22U/mL. Lip024 was purified to homogeneity by ultrafiltration and anion exchange chromatography. The optimal pH of recombinant Lip024 was pH 7.0， and the enzyme showed high stability at pH3.0~7.0. The Lip024 was highly thermostable, and the optimal temperature was found to be 50℃. In addition，Ca2+ and Mg2+ can significantly improve the activity of Lip024.

Cloning, Expression and Characterization of a BPP Phytase Gene from Insect Symbiotic Bacterium Pseudomonas sp. TN06

SHAO Chao1, ZHENG Chang\|yong1, HAN Xing1, ZHANG Rui2, ZHOU Jun\|pei2, HUANG Huo

2014, 16(5): 60-66. DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.114

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A Pseudomonas sp. TN06 strain producing phytase was isolated from the gut of Batocera horsfieldi. A novel β\|propellar phytase gene (phyA06) was cloned by degenerate PCR and TAIL\|PCR. The ORF of this gene is 1 902 bp, encoding 633 amino acids and 1 terminator codon, containing a putative signal peptide of initiative 23 residues and 2 β\|propellar phytase domains. The phyA06 gene was transformed into Escherichia coli for expression. The recombinant enzyme of PhyA06 was purified to homogeneity by Ni\|NTA affinity chromatography. The enzymological properties of recombinant phytase were assayed. The optimum pH was 7.0，and the optimum reaction temperature was 55℃. The recombinant enzyme showed high stability at pH 6.0~10.0， and had good thermal stability. It still remained partial activity at low temperature，even at 0℃. PhyA06 has potential value for applying in aquatic feed.

Studies on Identification and Solid Fermentation of a Strain Bacillus mucilaginosus YA\|07

TIAN Jia1, SUN Chao1, LU Peng\|peng1, MA Yu1, KE Yang1, LI Bo2, YANG Ming\|yan3*

2014, 16(5): 67-77. DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.116

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Bacillus mucilaginosus is a kind of heterotrophic aerobic bacteria, which can decompose phosphorus and potassium in soil and silicate minerals, and is widely used in microbial fertilizers. The bacteria is cultured by liquid fermentation and followed by peat adsorption, but the effective number of viable microorganisms and spore rate were lower. Therefore, it is important to identify how to increase the number of viable cells and spore rate with optimized fermentation pattern and condition of Bacillus mucilaginosus. In this study, a strain named YA\|07 was isolated from apple orchard soil in Luochuan County of Shannxi Province, which was identified as Bacillus Mucilaginosus through the morphological, physiological and biochemical experiments and the sequence of 16s rDNA. By single factor, and orthogonal experiments, a kind of solid\|state fermentation condition, which could produce high density of effective living bacterium and high rate of spore was established. The Results showed that the medium that can make YA\|07 produce a large number of effective number of living bacterium, and high spore rate can be divided into 500 mL bottles of peat 50 g, starch 3%, peptone 3%, without inorganic salts and trace elements. At 30℃ pH 7.0, 10% inoculation amount, and 144 h cultivation time, the effective number of living bacterium of YA\|07 can reach 1.58×109 cfu/g, and the spore rate can reach 91.3%. In this study, the effective number of viable cells and rate of Bacillus mucilaginosus spores were increased by solid fermentation, which not only improved the quality of microbial fertilizer, but also reduced the environmental pollution, so it is of important significance for promoting the development of green agriculture in China.

Research Progress on Maize chlorotic mottle virus and Its Transmission Vectors

ZHAO Ming\|fu1, HUANG Jing1, WU Yi\|xin1, YU Dai\|hong2, YANG Ding\|fa2, YAO Wan

2014, 16(5): 78-82. DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.126

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Maize chlorotic mottle virus is one of the important quarantine plant viruses in China. The co\|infection of Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and potyviridae group viruses will cause corn lethal necrosis (CLN), and cause severe economic losses. Potyviruses had wide suitable distribution areas, so to understand the research ststus on MCMV and its transmission vector is of important significance. This paper summarized the present research status on MCMV and its vectors in recent years, combining with our own studies; reviewed the role of western flower thrips as MCMV vector in CLN, so as to provide theoretical referrences for the fundamental research on and control of MCMV transmission mediated by F.occidentalis.

Three\|dimensional Reconstruction of Plant Leaf Blade Based on Point Cloud Data

WANG Yong\|jian1,2, WEN Wei\|liang2, GUO Xin\|yu2, ZHAO Chun\|jiang2*

2014, 16(5): 83-89. DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.175

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Leaf blade is one of the most important plant organs. A geometric modeling method based on point cloud of plant leaf blades was proposed to build a plant leaf blade model with high precision. According to the morphological characteristics of plant leaves, a suitable 3D scanner was chosen to obtain point cloud data of leaf blades. Then operations including registration, simplification and denoising were conducted, and high quality point cloud data of leaf blades was obtained. On this basis, leaf blades mesh generation and mesh optimization were carried out to obtain mesh leaf model with high precision. Geometric models of cucumber, maize and 2 different varieties of grape leaves were modeled using this method. The results showed that this model could better maintain the morphology characteristics of leaf blades. And this method had greatly improved model accuracy and realistic sense compared with the former ones. This study has great significance for promoting geometric modeling and further visual computing in digital plants.

Research Progress on Crop Diseases and Insect Pests Monitoring Based on Spectrum

FU Kun\|ya1,2, ZHANG Wen\|yu2, CAO Hong\|xin2*, ZHU Yan1*, SHAYIRAN·Wai\|li2, ZH

2014, 16(5): 90-98. DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.018

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Every year crop diseases and pests bring huge losses to global food production. Field artificial measure\|ment and identification are both time consuming and laborious, and it is lag and will easily miss the best control period. Monitoring the crops health status based on spectral data is fast, high efficient and nondestructive, which could provide a powerful support for solving the problems of crop production with dispersiveness, territoriality, spatial and temporal variability. This paper summarized the theory of monitoring crop diseases and insect pests by spectrum, and reviews in detail the research progresses achieved in relevant technology from 2 aspects of imaging and non\|imaging spectrum. It also introduced some vegetation indices for monitoring diseases and insects. Before ending, the paper discussed and analyzed the problems existing in this research field, and put forward suggestions for future development and application of spectrum monitoring technique.

Studies on Reconstructing MODIS LST Products Based on Time Series

SU Hong1, LIU Jun\|ming1*, WANG Chun\|yan2, WANG Peng\|xin1, HUANG Jian\|xi1, YA

2014, 16(5): 99-107. DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.196

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Remote sensing data can be used to continuousely supervise the globle resources and environment by large area, and obtain more precise research results. NASAs Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Land Surface Temperature (MODIS LST) data is an ideal and common data source due to its optimal temporal and spatial resolution. Meanwhile, the LST value is generally missing or abnormal for the impact from mixed pixels and cloud noises. To counter this phenomenon, taking Henan Province as studying eara and MODIS LST data as research object, the MODIS LST Time Series LST datum were reconstructed, which were the daily products of Henan Province in 2011 by harmonic analysis of time series method. The result indicated that the reconstructed data could remedy over 70% missing images, and the RMSE of more than 60% images were controlled within 3℃. Thus, a better reconstruction result was obtained. In addition, there was a great correlation between the reconstructed LST time series data and the actual meteorological data. And the correlation coefficient was about 0.8, which indicated that the reconstructed LST time series data could reflect the trend of temperature variation.

Usability and Correlation with Latent Fragrant Substance of Chemical Component in Flue\|cured Tobacco Leaves in Kunming

WANG Yu\|jun1,2, ZHOU Ji\|heng1,2*, LU Xin\|lang1,2,3, LIU Li2, ZHANG Yi\|yang2,

2014, 16(5): 108-114. DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.124

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In order to better understand the quality characteristics of tobacco varieties in Kunming, this paper figured out CCUI (chemical component index validity) representing tobacco leaves quality using principle component analysis and fuzzy mathematical method; and carried out comprehensive evaluation on chemical component usability of flue\|cured tobacco varieties including Kunming K326, Honghuadajinyuan(Hongda), Yunyan 87, NC102 and NC297; and analyzed the relationship between major chemical components and pigment, polyphenol. The result indicated that: ①the average concentration of total sugar, potassium, chlorine and the ratio of potassium to chlorine were at an appropriate level, while the reducing sugar and nicotine were high, and the content of total nitrogen, ratio of sugar to nicotine and ratio of nitrogen to nicotine were low; ②the proportion of chemical component usability grades Ⅰ~Ⅳ of flue\|cured tobacco leaves in Kunming were 5%, 31%, 50%, 14%, respectively. The average CCUI was 05159, and CCUI in different varieties were Hongda> Yunyan87> K326> NC297> NC102; ③the contents of lutein, β\|carotene were significant or highly significant negative correlation with the contents of chlorine and nicotine, while were significant positive correlation with ratio of sugar to nicotine, ratio of nitrogen to nicotine, and ratio of potassium to chlorine.

Present Research Status and Prospects of Microbial Communities Structure and Functional Microorganisms in Tobacco\|Planting Soil

ZHANG Ming\|yan1, ZHANG Ji\|guang1*, SHEN Guo\|ming1, ZHANG Zhong\|feng1, CAI Xi

2014, 16(5): 115-122. DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.169

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Soil microorganism is key components of soil ecosystem. It plays an important role in soil ecosystem sustainability and ecological service function. With the intensive comprehension of the importance of soil microorganisms in farmland and the renew of research methodology, the research work on soil microorganisms in tobacco field is highly focused. This paper expounded the current research status on soil microbe in tobacco planting soil and progress achieved in soil microbial community structure, functional microbe, microbe influencing factors and research methods. On this base, the paper put forward suggestions for future research. Emphasis must be laid on the width and depth of soil microbial research, soil microbial structure and function, utilization of soil microbial resource and molecular ecological tools. Through deepening studies on soil microbial structure and function and its application on tobacco production, theoretical and practical guidance were provided for keeping healthy soil in tobacco planting fields and upgrading the quality of tobacco leaves as well.

Ecological Characteristics and the Relation with Marine Environment of Phytoplankton at Neon Flying Squid Fisheries in the North Pacific High Seas

2014, 16(5): 123-131. DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.144

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This paper expounded and analyzed the composition and quantitative distribution of phytoplankton species, their relation with marine environmental factors and changes of center fisheries, using the ecological environment survey data of neon flying squid fishery from June to September in 2010, combined with abundance and dominance estimation method and SUFER application software. The results showed that the types of phytoplankton were complex in the North Pacific. According to preliminary identification about the phytoplankton species, there were 3 doors, 28 genera and 80 species. In the east fishing ground, there were 39 species including 24 warm\|water species, 7 cool\|water sub\|frigid zone species, 4 tropical far\|flung species, 2 temperate warm species, and 2 other ecological unnamed species. In the west fishing ground, there were 62 species including 43 warm\|water species, 5 cool\|water sub\|frigid zone species, 9 tropical far\|flung species, 3 temperate warm species, and 2 other ecological unnamed species. The species in the east fishing ground were significantly less than that in the western fishery. But in the east there were more sub\|frigid zone species than the west. This survey spanned more waters, including the east and the west fishing grounds of neon flying squid. The range was 150°E~170°W、38°N~45°N of North Pacific high waters. We also discovered that production catches of neon flying squid had high frequency, which was over 14%, and the abundance of phytoplankton was within the range of 2.98×103~59.87×103 ind/m3.

Studies on Assessment of Carbon Sinks of Indian Ocean Tuna Fishery ——Taking China for Example

YUE Dong\|dong1, WANG Lu\|min1*, ZHANG Xun1, ZHENG Han\|feng1, FENG Chun\|lei1,

2014, 16(5): 132-138. DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.380

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Pelagic fishing is an integral part of the carbon sink fishery, which not only provides consumers with high quality aquatic products, but also has a carbon sink function. Based on the assessment model Ⅰ and Ⅱ, the tuna fishery carbon sinks of China was evaluated by the data provided by Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) and integrated with related information on trophic level from 1995 to 2012. The results showed that the mean trophic level of tuna fishery was between 4.34~4.45 from 1995 to 2012, and the frequency of 4.41~4.45 was 66.66%. The average carbon sinks of assessment model Ⅰ was 541 300 t, and the peak was 1 245 100 t in 2006. The species of BET, YFT and ALB were the major contribution to carbon sinks assessment model Ⅱ, the average value was 550 500 t, and the peak was 1 258 300 t in 2006. The results of assessment model Ⅰ and Ⅱ had the same trends, but the measuring value of model Ⅱ was lower, and the relative difference between them was only 2.35%. The systematic studies on energy transfer efficiency of tuna food web in different sea, species and life cycle should be carried out in order to accurately assess the amount of carbon sinks of tuna fishery.

Correlation and Path Analysis on Quantitative Traits of Clinocardium californiense

CAO Xue\|shun, DING Jun*, CHANG Ya\|qing, ZHANG Wei\|jie

2014, 16(5): 139-146. DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.088

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The result of correlation analysis between body size traits and quality traits of Clinocardium californiense showed that all the 11 quantitative traits（shell lengh, shell high, shell width, umbo to front\|end, umbo to back\|end, front\|end to shell margin, back\|end to shell margin, body weight, shell weight, flesh weight and flesh dry weight）were significantly correlated with each other(P<0.01). The result of path analysis showed that shell width directly affected the major body size traits including body weight, shell weight and flesh weight, and its direct effects were 0383, 0.540, 0.419. Looking from the indirect effects, shell high had the maximum indirect effect on body weight as 0.580. Umbo to back\|end had the maximum indirect effect on shell weight as 0.583. Umbo to front\|end had the maximum indirect effect on flesh weight as 0.639. The optimal regression equations established by stepwise regression method using body size traits to estimate quality traits were: BW=-28.816+0.741Sw+0.213SH+0.245SL+0.321b,SW=-13.453+0.152SH+0.486Sw+0.148, FW=-7.629+0.085SH+0.237Sw+0.068a+0.083d, respectively. These results has provided theoretical references both for Clinocardium californiense culture practice and studies on its germplasm.

Effects of Plant Growth Conditions on Maize Protoplast Transformation

XIE Li, ZONG Na, ZHAO Jun*

2014, 16(5): 147-153. DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.170

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Plant protoplast transient transformation is a versatile tool for transient gene expression analysis. To study the effects of plant growth conditions on maize protoplast transformation, maize inbred line Q319 was used as material to discuss the effect of maize growth condition（light intensity, photoperiod, growth temperature and seedlings age）on maize protoplast transformation by orthogonal experiment L9(34) design. The results showed that the 4 growth conditions all affected maize protoplast transformation, among which light intensity played the most important role on protoplast viability and transformation efficiency. Further study showed that there was a notable negative correlation between light intensity and protoplast viability and transformation efficiency. The maize etiolated seedlings were the best material for maize protoplast transformation. The protoplast viability and transformation efficiency of etiolated seedlings could reach 100% and 85%, respectively. In addition, the highest transformation efficiency was obtained using the protoplasts from etiolated seedlings 13 d after sowing.

Preparation of Soluble Dietary Fiber of Jujube Fruit Residues with Cellulase

GUO Xue\|xia1, MU Jian\|lou2*, WANG Jie2, GUO Hai\|feng1

2014, 16(5): 154-159. DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.211

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The soluble dietary fiber is a very important functional food base material recognized as an international consensus. In order to discuss the effect of adding enzyme amount, solid\|liquid ratio, enzymolysis temperature and time, this study took jujube fruit residues as material and extracted soluble dietary fiber by cellulase. The single factor and orthogonal array design experiments were carried out. The results indicated that the optimal procedure for producing soluble dietary fiber was cellulase dose of 4%, 1∶15 solid\|liquid ratio, enzymolgysis at 50℃, for 1.5 hour. Under this conditions, the yield of dietary fiber could reach 6.20%. This study would provide reference data for comprehensive utilization of jujube fruit residues, and enrich the material source of edable fiber.

Studies on Transformation and Upgrading Path Pattern for Flour Processing Enterprises in China

LU Feng\|jun1, KOU Guang\|tao1, ZHAI Liu\|shuan1, LIU Qing1, YU Jun\|bo2

2014, 16(5): 160-166. DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.132

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Confranting serious excess of production capacity and tight competition pressurewithin industry, this paper combines current progress, and actual enterprise investigation and discussion. 30 flour processing enterprises were selected with processing capacity of over 400 t wheat per day, and summarized in\|depth the development path of flour processing enterprises based on their development orientation. Many problems were found during the development, and our progress was very slow. There were a lot of things for doing special and fine, doing peculiar and excellent, and doing bigger and strongger. On this base, we applied systematic analysis and designed a new development pattern for those enterprises to do special and better, to perform excellent and strong. This paper provided a strategic conception about creating industry ecology and constructing innovation service platform for the transformation and upgrading, so as to provide theoretical reliance and decision making reference for the sustainable and healthy development of flour processing enterprises in China.

Analysis about Research Status of Plant Stress\|resistance Gene Based on Patent Data

LU Yao, SONG Min*

2014, 16(5): 167-174. DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.215

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Studies on plant stress\|resistance gene have great significance for transgenic breeding. This study collected the patent literatures related to plant stress\|resistance gene research from 1989 to 2013 in IPA361 patent database, and analyzed the patent application quantity, its annual changes, patentee, keyword and Derwent Manual Code using methods of patentometrics, word co\|occurence, social network and tools of Bibexcel, Citespace and Vosviewer, etc. to figure out the dynamic trend, advantage unit and its competitive situation, research hotspots and key technological fields. The results showed that the related patent application grew rapidly since 1989, and entered into a period of accelerated growth after 2000. The predominant patentees were universities, scientific research institutes in China and transnational enterprises from USA and Germany. A competitive situation was presented as alliance between unequal players, and rivalries between strong ones. The research hotspots on patent were mainly focused on rice, drought resistance, salt resistance and transcription factor, etc. The development of patent technology was based on studying nucleotide sequence and protein sequence. At the same time this study showed the tendency of refining the branches in plant objects, stress types and stress tolerance mechanism.

Analysis of World Cherry Research Trend Based on Bibliometrics

2014, 16(5): 175-181. DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2014.056

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Based on the Web of Science database and using biblionmetric method, this paper analyzed the trend of published cherry literature in the world from 2000 to 2013, and also reviewed the research institutes, core authors, key journals, subject categories and research hot spots of the countries with published paper quantity ranking at world top 5. The result indicated that there were 1 794 cherry research papers all over the world. The paper production as a whole showed a rising trend, with the top quantity in 2012, which was almost 2.288 times of that in 2005. The top 5 countries were the United States, Turkey, Spain, Germany and Italy. The United States published 376 papers, taking the first place. Except Germany, the other 4 coutries were among the world top 5 in cherry production, illustrating that their strong scientific research ability did promote the development of cherry industry. The world top 5 institutions with high cherry academic paper quantity were USDA\|ARS, Michigan State Unversity, Washington State University, Agriculture Agri\|Food Canada, and University of Extremadura in Spain. The core authors with high academic achievement were mainly from the United States. “Scientia Horticulturae”,“Hortscience”,“Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry”, “Postharvest Biology and Technology” and “Food Chemistry” were the major journals in this field. The main disciplines of these published cherry literature were agriculture, food science technology, plant science, chemistry and environmental science ecology. The research hot spots were focused on fruit quality, disease, anthocyanin, rootstock and post harvest mechanism.

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