Table of Content

15 April 2018, Volume 20 Issue 4

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Research Progress on Transformation of Agricultural Scientific and Technology Achievements in China

LIN Qingning, MAO Shiping*

2018, 20(4):  1-11.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0367

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The transformation of agricultural science and technology achievements is in the middle of agricultural innovation chain, and also the focus of academia attention. The present studies on related issues embracing the transformation of agricultural science and technology achievements in China, are mainly focused on 6 aspects: the existing problems, status, models and mechanism of agricultural science and technology achievements transformation, performance evaluation, conversion rate and foreign technology transfer efficiency. This article systematically combed the existing research activities from the above 6 aspects, and pointed out issues and prospects needed to be concerned in the near future.

Genome Editing Technology and Its Safety Assessment Management

JIAO Yue1, WU Gang2, HUANG Yaohui1, XIONG Li1, ZHAI Yong1*

2018, 20(4):  12-19.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0495

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Genome editing technologies have saved the long time period of multi-generation hybridization needed by conventional breeding; thus, speeded up the breeding process. At the same time, there are potential risks due to the artificial increase of mutation efficiency and existence of off-target effects. Herein, this paper brievely reviewed the principles, merits and demerits of the 3 mainly technologies in genome editing; compared them with the conventional breeding method and transgenetic technology, and discussed the advanteges of genome editing techniques and their products and the possible biological safety risks caused by off-target effect. The regulatory models and related policies of genome editing plants in the worlds major countries were also elaborated. Finally, the paper discussed the safety assessment of genome editing technique in China combined with Chinese current regulations on definition of transgenic plants and principles of risk assessment. Before ending, the paper put forward thonghts on managing safety assessment of genome editing plants.

Effects of Chitooligosaccharide on Plant Growth and Antioxidant System in Seedlings of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under PEG Stress

ZHAO Xiaoqiong1, LIANG Taishuai2, ZHAO Runzhu1

2018, 20(4):  20-28.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0393

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In order to clarify the mitigation mechanism of chitooligosaccharide in protecting wheat seedlings against drought stress, this paper investigated the effects of different concentrations of chitooligosaccharide solution (10 mg/L, 100 mg/L and 200 mg/L) on the growth, leaves O·-2 and MDA contents, antioxidant enzyme activity and osmosis-regulating substances contents of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under 20% PEG stress by a hydroponic experiment. The results showed that spraying 3 concentrations of chitooligosaccharide could obviously promote the growth of wheat seedlings under PEG stress, with the plant height, root length, shoot and root dry weight increased significantly after treated for 48 h (except for the root dry weight of 200 mg/L). After treated for 24 h and 48 h, foliar-spraying 100 mg/L chitooligosaccharide decreased significantly the leaves O·-2 contents under PEG stress, and the 3 concentrations of chitooligosaccharide decreased significantly the leaves MDA contents. Compared with the concentrations of 10 mg/L and 200 mg/L, spraying 100 mg/L chitooligosaccharide could significantly enhance the leaves antioxidant activity of wheat seedlings under PEG stress, with the SOD, POD and CAT activities and soluble protein, soluble sugar and proline contents increased significantly (except for proline contents at 48 h). Thus, the 100 mg/L chitooligosaccharide solution was more appropriate as spraying concentration. These findings indicated that appropriate spraying concentration of chitooligosaccharide solution could effectively enhance the wheat resistance to PEG stress by promoting the growth of shoots and roots, decreasing leaves reactive oxygen species accumulation and membrane lipid peroxidation, and improving the antioxidant enzymes activity and osmosis-regulating substances contents.

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Application on the Biosynthesis of Plastid Pigment in Flue-cured Tobacco

HUANG Mingyue, NIU Dexin, WANG Lizhi, LOU Yanan, LI Yanhua,YANG Shengnan, ZHANG Hongying, CUI Hong*

2018, 20(4):  29-35.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0391

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In order to uncover the effects of organic fertilizers on the metabolism of plastid pigment in flue-cured tobacco, this study compared the plastid ultrastructure, plastid pigment contents and pigment biosynthesis-key gene expression patterns in the middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco cultivar Yunyan 87 at the ripening stage under different organic fertilizer treatments. The results showed that the number of osmiophilic granules and thylakoid lamellas increased along with the increase of organic fertilizer application. Notably, high organic fertilizer application could markedly promoted the chloroplast (chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b) development and plastid pigment (β-carotene, violaxanthin, neoxanthin and lutein) accumulation. Analysis of pigment biosynthesis-key gene expression patterns revealed that the transcript levels of DXS, DXR, LCYb, LCYe and CRTISO genes were responded to organic fertilizers, indicating that these genes may play crucial roles in pigment synthesis, while IPI, PSY, PDS, ZDS, CAB and CHL genes were not induced by organic fertilizer.

Construction of Tagged Recombinant Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Their Immunogenicity in Mice

HUA Tao1,2,3, TANG Bo1,2,3, CHANG Chen1,2,3, LIU Guoyang1,2,3, ZHANG Xuehua1,2,3, YU Yang1,2,3, HOU Jibo1,2,3, ZHANG Daohua1,2,3*

2018, 20(4):  36-43.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0356

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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) can cause postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. In order to obtain the purified virus and develop novel marker vaccine against PCV2, a 6-amino-acid His tag was inserted into the C-terminus of capsid protein of PCV2. The recombinant mark virus rPCV2-His expressing the His tag was constructed and rescued. The recombinant marker virus was detected by indirect immunouorescence assay and Western blot, and was purified by nickel column. PCV2 specific antibody was significantly improved and His tag immune antibody was produced in mice inmunized with purified recombinant virus. PCV2 content was significantly decreased in mice inmunized with purified recombinant virus. The findings of this study may be used for the development of a novel PCV2 vaccine.

Functional Characterization of Two rnf Gene Clusters Encoding Electron Transport Complex in Nitrogen-fixing Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501

LU Chao1, LIU Wei2, HUANG Yi1, YANG Zhimin1,3, SHANG Liguo1,ZHANG Hongyang1, ZHAN Yuhua1, LU Wei1, YAN Yongliang1*, LIN Min1

2018, 20(4):  44-51.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2018.0068

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Energy supply is one of the most important factors restricting the efficiency of biological nitrogen fixation, and electron transfer complex is a significant component in energy production process of biological nitrogen fixation. Genome analysis has identified 2 sets of rnf gene clusters coding for electron transport complex in the chromosome of nitrogen-fixing Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501, naming rnf1 and rnf2. The rnf1 gene cluster locates in the nitrogen fixation island, and rnf1 in the core genome. To clarify the function of both electron transport complexes, polar mutants of rnf1 and rnf2 gene clusters were constructed individually. Growth curves determination revealed that mutation of each cluster did not affect the growth in minimal medium, but deletion of rnf1 gene cluster decreased the nitrogenase activity by 90% of the wild type. However deletion of rnf2 gene cluster had no significant effect on nitrogenase activity, suggesting that rnf1 might be involved in the electron transfer to nitrogenase in A1501. The transcription level of nitrogenase reductase encoding gene nifH was further determined by promoter-lacZ fusion expression strategy. It was found that transcriptional activity of nifH reduced by 80% in rnf1 mutant, compared with that in the wild type. It was hypothesized that deletion of rnf1 might lead to energy lack, and an imbalance of the intracellular C/N ratio under nitrogen fixation conditions, finally affecting the expression of nif genes.

Research Progress of Ginsenoside Biotransformation

CAI Xiaoyu1, YAN Peisheng1*, GAO Xiujun1, CHEN Qiqi1, GUO Changlu1,LIU Rundong2, LIANG Hao2, ZHANG Mingchen2

2018, 20(4):  52-60.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0339

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Ginsenoside and rare ginsenosides are the main active ingredient of Panax species. Rare ginsenosides have very high pharmacological activity, but low content in Panax species. Therefore, it is of research value to obtain rare ginsenosides by biotransformation. At present, there are food-grade microorganisms and various glycosidases, snail enzymes, etc. being applied to ginsenoside biotransformation.This paper reviewed the types and efficacies of ginsenoside, bio-enzymatic and microbial fermentation of ginsenosides biosynthesis products and technological conditions, which provided beneficial references for large quantity industrial production of rare ginsenosides.

Multidimentional Soil Data Analysis Based on Self-organizing Map Artificial Neural Network

WANG Shufen1, WANG Wei2*

2018, 20(4):  61-71.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0542

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Self-organizing map (SOM) technique has unique advantage in multi-dimentional soil data analysis, because of its powerful nonlinear fitting ability and visualization.This paper analyzed the topsoil multi-dimentional data by SOM technique and carried out studies on applying artificial neural network (ANN) in environment area. The region of Wusu-Kuitun-Dushanzi-Shawan in Xinjiang was selected as the study area, and then 199 topsoil samples were collected and 22 soil properties were analyzed. The clustering analysis of soil samples, sampling points optimization and correlation of soil properties were studied by SOM technique. The results showed that the soil in study area was significantly affected by human activities. Except pH, the other 21 soil property data obeyed normal distribution or lognormal distribution. The soil samples were divided into 42 groups according to soil internal correlation and similarities of soil properties. According to the results of grouping situation and spatial distribution characteristics of sampling points, 24 sampling points with similar soil properties and spatial adjacent were optimized. Certain correlation existed between soil properties, such as: there was negative correlation between OM and pH, while positive correlation between OM and ωH2O; there was positive correlation between OM and As, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Al, Co, Fe, Mo, Ti; but there was negative correlation between OM and K, Na, Sb, and positive correlation between OM and Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Fe. There was positive correlation between Cd and Ni; there was higher positive correlation between Al and Ti; but there was no conspicuous correlation between V, Hg, Pb and Sb.

Analysis of Security Level for Improving Quality Safety of Agricultural Products in China

ZHANG Xiaoyun, LI Zhemin*, XIAO Hongli

2018, 20(4):  72-78.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0645

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Quality and safety(QS) issue of agricultural products is one of the major concerns catching the government and peoples attention. Recently, the government has invested huge amount of human, financial and material resources for impoving the QS of agricultural products and achieved remarkable results. The QS level of agricultural products is improving steadily. However, there are still many problems in each links of production and management of agricultural products need to be solved, because of the late start, big quantity and poor foundation. This paper investigated the development situation of QS agricultural products in China; analyzed the major problems and challenges; and put forward suggestions as establishing risk pre-warning mechanism, perfecting treaceability system, constructing standarized management system taking big data and full media as carrier, setting up “three products and one geographical indication” market mechanism for QS agricultural products, etc., so as to ensure the quality and efficiency of agriculture production, and the farmers to earn more money.

Research Progress on Quality Chemistry of Chinese White Tea

LIU Dongna, LUO Fan, LI Chunhua, TANG Xiaobo, MA Weiwei, ZHANG Ting, WANG Yun*

2018, 20(4):  79-91.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0336

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As an unique kind of tea, Chinese white tea is characterized by its fragrance and fresh in aroma, brisk and mellow in taste, referring to the special processing technology. This paper summarized the recent progress in studying the quality chemistry of Chinese white tea; clearly clarified the chemical factor related to the color, aroma and taste of Chinese white tea; analyzed the effect of raw material of fresh leaves, withering, drying, shaping and other innovative technology on the quality chemistry of Chinese white tea. This paper also pointed out that chemical factors related to the quality, color, aroma and taste of Chinese white tea could be accurately quantitated and characterized by precise instrument and advanced technique. The changing regulation of Chinese white tea could be throughly studied from the chemical functional groups and molecular state points of view. It is a key research direction for the future quality chemistry of Chinese white tea to reveal the important link and mechanism of the formation of quality chemistry by Chinese white tea.

Studies on Indicative Function of Heavy Metals in Bee Products to Environmental Pollution

HUANG Jiaqi1, WEI Yue1*, CHEN Fang2, WU Liming2*

2018, 20(4):  92-100.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0514

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This study accurately detected 11 kinds of common heavy metals in environmental medium and bee products from different areas with different pollution levels by the inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique, then statistical analyses were carried out by descriptive, correlation, variance, and regression analysis. The results indicated that the heavy metal contents in soil samples from different areas were relatively higher and there were bigger differences among them. But the heavy metal contents in acacia plant were generally lower than that in soil, and there were no obvious differences among the sampling areas. The average heavy metal contents in bee pollen had the same changing tendency with environmental pollution degree, and there was stronger correlation between heavy metal contents correspondent with environmental medium. Therefore, bee pollen was suitable to be an indicator for heavy mental pollution in the environment. Although the heavy metal contents in honey were lower, its elements of Co, Fe, Mo were good indicators for environmental pollution. This study provided a new technological model for evaluating environmental pollution, and also a new idea for expanding its application area in bee industry.

Response of Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Different Genotype Maize Varieties to Nitrogen Reducing

WANG Ronghuan§, CHEN Chuanyong§, XU Tianjun, ZHAO Jiuran*,LV Tianfang, LIU Yuee, LIU Xiuzhi, LIU Chunge

2018, 20(4):  101-107. 

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Using maize varieties with higher nitrogen use efficiency and yield potential is an effective approach for realizing high and stable maize yield, reducing cost and increasing efficiency. Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of nitrogen(N) reducing on maize yield and N use efficiency, by using 4 widely planted maize varieties in China, Zhengdan 958 (ZD958), Xianyu 335 (XY335), Jingke 968 (JK968) and Jingnongke 728 (JNK728), under 4 pure N application treatments with 0 kg/hm2(N0), 75 kg/hm2(N1), 150 kg/hm2(N2), 225 kg/hm2(N3). The results showed that: ① Applying N fertilizer could significantly increase the maize yield, and the yield of JK968 was the highest under 4 different N treatments with 4.1%, 7.7% and 14.6% higher than that of ZD958, XY335 and JNK728. The yield of JK968 and JNK728 decreased insignificantly, but ZD958 and XY335 decreased significantly, when N application appropriately reduced by 75 kg/hm2 (from N3 to N2). ② The single plant biomass, dry matter accumulation after anthesis and dry matter transfer rate among varieties under different N levels were different significantly. The single plant biomass of JK968 and JNK728 decreased insignificantly when N application reduced from N3 to N2, but ZD958 and XY335 decreased significantly. ③ N use efficiency decreased with the increase of N application. The agronomic utilization rate and nitrogen use efficiency of JK968 and JNK728 were higher than those of ZD958 and XY335 under different N treatments, and the dominance was obvious at lower N level. ④ The amount of N should be absorbed per 100 kg grain among different treatments and varieties differed significantly. The amount of N should be absorbed per 100 kg grain among varieties showed ZD958 (2.3 kg)>XY335 (2.2 kg)>JNK728 (2.1 kg)>JK968 (2.0 kg). Thus, JK968 had relatively higher yield level under barren conditions; N use efficiency decreased with the increase of N application; N use efficiency of JK968 and JNK728 were higher than those of ZD958 and XY335 under different N treatments, and the yield decreased insignificantly when N application appropriately reduced from N3 to N2. The higher dry matter accumulation, dry matter transfer rate after anthesis, N use efficiency and less N needed for per unit maize grain production were the main reasons for the insignificant decrease of the yield of JK968 and JNK728 when the N application appropriately reduced.

Influence of Silkworm Excrement Soil Amendments on Acidic Soil and Growth of Vigna unguiculata

LIN Lihua, ZHI Huyu

2018, 20(4):  108-114.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0337

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Soil compaction and salinization were caused by successive cropping, excessive chemical fertilizer application and unscientific pesticide application. Therefore, the soil-borne diseases were aggravated, the living environment of beneficial rhizospheric microorganisms were destroyed, the soil ecological balance was broken, and the crop growth was restricted. If agricultural production was carried out on this type of soil, soil deterioration would become more serious. Consequently, plant diseases and pests were exacerbated year by year, and the crop yields decreased or even lost. The polluted ecological environment could even affect the survival and development of mankind. In southern China, soil acidification, one of the severest soil degradation, was a necessitated problem urgently need to be solved at present. A pot culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil amendments on acid soil and the growth of cowpeas. It covered 2 continuous cropping seasons of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). The soil amendments were applied in the first growing season, while no soil amendment was used for the second one. Results showed that: ① When appropriate soil amendment was applied on acid soil, which could be improved. Soil pH and organic matter could be increased, crop growth would be promoted, and crop yield would be increased. ② In this study, silkworm excrement soil amendment (silkworm excrement 50%, shell powder 40%, magnesium oxide 10%) was selected as the optimal soil amendment, which made soil pH rise by 0.77, soil organic matter content increase by 6.49%, and cowpea yield increase by 125.99%.

Dry Matter Accumulation and Nutrient Uptake of Flue-cured Tobacco Under Different Planting Patterns

GU Yong1, XIE Yunbo1, ZHANG Yonghui1, CAI Yan2, SHEN Jie2,SONG Yang2, ZHOU Zehong2, LI Bin3, LI Bing2*

2018, 20(4):  115-122.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0313

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This paper explored the dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco in different planting modes and characteristics of nutrient uptake dynamics and distribution, so as to provide theoretical basis for nutrient management of flue-cured tobacco in different planting modes. Field experiment was conducted to study the dynamics changes in dry matter accumulation and nutrient content couple after transplant under 2 planting modes: non-irrigated farmland rotation and paddy-upland field rotation with Yunyan 97 as material. The results showed that the paddy-upland field rotation mode was beneficial to dry matter accumulation, which was 1.11 times of that under non-irrigated farmland rotation mode (91 d after transplant). There were bigger changes in root and stem distribution ratio of dry matter accumulation, but the differences in leaf were not obvious. The nitrogen accumulation rates during 2 time periods: 21~35 d and 49~63 d after transplant, were higher in paddy-upland field rotation. The nitrogen content(21.84 g/kg) 91 d after transplant was 12.98%, higher than that in non-irrigated farmland rotation(19.33 g/kg), and the nitrogen accumulation rate in leaf was 3.79%, higher than that in non-irrigated farmland rotation. The accumulation rate of phosphorus in root, stem and leaf reached the maximum in 63~77 d and 49~63 d, respectively, after transplant in non-irrigated farmland rotation rotation. And that in paddy-upland field rotation was obviously lagged behind. Besides, non-irrigated farmland rotation mode was beneficial for improving potassium content in flue-cured tobacco, which was 1.36 times (91 d after transplant) of that in paddy-upland field rotation. The potassium uptake rate all increased rapidly in the early to mid-late period (21~63 d after transplant) under non-irrigated farmland rotation, and the absorption peak period(49~63 d after transplant) appeared also significantly later than that in paddy-upland field rotation(35~49 d after transplant). Therefore, light nitrogen fertilizer, heavy potassium fertilizer and early top dressing application of potassium should be applied in paddy-upland field. The nitrogen, potassium application quantity and time period, should be adjusted in non-irrigated farmland rotation, and the top dressing potassium should be applied later.

Analysis of Vertical Distribution Characteristics of Leaf-type in Flue-cured Tobacco Based on Nitrogen Effect

LIU Zhihong1, SHAO Huifang1*, WANG Lin1, KONG Dehui2, MU Tong1,HUANG Wuxing1, XU Zicheng1

2018, 20(4):  123-131.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0220

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In order to clarify the effect of different nitrogen application on the characteristics of leaf-type flue-cured tobacco, this experiment took 3 flue-cured tobacco Qinyan96, Yuyan12 and Yunyan87 as test materials; designed 3 nitrogen application levels N1 (30 kg/hm2), N2 (60 kg/hm2), N3 (90 kg/hm2); and determined the indexes of leaf length & width, angle between stem & leaf, leaf area, community light penetrating rate, etc.; and analyzed the differences in the characteristics of leaf canopy vertical distribution. The results showed that: ① Group leaf area index(LAI) transferred to middle & upper layer with the advance of growth stage, LAI was first increased and then decreased with canopy height increasing, the regulating effects of nitrogen levels on LAI varied with canopy height and different genotype. ② The angle between stem and leaf increased with the increase of canopy height and nitrogen application rate, but the increase range of canopy height and genotype was different; the vertical angle of stem and leaf decreased with the increase of canopy height at N1 and N2 levels, but decreased first then increased afterwards with the increase of canopy height at N3 level; the change tendency of leaf curvature and stem leaf angle was the same. ③ The transmittance of group flue-cured tobacco increased with canopy height, and decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate; the light transmittance rate was in accordance with the changes in 2-order polynomial curve, the equation parameters were significantly different between nitrogen application levels, but there was no significant difference among genotypes. ④ The transmittance of 3 varieties decreased exponentially with the increase of cumulative leaf area index. The light transmittance of Yuyan12 was the lowest under different cumulative leaf area index. The transmittance of Qinyan96 was smaller than that of Yunyan87, when the accumulated leaf area index was less than 1.2. While, when it was over 1.2, the result was just the opposite. In a word, the vertical distribution characteristics of tobacco leaf-type were better at N2(60 kg/hm2) level, which was in favor of tobacco leaf growth and development, and the formation of quality.

Effects of Different Herbicides on Yield and Effective Component of Bupleurum chinense

WANG Xiangdong1, MA Yanzhi2*, KE Shaoying2

2018, 20(4):  132-137.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0575

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Taking Bupleurum chinense as experimental material, this paper used 6 different herbicides (Trifluralin, Butralin, Chucaotong, Quizalofop-P-ethyl, Haloxyfop-R-methyl, Fluazifop-P-butyl) to treat Bupleurum chinense seeds before sowing and after seedling emergence, respectively, and pure water was taken as the contrast. The contents of saikosaponin a and d, total saponins, alcohol soluble leaching and herbicide residues were measured at the optimum harvesting period. At the same time, the effects of different herbicides on the yield, quality and pesticide residues in medicinal materials of Bupleurum chinense were analyzed. The results showed that the yields of Bupleurum were significantly improved by different herbicides, except Chucaotong. Among them, Trifluralin treatment got the highest yield with 1 387.5 kg/hm2, 65.09% higher than that of the contrast, followed by haloxyfop-R-methyl with 1 240.65 kg/hm2, 47.6% higher than that of the contrast. The changing trend of saikosaponin a and d contents were basically consistent, and the saikosaponin (a+d) content of all treatments was over 0.3%. The highest saikosaponin a and d contents were gained by Quizalofop-P-ethyl treatment. The total content of saikosaponins treated by herbicides was lower than that of the contrast, but all above 6% without significant difference. Herbicide residues were not detected in the 6 treatments. Combined with all these indexes, the results of subordination function method for the effects of different treatments were as following: Trifluralin > Fluazifop-P-butyl > water > Haloxyfop-R-methyl > Chucaotong > Butralin. Therefore, Trifluralin could be used before Bupleurum chinense sowing, and Quizalofop-P-ethyl be used after Bupleurum chinense seedling as better herbicide types.

Optimization of Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Panax notoginseng Root Polysaccharides Using Response Surface Methology

CHEN Jine, LIU Hui, ZHAO Zhigang, ZHANG Hairong*

2018, 20(4):  138-146.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0235

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The conditions of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of polysaccharides from Panax notoginseng root were optimized by response surface methodology. On the basis of single factor experiments, the extraction time, ultrasonic temperature, ratio of material to liquid and ultrasonic power were selected as the influencing factors. A 4-factor, 3-level Box-Behnken central composite design (CCD) was used for response surface analysis with polysaccharide yield as response value. The results showed that the optimal conditions of UAE were as follows: ultrasonic power of 320 W, extraction time of 41 min, temperature of 58℃, and material-liquid ratio 1 g∶50 mL. Under these conditions, the polysaccharides yield of Panax notoginseng root could reach 19.51%. Compared with the traditional hot water soaking and extracting method, the extraction efficiency of UAE was obviously improved. This technology was convenient, speedness with higher productivity. It could be used to guide the industrial production of extracting polysaccharide from Panax notoginseng root.

Studies on the Effect of New Type Complex Modifier to Improve Saline Soil

DONG Ning1, KANG Lijuan2*, SHI Feng1, SONG Yujia1, ZHANG Jingxia1, ZHANG Yumang1

2018, 20(4):  147-153.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2017.0204

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Directing at the physicochemical property of saline soil in Songyuan Qianan of Jilin Province, this paper discussed the feasibility of improving saline soil by mushroom bran through taking edible mushroom bran as substrate to composite new organic-inorganic complex modifier to improve saline soil. This paper took mushroom bran as substrate, added chemical gypsum and aluminum sulfate, and studied the result of saline soil improvement by complex modifier via carrying out soil culture experiment. The results indicated that the complex modifier could better improve the physicochemical property of saline soil, significantly reduce alkali, and the soil bulk descended with the increase of mushroom bran dosage, the number of soil micro aggregates (0.25~1 mm) was significantly increased, while the soil pH, content of sodium exchange and total alkalinity decreased gradually. The content of total salt in soil showed a tendency of first reducing gradually then slightly increasing. In this experiment, the complex modifier had fewer infect on soil cation exchange quantity. The ratio of various additives with 66% mushroom bran, 26% gypsum and 8% aluminum sulfate had the best improvement effect. Through studying the effect of complex modifiers, important references was provided for the improvement of saline alkali soil in western areas of Jilin Province.