Table of Content

15 October 2020, Volume 22 Issue 10

Previous Issue    Next Issue

Analysis of the Development Characteristics and Trends of Sorghum Industry in China

LIU Chenyang1, ZHANG Huijie2, XIN Xiangfei1*

2020, 22(10):  1-9.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0706

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1987KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Sorghum is an important miscellaneous grain crop. In recent years, the trade quantity of sorghum between China and the United States has fluctuated dramatically. The situation of sorghum supply and demand in China has changed significantly, and consequently the development of the sorghum industry has attracted much attention. From the aspects of production, trade and consumption characteristics, this paper analyzed the development trend of sorghum industry in China from 1960 to 2018. It was found that the status of Chinese sorghum changed from a major grain crop to a minor miscellaneous grain, while the planting area of sorghum in China increased slightly in recent years. The domestic consumption of sorghum was mainly attributed to brewing sorghum-based spirits and for livestock and poultry feed use. Although China was the third largest sorghum consumer country in the world, its per capita consumption level was not high. China is the world’s largest importer of sorghum at present. Import sharply increased and reduced under the influence of the demand for feed sorghum, while export was small in scale and relatively stable. In the future, the development scale of sorghum in China would likely remain relatively stable, and the new growth space would mainly depend on the development of dryland grain crops, as well as the expansion of consumption channels.

Development Strategy of Crayfish Industry Under COVID-19 Epidemic——Taking Jingzhou City in Hubei Province as An Example

LIU Kaiwen1,2, ZHAO Hengyan3, ZHU Jianqiang1*, YANG Qingqing2, ZHAO Shuai3, HUANG Yongping2, LI Qiong4, PAN Jiancheng5

2020, 22(10):  11-17.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0449

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1029KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The pandemic situation of COVID-19 has seriously influenced the whole chain of crayfish industry——aquaculture, logistic, processing, and service in Jingzhou. In the short term, each link of the industry was difficult to get well completely, the relevant enterprises and new types of agricultural businesses lack of confidence. After undergoing rapid development for many years, it presented some new changes under the epidemic influence: firstly, the cultivation area tend to be stable and rational, and a large scale of crayfish aquaculture was transformed to high quality aquaculture; secondly, the storage and deep processing industry would be developed rapidly; thirdly, the online consumption mode would become widely accepted. Based on our investigation, some suggestions were put forward for crayfish industry to resume production and to promote the sustainable-healthy development. The first, crayfish aquaculture in paddy field should be changed from high production to high quality; the second, processing and server-side should develop new products and new marketing models; the third, the industry management department should strengthen guidance and supervision, local governments at all levels should strongly support from policy, finance and publicity, so that jointly guide the industry upgrading and create regional brands.

Isolation and Function of TabHLH39 Transcription Factor Regulating Expression of the TaAGPL1 Gene in Bread Wheat

DONG Jie, LI Gezi, HAN Qiaoxia, XIE Yingxin, WANG Yonghua, FENG Wei, MA Dongyun, WANG Chenyang, GUO Tiancai, KANG Guozhang*

2020, 22(10):  18-26.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0319

Asbtract ( )   PDF (8219KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The heterotetrameric ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is the key enzyme in plant starch synthesis, and it is composed of two large subunits (AGPL) and two small subunits (AGPS), consisting of cytosolic and plastidial subunits. AGPL1 belongs to cytosolic subunit and has important influence on the function of AGPase. Previous study showed that overexpression of the TaAGPL1-1D gene, encoding wheat cytosolic large subunit of AGPase, significantly increased the activity of wheat AGPase and the rate of starch accumulation, suggesting that TaAGPL1-1D played an important role in starch biosynthesis. The expression of functional genes is often controlled by transcription factors, so in order to further explore the molecular mechanism of starch synthesis in bread wheat, this study isolated a transcription factor-TabHLH39, one family of the basic/helix-loop-helix family by using yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) between TaAGPL1-1D and cDNA library of wheat grains. The binding capacity between TabHLH39 and the TaAGPL1-1D promoter was further verified by using  Y1H analysis. Then, the barley stripe mosaic virus-virus induced gene-silencing (BSMV-VIGS) method was used to determine its function in regulating the starch synthesis in field, and found that the grain length, width, and weight of BSMV-VIGS-TabHLH39-infected wheat plant grains were significantly inhibited and its starch contents were also significantly decreased by 8.8% compared to BSMV-VIGS-GFP wheat grains. Additionally, the transcription levels of the TaAGPL1-1D and BSMV-VIGS-TabHLH39 genes were decreased markedly. These results suggested that TabHLH39 could be a positive regulator of the TaAGPL1-1D gene, and could be involved in starch synthesis in bread wheat.

Screening and Evaluation of High-quality Indica Rice Cultivars Suitable for Mechanized Transplanting

JIANG Mingjin1, LI Min1*, ZHOU Weijia1, LUO Deqiang1, JIANG Xuehai1, JI Guangmei1, LI Lijiang1, XU Wenbo1, QIN Yuhe2

2020, 22(10):  27-37.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.1043

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1315KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to screen the high-quality indica rice cultivars suitable for mechanized transplanting and establish an evaluation system for mechanized transplanting rice in Guizhou, 34 high-quality indica rice cultivars were used as materials to compare the seedling quality, tillering growth, dry matter accumulation, lodging resistance, grain yield and yield components of rice under mechanized transplanting in Meitan, Zunyi, Guizhou province. The results showed that the grain yield of 34 high-quality indica rice ranged from 6.1 to 10.5 t·hm-2. Combined with a Twostep Cluster Algorithm, the 34 high-quality indica rice cultivars were divided into two types based on rice yield: suitable for mechanized transplanting rice (SMTR) and unsuitable for mechanized transplanting rice (UMTR). Cultivars in SMTR group had the grain yield higher than 8.25 t·hm-2, high seedling rate with good uniformity of seedlings and strong seedlings, more tillers and sufficient effective panicles, high dry matter amount of pre-anthesis stored and post-anthesis accumulated, strong culm with high value of the breaking strength of the three basal internode, and lower lodging index. In this study, 15 high-quality indica rice cultivars such as F you 498, Jingliangyou 534 and Rong 18 you 2348 were suitable for mechanized transplanting in Guizhou province. The key evaluation indicators for mechanized transplanting rice were as following: seedling rate >85%, seedling uniformity >1.5 seedlings·cm-2, lodging index < 150%, the average breaking strength of the three basal internodes > 1 500 g, grain yield >8.25 t·hm-2, effective panicles around 225×104~300×104 hm-2, spikelets per panicle >140, seed-setting rate >75%, dry matter accumulation amount at maturity > 15.0 t·hm-2, and harvest index > 0.45. The present research provided a theoretical basis for the selection and application of high-quality indica rice cultivars for mechanized transplanting.

QTL Mapping of Yield-Associated Trait in Mung Bean

CHEN Jibao

2020, 22(10):  38-48.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0517

Asbtract ( )   PDF (2636KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Agronomic traits (number of branches per plant, pod per plant, and so on) and seed traits (seed length, seed width, and so on) are closely correlated with yield of mung bean. In this study, RIL populations, constructed by hybriding between a foreign germplasm parent VC2917 and a China economic variety parent Yinggelyu, were planted for 3 a in filed to evaluate  12 yield-associated traits. The correlation analysis indicated that yield per plant had a stronger correlation with pod per plant (0.837) and weight per 100 seed (0.294), 100-seed weight had a significant correlation with seed length (0.512), seed width (0.340), seed perimeter (0.492), seed diameter (0441), and plant height had a significant correlation with number of branches per plant (0.406). QTL analysis showed that a total of 20 QTLs were detected on 10 chromosomes except the 8th chromosome in 2017 with the PVE of 4.61%~23.76%; a total of 16 QTLs were detected on 10 chromosomes except the 8th chromosome in 2018 with the PVE of 4.65%~2037%; a total of 20 QTLs were detected on 7 chromosomes except the 1st, 3th, 8th, 9th chromosome in 2019 with the PVE of 4.97%~16.66%. Stability QTLs for the 12 traits were detected in this study. Among them, six groups of QTLs were detected on the same marker interval in three years, including plant high QTLs (PH1a, PH1b and PH1c), pod per plant QTLs(PPP1a, PPP1b and PPP1c), pod length QTLs (PL4a, PL4b and PL4c.1), seed diameter QTLs (SD10a, SD10b and SD10c), seed perimeter QTLs (SP6a, SP6b and SP6c) and weight per 100 seed QTLs (HSW7a, HSW7b and HSW7c). Molecular marker assisting for mung bean high yield breeding can be developed in these regions, or genes related to these traits could be cloned in these regions in future.

Comprehensive Evaluation and Physiological Mechanism of Drought Resistance of Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz Germplasm Resources

LI Jichao, ZHANG Jinyu, YANG Tianmei, YANG Meiquan, YANG Weize, XU Zongliang, ZUO Yingmei*

2020, 22(10):  49-59.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0477

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1322KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Moisture is an important cause of limiting the seed dormancy germination and resource distribution of P. polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz. This paper took the seeds from 6 provenances areas of Yunnan province as test materials, set up moisture content 10% (normal treatment, CK) and 3% (water stress treatment, T), and measured the physiological activities of soluble protein(SP), malondialdehyde(MDA), catalase(CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in seeds at 10,30 and 60 d after treatments, then evaluated comprehensively the drought resistance of resources and screened the physiological indexes of drought resistance. The results showed that: with the prolongation of stress time, the SP decreased first and then recovered, while the activitives of SOD and CAT increased first and then decreased, and MDA and POD showed a decreasing trend. CAT activity was the most sensitive to water stress, and there was a significant difference between water stress treatment and CK at 60 d (P<0.01). 10 d after water stress treatment, SOD and MDA showed a significant response to water stress (P<0.01). All indexes were significantly affected at 30 d, especially SOD and POD (P<0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between SP and SOD, POD (P<0.05). The variation coefficient among the germplasm resources of P. polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz was large and the sensitivity of different germplasm materials to drought stress was different. The comprehensive analysis showed that the Shizong, Heqing and Shilin had stronger drought resistance, while that of Gengma was the weakest, which could provide theoretical basis for further drought-resistant genotype selection of varieties. The results of screening the physiological indexes of drought resistancewere consistent in different methods, and CAT, SOD and MDA could be used as physiological indexes for drought resistance identification.

Study on Changes of Pigment Content in Flue-cured Tobacco at Different Maturity Stage and Its Relationship with Chloroplast Ultrastructure

ZHENG Xiaoyu1, LI Changjun2, LU Xiaochong1, WANG Gang3, ZHAO Junjie2, LI Yunping2, PENG Jiuhua2, YANG Chao1,2*

2020, 22(10):  60-68.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0605

Asbtract ( )   PDF (7362KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to clarify the change of pigment content and its relationship with chloroplast ultrastructure in the process of flue-cured tobacco ripening, three flue-cured tobacco varieties were used as experimental materials to measure the SPAD value of chlorophyll in vivo, the content of chlorophyll and the activity of chlorophyllase in the unripe, ripe and overripe middle leaves, and the ultrastructure of chloroplast was observed and analyzed. The results showed that the content of chlorophyll, the SPAD value of chlorophyll and the activity of chlorophyllase in the middle leaves of three flue-cured tobacco varieties decreased with the extension of maturity period. With the increase of maturity level, the structure of chloroplast changed from integrity to rupture, starch granules and eosinophil granules increased, the volume increased, the lamellar layer of basal granules changed from compact to loose, the structure was disordered and twisted, the boundary between the lamellar layer of matrix and the lamellar layer of basal granules also decreased significantly, starch granules and eosinophilic granules dissociated towards the middle of cell, and the membrane of chloroplast was damaged step by step. Correlation analysis showed that there was a strong correlation between pigment content and chloroplast ultrastructure in the middle leaf of flue-cured tobacco. This made it possible to determine maturity level from pigment and SPAD value, thus it was betterly understood the maturity of tobacco leaves, so as to harvest them in  optimal harvest period.

Adk1 Overexpression and Sodium Citrate Feeding Enhanced S-adenosylmethionine Synthesis in Yeast

CHEN Hailong1, JIANG Lihua1, CHEN Shuai1, ZHANG Xiaoge1, ZHU Nianqing1, WEI Pinghe1*, ZHOU Changlin2

2020, 22(10):  69-76.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0567

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1511KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a physiological active substance involved in a range of biochemical reactions of all living organisms, the intracellular level of ATP is one of the factors that restrict the synthesis of SAM in yeast. This study cloned and overexpressed the Adk1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae CGMCC 2842. The results showed that the overexpression of Adk1 gene increased  intracellular  ATP  level  by 47.1% and SAM accumulation by 47%. When 6 g·L-1 sodium citrate feeding was investigated at 16 h after inoculation, the level of isocitrate dehydrogenase gene mRNA and IDH activity efficiently increased, which improved the intracellular level of ATP by 39.4% at 24 h. Compared with CK, the SAM accumulation and biomass yield were improved by 79% and 78.8%, respectively. Above results indicated the increase of intracellular ATP levels promoted the transformation of Met into SAM, which provided a strong theoretical basis for the regulation of ATP metabolism and the improvement of SAM synthesis.

Sensing Mechanism of Receptor TlpA1 to Succinic Acid in Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571

SUI Fu1,2, LIU Xiaolin1,2, XIE Zhihong1,3*

2020, 22(10):  77-84.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0308

Asbtract ( )   PDF (6149KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Chemotaxis plays an important role in the initial stage of symbiosis between rhizobium and host. TlpA1 is an important transmembrane chemoreceptor in A. caulinodans ORS571, but its sensing mechanism is not clear. To study the mechanism of the interaction between receptor protein TlpA1 and chemotaxin, and the biological function of TlpA1 in A.caulinodans ORS571. The N-terminal expression plasmid was constructed by the blunt end ligation, and the target protein was expressed and purified in Escherichia coli. The interaction between protein and chemotaxin was detected by isothermal titration calorimetry. The phenotypes, such as biofilm formation and cell flocculation, were investigated. The results showed that the receptor protein TlpA1 bound to succinic acid through its extracellular part (29～183 amino acids). Under the condition of nitrogen fixation, the biofilm formation of ΔTlpA1 mutant decreased about 38% compared with wild type. And there was no significant difference in flocculation between the ΔTlpA1 mutant and wild type. The transmembrane chemoreceptors TlpA1 could regulate the biofilm formation of A. caulinodans ORS571 by sensing of succinic acid, but could not regulate the flocculation of A. caulinodans ORS571.

Design and Parameter Optimization of Crank Slide Vibrating Screen of Seedling Mud Treatment Device

KANG Jiaxin1, LIU Dawei1, LI Xu1*, XIE Fangping1, HUANG Min2, ZHENG Huabin2

2020, 22(10):  85-92.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0661

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1730KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In view of the problem of stone remaining on the  surface of the vibrating screen of the seedling raising mud treatment device, the movement state of the stone on the screen surface was studied. Based on the theoretical analysis of rocks, the relationship between the movement state of rocks and the different parameters of shale shaker was obtained. Taking the angle of guide rail, crank speed and crank length as the influencing factors, and the rockfall rate as the evaluation indexes, this paper carried out joint simulation by RecurDyn and edem, analyzed the influence of the change of different influencing factors on the rockfall rate, and established the different influencing factors and rockfall rates. According to the simulation results, the rockfall rate of the shale shaker was the best when the angle of the guide rail was 30°, the crank speed was 120 r·min-1 and the crank length was 0.16 m. The validity of the optimal parameters obtained by simulation was verified by physical prototype test. This study provided a reference for further study of the crank slider shale shaker.

Prediction of Apple Initial Flowering Period Based on Machine Learning

ZHANG Xingwei, CHEN Chao*, TIAN Shan, FU Lin

2020, 22(10):  93-100.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0186

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1689KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

The early and late of theflowering period is the cumulative effect of meteorological factors on fruit trees during growth. Dormancy of winter fruit tree is a process that requires cooling to heat, so this paper studied the effect of meteorological factors on the flowering period of apple trees and predicted the initial flowering period. Based on the phenological data of apples and the meteorological data in Ji County, Shanxi Province,  the effects of meteorological factors such as air temperature, humidity, ground temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours on the flowering period were determined to establish a prediction model for the initial flowering period of apple fruit trees at the three periods of whether frost damage occurs, whether it can overwinter normally, and heat and moisture requirements. by multiple linear regression methods and combined methods. The results showed that the coefficient of determination of the predicted value and the true value in three different time periods were 0.59, 0.71 and 0.48, respectively. Due to the different length of analysis days, the model based on the period of whether normally overwinter was the best with the coefficient of determination was 0.71, and the analysis with shortest days had the smallest coefficient of determination for the time of heat and moisture requirements, which indicated that the selection of analysis days should not be too small. The coefficient of determination of the combined method model was 0.78, which was a certain improvement over the 0.71 model based on whether it can overwinter normally. At the same time, the forecasting model could complete the accurate forecast of at least 24 d in advance on March 15.

Effects of Spraying Parameters of Plant Protection Unmanned Aerial Vehicle on Deposition Distribution of Droplets in Pitaya Canopy

WANG Bingjie1, PAN Bo1, JIANG Lei1, LIN Yong1*, ZHAO Shuai2, MO Yuxing2

2020, 22(10):  101-109.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0234

Asbtract ( )   PDF (2428KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

To explore the effects of operating parameters of multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) on droplet deposition distribution in pitaya canopy, the P20 multi-rotor electric plant protection UAV was used to carry out spray test on pitaya trees. The main operating parameters (flight height, flight speed and flight route direction) were optimized by orthogonal test. The results indicated that, when the flight route was parallel to the planting line with flight height 1.5 m (height from the top of the canopy) and flight speed 1.5 m·s-1, the droplet deposition density and coverage rate in each canopy of pitaya trees both reached peaks. The results of range analysis showed that, flight speed was the most important factor affecting the droplet deposition density and the droplet coverage in the upper layer of pitaya canopy, and flight height was the most important factor affecting the droplet coverage in the middle and lower layers of pitaya canopy as well as the droplet deposition uniformity. The droplet deposition uniformity measured the best when the flight height was 1.5 m. According to the deposition distribution of droplets in pitaya canopy, the operating parameters of P20 multi-rotor electric plant protection UAV were optimized, which provided reference for improving the effective deposition distribution of spray droplets in the canopy of pitaya trees, and realizing the efficient application of the selected type of plant protection UAV in the prevention and control of diseases and pest of pitaya.

Design and Experiment on Chopping System of Forage Ramie Harvester

YANG Anming1, WU Mingliang1,2*, LYU Jiangnan3, XIANG Wei3

2020, 22(10):  110-118.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0597

Asbtract ( )   PDF (2859KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to solve the problem that the standard forage grass length rate can not meet the national standard due to the ramie fiber winding the chopping system and the uneven feeding length, a chopping system of forage ramie harvester with adaptive feeding gap was designed, which was composed of feeding press roll parts and chopping parts. The feeding press roll parts of the chopping system adopted floating press roll to realize the self-adaptive adjustment of feeding gap with the change of feeding amount. The forage ramie was chopped by a high-speed flat hob chopper (moving knife) under the clamping and pushing action of the feeding press roll parts. The main influencing factors of standard grass length rate were the rotate speed of feeding press roll, the rotate speed of chopper and the gap between moving knife and stationary knife. The performance test-bed of the chopping system was designed, and the orthogonal combination test of multiple factor quadratic rotation was carried out. The experimental results showed that the optimal combination of working parameters of chopping system was the rotate speed of feeding press roll 159.16 r·min-1, the rotate speed of chopper 848.11 r·min-1, the gap between moving knife and stationary knife 0.65 mm. The standard grass length rates of the optimized model and validation test were 93.18% and 92.96%, respectively, and the relative deviation between them was 0.24%, which met the requirements of forage ramie harvester.

Evaluation of Resistance Levels of Botrytis cinerea to Different Fungicides in Eastern Helan Mountain

JIANG Caige1, SONG Shuang1, LI Qian2, WANG Guozhen1, ZHANG Yi1*, GUAN Xiaoyan3

2020, 22(10):  119-128.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0638

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1070KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to understand the current situation of resistance of Botrytis cinerea in eastern Helan mountain to 8 kinds of fungicides used in production, the spore germination method was used to detect the resistance of Botrytis cinerea on the main grape varieties, such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay,  Red Globe, Zana and Daqing, in Ningxia state farm, Qingtongxia city and along the mountain of Helan. The results showed that: ① from the level of fungicide, the EC50 value of the tested strains was 0.184 6 μg·mL-1, with the strongest sensitivity to fluazinam; the EC50 value of the tested strains to boscalid and fludioxonil was lower than 49.205 7 μg·mL-1; and the strains of Botrytis cinerea showed the strongest resistance to carbendazim and SYP-Z048, with EC50 values up to 36 760.563 6 and 248.055 4 μg·mL-1, respectively. ② from different areas, the spore germination inhibition rate of Botrytis cinerea in Qingtongxia was 61.29% on average, which was sensitive to fungicides; the next was along the Helan Mountain, which was 60.76% on average; the average of Ningxia Agricultural Reclamation was 56.35%. ③ from the perspective of different varieties, the fresh grape varieties were generally better, and the spore germination inhibition rate of Botrytis cinerea was 71.40% on average, which was more sensitive to fungicides; while the spore germination inhibition rate of Botrytis cinerea on wine grape varieties was 4688% on average, which was more resistant to fungicides. In different production areas, the different resistant fungicides could be used alternately according to the occurrence of diseases, meteorological conditions and environmental factors. And concurrently the concentration of fungicides could be adjusted appropriately to achieve the purpose of high-efficiency utilization and delay the emergence of resistance of pathogens.

Anti-disease Effect and Mechanism of Y-S-Y12 Strain Fermentation Mixed with Biomass Pyrolysis Solution on Pepper Anthracnose

WANG Wei, LI Yong, WANG Wei, BIAN Xue, LI Xiying*

2020, 22(10):  129-138.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0713

Asbtract ( )   PDF (3165KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to investigate the synergistic control effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Y-S-Y12 strain fermentation and biomass pyrolysis solution on pepper anthracnose and its mechanism, the antibacterial effect of different concentrations of biomass pyrolysis liquid, fermentation liquid of antagonistic bacteria Y-S-Y12 strain and its mixture solution on pepper anthracnose were detected, the toxicity equation was calculated, and the optimum ratio of two solutions was obtained by mixing them according to EC50 value. The control effect of Y-S-Y12 strain on pepper anthracnose fruit was tested by in vivo test. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and hydrogen peroxidase (CAT) in leaves were determined, and the effects of various agents on cell membrane permeability, physiological metabolism and hypha morphology of pepper anthracnose pathogen hypha were explored. The results showed that the mixture of Y-S-Y12 strain fermentation and biomass pyrolysis liquid at a ratio of 1∶9 had obvious synergistic effect;  the control effect of mixed preparation was significantly higher than that of single preparation, with the control effect reaching 79.62%, further indicating that mixed preparation had synergistic effect. The activities of protease, chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase in the hyphae of pepper anthracnose  treated with mixed agent were significantly higher than those of the control and single agent treatments, resulting in the increasing of electroconductivity, protein and nucleic acid content in culture medium. In addition, the activities of SOD, POD and CAT in pepper leaves treated with the mixed agent were significantly higher than those of control and single agent treatments, which indicated that the disease resistance of pepper plants was enhanced. To sum up, the mixture of Y-S-Y12 strain fermentation liquid and biomass pyrolysis liquid had synergistic disease prevention effect on pepper anthracnose, probably because Y-S-Y12 strain had the effect of destroying the hypha of pepper anthracnose and inducing the disease resistance of pepper plants. The present research provided theoretical basis for pollution-free control of pepper anthracnose.

Effect of Seeding Rate+ Fertilization Amount on the Growth, Yield and Harvest Index of Flax Under Water Stress

CHEN Jun1, YE Chunlei1, LI Jinjing1, LUO Junjie1*, YAN Xingchu2*, WANG Wei 1, WANG Lei2

2020, 22(10):  139-148.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0474

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1611KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Taking Longya 13 as the material, this paper investigated the effects of synergetic effect of seeding rate + fertilization amount under water stress on the growth, yield and harvest index (HI) of flax. Through correlation analysis, the influence characteristics of different water environment in irrigated/ arid areas on the flax key character factors were revealed, such as yield composition and HI. The results showed that: water stress affected the formation of yield components in irrigation and arid areas, and adapted to extreme environment at the expense of changing the growth and development index of flax. The positive and negative correlations were different between yield and yield components in irrigation and arid regions, and the positive effect factors of flax yield composition were decreased and negative effect factors were increased. Under the same water condition, the synergistic effect of seeding amount and fertilization amount had limited improvement on the yield of flax, and the influence of HI in the arid areas was more prominent than the water stress in irrigation area. The 1 000-grain weight and plant height in the irrigation area played a leading role in promoting yield, and there was no regression analysis in the arid area. The number of grains per plant and the number of fruits per plant in the irrigation area inhibited HI, but 1 000-grain weight promoted. The number of fruits per plant in the arid area was the dominant inhibitory factor for HI. The results indicated that water stress had different focuses on the main effect factors of growth and yield formation in the irrigation and arid area.

Microbiome Composition in Rhizosphere and bulk Soil of Calciphilous Plant Primulina tabacum

SU Di, BAO Enyu, WANG Jin

2020, 22(10):  149-156.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0522

Asbtract ( )   PDF (3857KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to analyze the rhizosphere microbiome of karst calciphilous plant Primulina tabacum, this paper compared the differences of microbiome between Primulina tabacum’s rhizosphere/bulk soil, analyzed the relationship between rhizosphere/bulk soil’s microorganisms and soil’s content of soluble calcium at the same time, aimed to provide new information for calciphilous mechanism of Primulina tabacum’s root system. High-throughput sequencing 16 s rRNA V4 and ITS1 sequence were used to comparatively analyze the structural differences of rhizosphere/bulk soil microbiome of calciphilous plant Primulina tabacum, and CCA and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to analyze the relationship between the soil’s content of soluble calcium and Primulina tabacum’s rhizosphere/bulk soil microbiome. The results showed that: Primulina tabacum’s rhizosphere soil microbiome contained 41 bacteriophytas and 6 eumycotas, and those dominant ascomycotas among bacteria were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria, which occupied more than 64% of the total. Main fungus were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Zygomycota, which occupied more than 99% of the total. Compared with bulk soil, the abundance of Acidobacteria flora increased significantly in rhizosphere soil, while the abundance of Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes decreased markedly, and the growth was restrained. Both Primulina tabacum’s rhizosphere and bulk soil microbiome were very abundant, which contained 569 genera of bacteria and 276 genera of fungi. The Shannon, Chao1 and ACE’s α- diversity index of Primulina tabacum’s rhizosphere bacterias were significantly higher than that of bulk soil, which showed Primulina tabacum’s rhizosphere bacteria flora species numbers higher than that of bulk soil, and that Primulina tabacum’s rhizosphere fungal PD whole tree index was significantly lower than bulk soil, showed that group feature of bacterias flora in Primulina tabacum’s rhizosphere was lower than bulk soil. Soil’s soluble calcium explained only 16.93% of microbiome structure, and Monte Carlo permutation test showed that the soil soluble calcium was not remarkably correlative with the species distribution. Further analysis found that only Hydrogenedentes was remarkably correlative with soluble calcium. The differences of microbiome between Primulina tabacum’s rhizosphere soil and bulk soil were significant, and the correlation to soil’s soluble calcium was limited. The composition of Primulina tabacum’s rhizosphere microbiome species was abundant, and Primulina tabacum’s root was advantageous to the rhizosphere bacteria’s community diversity.

Effects of Environmetal Factors Such as Surface Cover on Soil Organic Nitrogen Composition in Northwestern District of Guizhou

LI Yangzheng, LI Lan, WANG Xiaoer, CAO Xi, PENG Jianyu, XUE Xiaohui, YOU Ping

2020, 22(10):  157-166.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.1026

Asbtract ( )   PDF (2049KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to figure out the effects of surface cover on soil organic nitrogen composition, this paper selected four soil samples with different surface vegetations in Qixingguan district, Bijie city, Guizhou, including dry-farmland (YJ), woodland (LT), grassland (YH), and abondoned-land (CJ). Their indexes of total nitrogen (TN) and acidolysable total N (ATN) composition were detected and analyzed. The results showed that: ① Two factor analysis of variance indicated that vegetation cover had a significant effect on the contents of soil TN and non-acidolysable N (NAN). However, soil depth had a non-significant effect on ATN. The order of TN values was YJ (1.421 g·kg-1)>LT (1.274 g·kg-1)>YH (0.972 g·kg-1)>CJ (0.859 g·kg-1). ② There was a significant correlation between soil TN and NAN in four sample sits, which was related to the lack of accumulated temperature in the study area, leading to the slow humification process, and the original nitrogen-containing substances such as carbohydrates constituting the main components of NAN. Even though the TA distribution of YH was abnormal, the ATN still decreased with the deepening of soil levels, which suggested that the vertical distribution had certain commonness, and there was limited effect by the environment factors such as surface cover. ③ The order of ATN composition was amino acid N (0.322 g·kg-1)> ammonia N (0.214 g·kg-1) >unknown N (0.180 g·kg-1) > amino sugar N (0.117 g·kg-1). Variance analysis sugested that the effect of surface cover on ammonia N was significant; however, the effect of soil depth on all ATN composition was not significant. ④ The mean of amino sugar N in YJ sample site was 0.026 g·kg-1, which was related to the toxic effect of pesticide application on microorganisms, thus reducing the biological supply of sugar nitrogen. The present research revealed the influence of environmental conditions such as surface cover on soil organic nitrogen components, which could provide theoretical reference for improving soil nitrogen study in Northwest Guizhou.

Evaluation of Nutritional Components of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. in Salinized Gradient Soils

FENG Lei1,2, LI Xue3, XU Wanli1*, TANG Guangmu1, SUN Ningchuan1, GU Meiying4

2020, 22(10):  167-174.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0255

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1725KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

To reveal the effect of different salinization gradient on the quality of Lycium ruthenicum, the grey multi-dimensional comprehensive membership function was used to evaluate the natural active substances, trace elements and amino acids differences between different salinized soil cultivation types (T1, 0.11%~0.20%, T2, 0.72%~098% and T3, 1.10%~2.20%) and wild types (T4, 0.96%) of L. ruthenicum. The results showed that the highest contents of reducing sugar and transformed sugar in T2 were 317.8 g·kg-1 and 309.5  g·kg-1, which were 1.55 and 1.59 times higher than those of T4, respectively. The total contents of Mn, Zn and free amino acids in cultivated fruits at T1 were the highest, which were 9.55 mg·kg-1, 23.70 mg·kg-1 and 9.61 mg·kg-1, respectively, and 1.39, 3.27, 2.38 times higher than those of T4. Grey multidimensional comprehensive membership evaluation method showed that the highest score of fruit quality was 1.47 under T2 treatment, while the wild type T4 was 1.03. To sum up, the optimization of salinized soil components could enhance the degree of nutrient accumulation of L. ruthenicum. The results provided a reference for revealing the mechanism of the interaction between the two systems and the metabolic pathway of halophytes.

Effect of Different Water Content in Soil on Growth and Four Water-soluble Active Components of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge

LIU Xiaolei1, GAO Ming2

2020, 22(10):  175-180.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0281

Asbtract ( )   PDF (1234KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to reveal the best water content of soil and harvest period, the differences of water-soluble active components in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge under different water contents of soil and during different growth periods were compared. The pot experiments were selected to simulate different water contents of soil. Three soil water treatments, including 75% of field water capacity (θf), 55% of θf and 35% of θf were set up, the growth indexes and four water-soluble active components contents in roots of S. miltiorrhiza were investigated. The results showed that the stem height and leaf length of S. miltiorrhiza increased with the increasing of relative water content in soil. The maximum levels of Danshensu, caffeic acid, rosmarinci acid and salvianolic acid B in roots of S. miltiorrhiza all occurred in late June and another smaller peak of them happened in September. Before September, Danshensu content was extremely significant higher in treatment of 55% θf than that of another two treatments (P<0.01); moreover, salvianolic acid B content of 75% θf treatment was the highest  among three treatments. However after September, the contents of Danshensu and salvianolic acid B of 35% θf treatment was extremely significant higher than those of other treatments (P<0.01). During the whole tested period, caffeic acid content of 55% θf treatment was extremely significant higher than those of other treatments (P<0.01), and rosmarinci acid content of 75% θf treatment was the most highest  among  three treatments. In total, the best harvest period of S. miltiorrhiza roots was in late June. The proper dought of soil was more available for the accumulation of Danshensu and caffeic acid; however, the moist soil  was benefit for the accumulation of rosmarinci acid and salvianolic acid B. The demand for soil water of four water-soluble active components accumulations as sorting: Danshensu< caffeic acid< Salvianolic acid B< rosmarinci acid. The present research provided a base foundation for the normalize cultivation of S. miltiorrhiza in dry areas such as Ningxia Autonomous Region.

Micropropagation of Dendrobium nobile Seedlings Using Temporary Immersion Bioreactor System

ZHANG Jie1, HU Yanhua2, ZHANG Benhou2*, CHEN Jishuang3*

2020, 22(10):  181-187.  DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.0914

Asbtract ( )   PDF (3704KB) ( )  

Related Articles | Metrics

Taking the protocorm of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. as material, the tissue culture and rapid propagation of D. nobile were studied in the temporary immersion bioreactor. The optimum culture conditions were obtained: the immersion frequency was 5 min / 8 h, the inoculation amount was 10 g·L-1 and the sucrose concentration was 20 g·L-1. Compared with the traditional solid culture, the bioreactor culture was superior to the solid culture in the growth morphology, multiplication rate and effective components of the tissue culture seedlings, which provided a new method for the production of D. nobile seedlings with high efficiency and low cost.