不同经营规模下绿豆产业生产技术效率分析——以吉林省白城市绿豆生产为例

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0381

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2019年中央一号文件提出“要积极发展杂粮杂豆产业，建设特色农产品优势区”，对于提高我国绿豆增产潜力、拓宽农民增收渠道具有重要意义。分析了我国绿豆产业的发展现状，并使用DEA-Tobit两阶段模型，基于吉林省白城市233户农户绿豆种植微观数据，分析了不同经营规模绿豆种植综合技术效率及其影响因素。结果表明，样本中综合技术效率平均值为0.49，综合技术效率与经营规模呈现“倒U型”关系；不同经营规模下综合技术效率影响因素的显著程度不同，其中小规模与中规模农户更倾向于“经验农业”的种植模式，大规模农户更倾向于“现代农业”的种植模式。基于以上结果，提出应提升绿豆生产适度规模化经营水平、适度加强机械社会化服务供给、持续加强对绿豆种植户的科技培训等政策建议。

关键词: 不同经营规模, 技术效率, 影响因素, 绿豆种植户

Abstract:

In 2019， the Central No.1 Document proposed to actively develop the miscellaneous grain and miscellaneous bean industry， vigorously develop the mung bean industry with obvious regional characteristics， which is of great significance for improving the potential of mung bean production， establishing the advantages of characteristic agricultural products， and broadening the channels for farmers to increase income. This study analyzed the status of mung bean industry in China， and then analyzed the comprehensive technical efficiency and its influencing factors of mung bean under different operation scales based on the micro-data of mung bean planting of 233 farmers in Baicheng City of Jilin Province by using the DEA-Tobit two-stage model. The results showed that the average value of comprehensive technical efficiency in the samples was 0.49， and the relationship between comprehensive technical efficiency and operation scale was “inverted U-shaped”. The significant degree of influencing factors of comprehensive technical efficiency varied under different operation scales. Among them， small-scale and medium-scale farmers were more inclined “empirical agriculture” planting mode， while large-scale farmers were more inclined “modern agriculture” planting mode. Based on the above results， some policy suggestions were put forward， such as improving moderate scale management level of mung bean production， moderately strengthening socialized service supply of machinery， and continuously strengthening science and technology training for mung bean farmers.

Key words: different cultivating scale, technical efficiency, influence factor, mung bean farmer

中图分类号:

S522

麻吉亮, 张蕙杰, 李宁辉, 岳慧丽. 不同经营规模下绿豆产业生产技术效率分析——以吉林省白城市绿豆生产为例[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(8): 9-17.

Jiliang MA, Huijie ZHANG, Ninghui LI, Huili YUE. Analysis on Production Technical Efficiency of Mung Bean Industry Under Different Cultivating Scales —Taking Mung Bean Production in Baicheng of Jilin Province as an Example[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(8): 9-17.

图/表 7

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指标 Index	第1主成分 First principal component	第2主成分 Second principal component	第3主成分 Third principal component
绿豆种植面积 Mung bean planting area	0.506	-0.391	-0.302
绿豆种植物质投入 Substance input for mung bean planting	0.498	-0.025	-0.025
绿豆种植劳动力投入 Labor input for mung bean planting	0.506	-0.391	-0.391
农户绿豆种植收益 Farmers’ income for mung bean planting	0.490	0.833	0.833

指标 Index	第1主成分 First principal component	第2主成分 Second principal component	第3主成分 Third principal component
绿豆种植面积 Mung bean planting area	0.506	-0.391	-0.302
绿豆种植物质投入 Substance input for mung bean planting	0.498	-0.025	-0.025
绿豆种植劳动力投入 Labor input for mung bean planting	0.506	-0.391	-0.391
农户绿豆种植收益 Farmers’ income for mung bean planting	0.490	0.833	0.833

变量名称 Variable name	变量说明 Variable descriptions	平均值 Average value	标准差 Standard deviation	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum
y：绿豆产量 Mung bean yield	年底绿豆产量 Mung bean yield at the end of the year/kg	2 942.19	4 645.02	100.00	52 000.00
x₁：土地 Land	绿豆播种面积 Mung bean sowing area/ hm²	2.73	3.36	0.13	26.00
x₂：劳动 Labor	自有和雇佣劳动力投入 Owned and employed labor input/d	120.92	148.47	5.90	1 150.50
x₃：种子 Seed	绿豆种子投入/元 Mung bean seeds input/yuan	448.38	777.35	0.00	6 240.00
x₄：农药 Pesticide	防治病虫害、除草剂等投入/元 Mung bean seeds input/yuan	2 331.32	2 799.14	70.00	20 000.00
x₅：化肥 Fertilizer	化肥总投入/元 Total fertilizer input/yuan	891.10	1 171.24	40.00	8 000.00
x₆：机械 Mechanie	雇佣机械或自用燃油费用投入/元 Hire machinery or self-use fuel cost input/yuan	1 970.41	2 874.82	50.00	25 600.00

变量名称 Variable name	变量说明 Variable descriptions	平均值 Average value	标准差 Standard deviation	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum
y：绿豆产量 Mung bean yield	年底绿豆产量 Mung bean yield at the end of the year/kg	2 942.19	4 645.02	100.00	52 000.00
x₁：土地 Land	绿豆播种面积 Mung bean sowing area/ hm²	2.73	3.36	0.13	26.00
x₂：劳动 Labor	自有和雇佣劳动力投入 Owned and employed labor input/d	120.92	148.47	5.90	1 150.50
x₃：种子 Seed	绿豆种子投入/元 Mung bean seeds input/yuan	448.38	777.35	0.00	6 240.00
x₄：农药 Pesticide	防治病虫害、除草剂等投入/元 Mung bean seeds input/yuan	2 331.32	2 799.14	70.00	20 000.00
x₅：化肥 Fertilizer	化肥总投入/元 Total fertilizer input/yuan	891.10	1 171.24	40.00	8 000.00
x₆：机械 Mechanie	雇佣机械或自用燃油费用投入/元 Hire machinery or self-use fuel cost input/yuan	1 970.41	2 874.82	50.00	25 600.00

规模类别 Scale category	样本数量 Sample size	样本平均规模 Average sample size/hm²	综合技术效率 Comprehensive technical efficiency	纯技术效率 Pure technology efficiency	规模效率 Efficiency of scale
小规模 Small-scale	92	0.79	0.48	0.67	0.72
中规模 Medium-scale	59	1.83	0.53	0.62	0.87
大规模 Massive	82	5.56	0.47	0.56	0.89
全样本 Full sample	233	2.73	0.49	0.62	0.82