基料添加艾草秸秆对平菇生长及品质的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0765

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为促进秸秆的资源化利用，通过装袋栽培法，设100%稻草（CK1）、100%玉米秸秆（CK2）、100%艾草秸秆（CK3）、稻草60%+玉米秸秆20%+艾草秸秆20%（T1）、稻草20%+玉米秸秆60%+艾草秸秆20%（T2）、稻草20%+玉米秸秆20%+艾草秸秆60%（T3）、33%稻草+33%玉米秸秆+33%艾草秸秆（T4）共7个处理，研究稻草、玉米秸秆和艾草秸秆的基料化利用对平菇生长及品质的影响。结果表明，100%稻草（CK1）或100%玉米秸秆（CK2）处理限制平菇菌丝体生长，现蕾出菇所需时间较长，平菇生物量和生物学效率均最低，而3种秸秆混合基料则有利于提升菌丝生长速度和生物学效率，且生物量较CK1和CK2分别增加112%~188%和38.9%~88.9%；适量（20%、33%）添加艾草秸秆较单一艾草秸秆处理（CK3）平菇可溶性蛋白含量增加32.2%~52.9%，异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸和总酚含量有所提升；混合基料各处理（T1~T4）可一定程度增加平菇多酚氧化酶活性，还原糖含量较CK1、CK2和CK3处理分别提升10.0%~103.3%、26.9%~134.6%和32.0%~144.0%。综上可知，3种秸秆的混合基料可用于平菇栽培，适量添加艾草秸秆有利于改善平菇品质。研究结果可为秸秆资源的综合利用提供理论支撑。

关键词: 秸秆, 栽培基质, 平菇, 生长, 品质

Abstract:

To improve the resource utilization of straws， an experiment was conducted with rice straw， corn stalk and Artemisia argyi straw， in which the growth and quality of pleurotus ostreatus was investigated. In this research， 7 different substrate combinations were compared， including 100% rice straw （CK1）， 100% corn stalk （CK2）， 100% Artemisia argyi straw （CK3），60% rice straw +20% corn stalk +20% Artemisia argyi straw （T1）、20% rice straw +60% corn stalk +20% Artemisia argyi straw （T2）， 20% rice straw +20% corn stalk +60% Artemisia argyi straw （T3） and 33% rice straw +33% corn stalk +33% Artemisia argyi straw （T4）. The results showed that the growth of mycelium was limited under 100% rice straw（CK1） or 100% corn stalk （CK2）treatment and it required more time for budding， which resulted in the lowest yields and bioconversion efficiencies under both of these two treatments. In contrast， the mixed treatments （T1~T4） improved the average growth rate of mycelium and the bioconversion efficiency， and the yield was increased by 112%~188% and 38.9%~88.9% compared respectively to CK1 and CK2. Comparing with the 100% Artemisia argyi straw treatment （CK3）， the 20% or 33% Artemisia argyi straw treatment showed a certain increase in isoleucine， leucine， lysine and total phenol content and an increase by 32.2%~52.9% in soluble protein content. Compared with CK1， CK2 and CK3 treatments， the polyphenol oxidase activity increased to a certain extent， and the reducing sugar content increased by 10.0%~103.3%， 26.9%~134.6% and 32.0%~144.0% under the mixed treatments （T1~T4）， respectively. This study suggested that the mixed substrates of these three straws were suitable for the cultivation of pleurotus ostreatus. In addition， the appropriate addition of Artemisia argyi straw was beneficial to improve pleurotus ostreatus quality. The results could provide theoretical support for the comprehensive utilization of straw resources.

Key words: straw, cultivation substrate, pleurotus ostreatus, growth, quality

中图分类号:

S646.1⁺4

饶中秀, 孙继民, 张娜, 李龙涛, 董春华, 杨曾平, 黄凤球. 基料添加艾草秸秆对平菇生长及品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(6): 208-215.

Zhongxiu RAO, Jimin SUN, Na ZHANG, Longtao LI, Chunhua DONG, Zengping YANG, Fengqiu HUANG. Impacts from Adding Artemisia argyi Straw into Substrates on Growth and Quality of Pleurotus ostreatus[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(6): 208-215.

图/表 8

表1 各处理秸秆配比

Table 1 Ratio of straw in different treatments

处理Treatment	稻草Rice straw/%	玉米秸秆Corn stalk/%	艾草秸秆Artemisia argyi straw/%	原始基料碳氮比C/N of original materials
CK1	100	—	—	44.7
CK2	—	100	—	29.2
CK3	—	—	100	81.1
T1	60	20	20	44.3
T2	20	60	20	36.7
T3	20	20	60	54.4
T4	33	33	33	44.1

表2 各处理菌丝形态及生长情况

Table 2 Mycelium morphology and growth characteristic in treatments

处理Treatment	菌丝长势Growth of mycelium	菌丝色泽Color of mycelium	菌丝生长速度Growth rate of mycelium/（cm∙d^-1）
CK1	+	+	0.362
CK2	++	++	0.352
CK3	+++++	+++++	0.821
T1	++	+++	0.466
T2	+++	+++	0.470
T3	++++	++++	0.714
T4	+++	+++	0.470

图1 各处理菌丝体生长速度

Fig. 1 Growth rate of mycelium in different treatments

图2 不同秸秆配比处理出菇时间

Fig. 2 Fruiting time of Pleurotus ostreatus under different ratio of straws

表3 平菇生物量及其生物学效率

Table 3 Biomass and biological efficiency of Pleurotus ostreatus

处理Treatment	各处理总生物量Total biomass in treatments/g	生物学效率The biological efficiency/%
CK1	821.4 d	12.07 e
CK2	1 255.3 c	12.95 d
CK3	1 909.4 ab	19.09 c
T1	1 743.0 b	17.55 c
T2	2 370.6 a	23.71 a
T3	2 108.0 ab	22.81 a
T4	1 926.5 ab	20.98 b

图3 各处理平菇可溶性蛋白及还原糖含量注：同一指标中不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 3 Content of soluble protein and reducing sugar in different treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters in same index indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level．

图4 各处理异亮氨酸、亮氨酸及赖氨酸含量注：同一指标中不同小写字母表示处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 4 Contents of isoleucine， leucine and lysine in treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters in same index indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level．

图5 各处理平菇总酚和多酚氧化酶活性注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 5 Total phenol and polyphenol oxidase activity of Pleurotus ostreatus in treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level．

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