绿肥模式下减量施氮对烤烟产量与品质的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0808

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确植烟区光叶紫花苕子（Vicia villosa Roth var. glabrescens）用作绿肥模式下烤烟的适宜氮肥施用量，开展田间定位试验，设置冬闲（F）和冬种绿肥（G）种植模式，并分别设置施用0（N0）、55%（N55）、70%（N70）、85%（N85）和100%（N100）氮肥，共计10个处理。研究绿肥模式下不同施氮水平对烟草农艺性状、烤烟产量和品质的影响。结果表明，与冬闲相比，冬种绿肥可显著提升烟草农艺性状；其中N55、N70、N85处理显著提升了烟草株高、有效叶数，N85处理烟草的株高提升了7%；N55和N70处理烟草的有效叶数分别增加了15%及13%。相比冬闲，冬种绿肥显著增加烤烟产值、烤烟均价、中上等烟比例、上等烟比例和烤烟产量；其中，N70施肥处理的中上等烟比例、烤烟均价及烤烟产值均最高，较冬闲100%施肥处理显著增加了18.3%、14.9%和11.2%；且N70处理烤烟的化学品质有较大改善，总氮含量显著增加，糖碱比显著降低，钾氯比提高。综上所述，冬种绿肥并配施70%的氮肥可有效提升烟草农艺性状，从而实现烤烟产值最大化，改善烤烟品质，为云南烟区节肥、增效、可持续生产提供科学依据和技术支撑。

关键词: 绿肥, 氮肥用量, 烤烟, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

In order to clear the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco when smooth vetch （Vicia villosa Roth var. glabrescens） was as a green manure， the field experiment was conducted. Two cultivated models were set including fallow （F） and green manure （G） in winter， and five amounts of nitrogen fertilizer were set including 0 （N0）， 55% （N55）， 70% （N70）， 85% （N85） and 100% （N100）. The effects of green manure combined with different nitrogen levels on the agronomic characteristics， yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed. The results showed that， compared with F model， the application of G model could significantly improve the agronomic characteristics of tobacco leaves. Under G model， the plant height and effective leaf number of N55， N70 and N85 treatments were significantly increased， the tobacco plant height of N85 treatment increased by 7%； the number of effective tobacco leaves in N55 and N70 treatments increased by 15% and 13%， respectively. Compared with F model， G model significantly increased the output value of flue-cured tobacco， the average price of flue-cured tobacco， the proportion of high-quality tobacco， the proportion of high-quality tobacco， and the yield of flue-cured tobacco. Especially， the N70 treatment of G model had the highest proportion of medium and high-grade tobacco， average price of flue-cured tobacco， and output value of flue-cured tobacco， increased by 18.3%， 14.9% and 11.2% compared with N100 treatment of F model. The chemical quality of flue-cured tobacco under N70 treatment of G model was greatly improved， the total nitrogen content of flue-cured tobacco was significantly increased， the ratio of sugar to alkali was significantly reduced， and the ratio of potassium to chlorine was significantly increased. In summary， the green manure combined with 70% nitrogen fertilizer could effectively improve the agronomic characteristics of tobacco， maximize the output value of flue-cured tobacco， improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco， which provided scientific basis and scientific basis for fertilizer saving， efficiency increase， and sustainable production in Yunnan tobacco areas.

Key words: green manure, amount of nitrogen fertilizer, tobacco, yield, quality

中图分类号:

S572

赵文军, 杨继周, 尹梅, 陈检锋, 薛开政, 胡保文, 付利波, 王伟, 王志远, 杨艳鲜, 陈华. 绿肥模式下减量施氮对烤烟产量与品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(4): 189-196.

Wenjun ZHAO, Jizhou YANG, Mei YIN, Jianfeng CHEN, Kaizheng XUE, Baowen HU, Libo FU, Wei WANG, Zhiyuan WANG, Yanxian YANG, Hua CHEN. Effects of Combined Application of Green Manure with Reduced Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(4): 189-196.

图/表 3

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种植模式 Plant pattern	处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	茎围 Stem girth/cm	有效叶 Effective blade	最大叶面积 Maximum leaf area/cm²
G	N0	87.67±7.83 dα	10.66±0.54 aα	17.89±1.17 cα	1 005.30±205.70 aα
	N55	101.22±7.16 cα	10.39±0.67 aα	20.78±1.48 abα	1 074.35±79.99 aα
	N70	119.22±7.79 abα	10.06±0.25 aα	21.67±2.18 aα	1 087.53±130.28 aα
	N85	120.56±7.72 aα	11.17±0.17 aα	21.67±2.45 aα	979.10±112.90 aα
	N100	112.56±6.93 bα	9.62±0.83 aα	20.11±1.05 abα	844.52±220.76 aα
F	N0	89.11±7.13 cα	10.50±0.75 aα	17.67±1.50 cα	863.98±156.94 aβ
	N55	105.00±4.85 bα	9.67±1.15 aα	18.00±1.00 cα	956.65±243.06 aα
	N70	112.56±7.55 aβ	10.56±0.75 aα	19.22±1.56 bcβ	1 089.93±228.33 aα
	N85	112.78±5.72 aα	10.61±0.48 aα	20.44±0.88 aα	1 007.55±202.36 aα
	N100	113.00±7.26 aα	10.58±0.81 aα	20.33±2.29 abα	963.28±176.92 aα
F_G		13.59^**	0.16	3.36^*	0.91
F_N		0.61	1.43	3.18^*	1.32
F_G×N		3.00^*	1.52	3.48^*	2.47^*

种植模式 Plant pattern	处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	茎围 Stem girth/cm	有效叶 Effective blade	最大叶面积 Maximum leaf area/cm²
G	N0	87.67±7.83 dα	10.66±0.54 aα	17.89±1.17 cα	1 005.30±205.70 aα
	N55	101.22±7.16 cα	10.39±0.67 aα	20.78±1.48 abα	1 074.35±79.99 aα
	N70	119.22±7.79 abα	10.06±0.25 aα	21.67±2.18 aα	1 087.53±130.28 aα
	N85	120.56±7.72 aα	11.17±0.17 aα	21.67±2.45 aα	979.10±112.90 aα
	N100	112.56±6.93 bα	9.62±0.83 aα	20.11±1.05 abα	844.52±220.76 aα
F	N0	89.11±7.13 cα	10.50±0.75 aα	17.67±1.50 cα	863.98±156.94 aβ
	N55	105.00±4.85 bα	9.67±1.15 aα	18.00±1.00 cα	956.65±243.06 aα
	N70	112.56±7.55 aβ	10.56±0.75 aα	19.22±1.56 bcβ	1 089.93±228.33 aα
	N85	112.78±5.72 aα	10.61±0.48 aα	20.44±0.88 aα	1 007.55±202.36 aα
	N100	113.00±7.26 aα	10.58±0.81 aα	20.33±2.29 abα	963.28±176.92 aα
F_G		13.59^**	0.16	3.36^*	0.91
F_N		0.61	1.43	3.18^*	1.32
F_G×N		3.00^*	1.52	3.48^*	2.47^*

种植模式 Plant pattern	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield/（kg·hm^-2）	比例Proportion/%		均价/（元·kg^-1） Average price/（yuan·kg^-1）	产值/（元·hm^-2） Output value/ （yuan·hm^-2）
种植模式 Plant pattern	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield/（kg·hm^-2）	上等烟 Superior leaves	中上等烟 Mid-high grade leaves	均价/（元·kg^-1） Average price/（yuan·kg^-1）	产值/（元·hm^-2） Output value/ （yuan·hm^-2）
G	N0	1 859.19±67.21 dα	54.69±1.89 cα	88.97±4.37 aα	28.49±0.58 cα	52 976.29±10.38 dα
	N55	2 305.07±65.45 bcα	55.05±1.60 cα	87.63±5.27 aα	30.67±1.14 abα	70 655.95±7.66 bα
	N70	2 449.89±62.72 abα	58.21±0.58 abα	91.75±1.41 aα	32.04±0.83 aα	78 519.33±17.46 aα
	N85	2 219.50±160.96 cβ	60.77±2.09 aα	87.58±0.91 aα	28.66±1.22 bcα	63 658.44±27.39 cα
	N100	2 575.28±124.16 aα	55.42±1.71 bcα	85.67±4.04 aα	28.58±1.74 bcα	73 469.00±3.77 abα
F	N0	1 675.18±38.47 cβ	46.87±0.98 bβ	80.89±4.32 bcβ	28.13±0.57 aα	47 123.04±6.57 cα
	N55	2 065.71±109.24 bβ	54.31±2.02 aα	80.23±4.34 bcβ	28.95±1.22 aα	59 895.90±25.03 bβ
	N70	2 185.05±84.76 bβ	58.09±3.74 aα	89.73±2.71 aα	27.30±2.12 abβ	59 673.00±24.35 bβ
	N85	2 408.22±93.42 aα	55.16±1.71 aβ	84.73±1.50 abα	25.32±1.62 bβ	60 978.52±19.61 bα
	N100	2 532.94±78.26 aα	54.77±2.58 aα	77.53±3.08 cβ	27.88±0.57 aα	70 624.24±12.21 aα
F_G		9.84^*	15.79^**	19.87^**	21.99^**	32.83^**
F_N		56.29^**	12.75^**	5.61^*	5.04^*	28.29^**
F_G×N		5.87^*	4.33^*	1.01	3.17^*	4.51^*

种植模式 Plant pattern	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield/（kg·hm^-2）	比例Proportion/%		均价/（元·kg^-1） Average price/（yuan·kg^-1）	产值/（元·hm^-2） Output value/ （yuan·hm^-2）
种植模式 Plant pattern	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield/（kg·hm^-2）	上等烟 Superior leaves	中上等烟 Mid-high grade leaves	均价/（元·kg^-1） Average price/（yuan·kg^-1）	产值/（元·hm^-2） Output value/ （yuan·hm^-2）
G	N0	1 859.19±67.21 dα	54.69±1.89 cα	88.97±4.37 aα	28.49±0.58 cα	52 976.29±10.38 dα
	N55	2 305.07±65.45 bcα	55.05±1.60 cα	87.63±5.27 aα	30.67±1.14 abα	70 655.95±7.66 bα
	N70	2 449.89±62.72 abα	58.21±0.58 abα	91.75±1.41 aα	32.04±0.83 aα	78 519.33±17.46 aα
	N85	2 219.50±160.96 cβ	60.77±2.09 aα	87.58±0.91 aα	28.66±1.22 bcα	63 658.44±27.39 cα
	N100	2 575.28±124.16 aα	55.42±1.71 bcα	85.67±4.04 aα	28.58±1.74 bcα	73 469.00±3.77 abα
F	N0	1 675.18±38.47 cβ	46.87±0.98 bβ	80.89±4.32 bcβ	28.13±0.57 aα	47 123.04±6.57 cα
	N55	2 065.71±109.24 bβ	54.31±2.02 aα	80.23±4.34 bcβ	28.95±1.22 aα	59 895.90±25.03 bβ
	N70	2 185.05±84.76 bβ	58.09±3.74 aα	89.73±2.71 aα	27.30±2.12 abβ	59 673.00±24.35 bβ
	N85	2 408.22±93.42 aα	55.16±1.71 aβ	84.73±1.50 abα	25.32±1.62 bβ	60 978.52±19.61 bα
	N100	2 532.94±78.26 aα	54.77±2.58 aα	77.53±3.08 cβ	27.88±0.57 aα	70 624.24±12.21 aα
F_G		9.84^*	15.79^**	19.87^**	21.99^**	32.83^**
F_N		56.29^**	12.75^**	5.61^*	5.04^*	28.29^**
F_G×N		5.87^*	4.33^*	1.01	3.17^*	4.51^*

种植模式 Plant pattern	处理 Treatment	总糖 Total sugar/%	还原糖 Reduced sugar/%	烟碱 Alkaloid/%	总氮 Total nitrogen/%	总钾 Total potassium/%	氯 Chlorideion/%	糖碱比 Sugar/alkaloid	氮碱比 Nitrogen/alkaloid	两糖比 Reduced sugar/total sugar	钾氯比 Potassium/chlorine
G	N0	26.77±2.29 aα	11.90±0.61 cβ	1.34±0.05 cα	1.07±0.02 dα	1.30±0.02 cα	0.24±0.02 abα	17.00±3.46 aβ	0.93±0.03 aα	0.68±0.08 aα	5.85±0.41 bα
	N55	23.96±1.40 abβ	21.21±0.43 aα	1.70±0.09 bα	1.48±0.07 cα	1.48±0.15 cα	0.21±0.04 bcα	15.33±2.55 abα	0.86±0.04 aα	0.73±0.03 aα	7.63±0.12 abα
	N70	27.00±2.94 aα	20.49±2.56 aα	2.39±0.12 abα	1.49±0.13 cβ	1.87±0.05 abα	0.16±0.02 dα	12.64±0.11 bcβ	0.91±0.06 aα	0.68±0.05 aα	11.45±0.99 aα
	N85	18.51±1.71 cα	14.69±0.22 bα	2.55±0.14 aα	1.96±0.09 bβ	1.78±0.03 abα	0.27±0.03 aα	8.61±0.74 cα	0.89±0.02 aα	0.69±0.05 aα	8.56±1.08 abα
	N100	22.04±1.61 bcα	13.69±1.95 bcα	2.84±0.23 aα	2.20±0.04 aα	1.90±0.05 aα	0.17±0.01 cdα	8.05±0.88 cα	0.83±0.06 aα	0.69±0.06 aα	11.23±0.76 aα
F	N0	17.52±1.05 bβ	17.21±1.24 abcα	1.17±0.03 dβ	1.25±0.05 cdα	1.31±0.19 cα	0.22±0.03 aα	23.07±1.79 aα	0.92±0.02 aα	0.64±0.04 aα	6.01±1.35 bα
	N55	28.91±0.68 aα	18.15±1.67 abβ	1.64±0.05 cdα	1.45±0.13 cα	1.59±0.08 bcα	0.18±0.01 aα	15.77±1.08 bα	0.90±0.05 aα	0.76±0.03 aα	7.69±0.53 abα
	N70	30.24±2.25 aα	18.63±2.34 aα	1.78±0.06 cβ	2.17±0.09 abα	1.82±0.06 abα	0.17±0.06 aα	15.18±0.47 bα	0.84±0.05 aα	0.69±0.07 aα	11.41±1.00 aα
	N85	21.39±1.18 bα	13.78±0.60 cα	2.26±0.11 bα	2.28±0.14 abα	1.95±0.04 aα	0.23±0.03 aα	9.93±1.41 cα	0.87±0.04 aα	0.75±0.10 aα	7.62±0.61 abα
	N100	20.09±4.43 bα	15.10±2.85 bcα	2.61±0.05 aα	2.33±0.18 aα	1.83±0.09 abα	0.19±0.07 aα	9.44±0.95 cα	0.84±0.01 aα	0.68±0.08 aα	11.20±0.83 aα
F_G		0.00	0.08	9.07^*	0.44	3.23	0.78	6.61^*	48.55^**	0.17	0.13
F_N		16.89^**	16.82^**	19.05^**	4.36^*	1.33	6.37^*	9.99^**	50.59^**	1.65	5.09^*
F_G×N		10.15^**	5.59^*	2.29	0.50	4.22*	0.75	1.43	24.41^**	0.61	2.98^*