我国农业植物新品种保护现状与发展趋势分析

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0797

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物新品种保护是实施国家知识产权和科教兴农战略的重要组成部分，对保护育种者权益和促进育种创新具有重要意义。从政策法规、申请和授权、转化运用和合作交流、保护执法和技术支撑等方面阐述了我国农业植物新品种保护的进展和成效，并从立法进程、属（种）结构、区域发展和申请主体4个角度分析存在的问题，提出平衡法益、促进产学研融合、促进区域均衡发展、提升审查效率等对策和建议，为我国农业植物新品种保护和种子产业化发展提供依据。

关键词: 农业, 植物新品种, 保护, 维权, 育种

Abstract:

The protection of new plant varieties is crucial for implementing the national intellectual property strategy， which is important for protecting the rights and interests of breeders and promoting innovation in breeding. The progress and effectiveness of the protection of the new varieties of agricultural plants in China were overviewed. The various perspectives were examined， including policies and regulations， applications and authorizations， transformation and application， cooperation and exchange， protection and law enforcement， and technical support. Additionally， the existing problems were analyzed from 4 perspectives including the legislative process， genus （species） structure， regional development and application subject. And the countermeasures and suggestions were put forward， such as balancing legal interests， promoting the integration of industry， academia and research， promoting regional equilibrium， and improving examination efficiency etc， which should enhance the protection of new varieties and advance seed industrialization in China.

Key words: agriculture, new varieties of plants, protection, safeguard rights, breeding

中图分类号:

蒋国斌. 我国农业植物新品种保护现状与发展趋势分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(3): 1-11.

Guobin JIANG. Analysis of Status and Development Trend on the Protection of New Agricultural Plant Varieties in China[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(3): 1-11.

图/表 7

图1 1999—2023年我国发布的农业植物品种保护名录注：数据来源于农业农村部发展中心公告查询平台（https：//www.nybkjfzzx.cn）。

Fig. 1 List of protected agricultural plant varieties published in China from 1999 to 2023Note：The data come from the announcement query platform of the Development Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs （https：//www.nybkjfzzx.cn）.

图2 1999—2023年我国植物新品种权申请量和授权量注：数据来源于农业农村部发展中心公告查询平台（https：//www.nybkjfzzx.cn）。

Fig. 2 Application and authorization of new plant variety right in China from 1999 to 2023Note：The data come from the announcement query platform of the Development Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs （https：//www.nybkjfzzx.cn）.

表1 1999—2023年我国植物新品种权申请（≥500）植物属（种）构成

Table 1 Plant genus （species） of applications number （≥500） of new plant variety right in China from 1999 to 2023

序号 No.	植物种类 Plant species	申请量 Applications number	占比 Proportion/%	序号 No.	植物种类 Plant species	申请量 Applications number	占比 Proportion/%
1	玉米Corn	24 102	32.31	10	花生Peanut	902	1.21
2	水稻Rice	17 494	23.46	11	普通西瓜Watermelon	901	1.21
3	普通小麦Comnon wheat	4 688	6.29	12	甘蓝型油菜Brassica napus	802	1.08
4	大豆Soybean	2 810	3.77	13	黄瓜Cucumber	688	0.92
5	辣椒属Capsicum	1 714	2.30	14	甜瓜Muskmelon	671	0.90
6	蝴蝶兰属Phalaenopsis	1 528	2.05	15	不结球白菜Brassica chinensis	655	0.88
7	普通番茄Tomato	1 464	1.96	16	茶组Tea	529	0.71
8	菊属Chrysanthemum	1 284	1.72	17	白菜型油菜Turnip type rape	515	0.69
9	棉属Grossypium	1 167	1.56	合计Total		15 630	83.01

表2 2019—2023年我国植物新品种权申请（≥100）植物属（种）构成

Table.2 Plant genus （species） of applications number （≥100） of new plant variety right in China from 2019 to 2023

序号 No.	植物种类 Plant species	申请量 Applications number	占比 Proportion/%	序号 No.	植物种类 Plant species	申请量 Applications number	占比 Proportion/%
1	玉米Corn	15 726	32.633	26	桃Peach	220	0.457
2	水稻Rice	10 242	21.253	27	花烛属Anthurium andraeanum	218	0.452
3	普通小麦Wheat	2 562	5.316	28	南瓜Pumpkin	214	0.444
4	大豆Soybean	1 685	3.497	29	葡萄属Vitis	210	0.436
5	辣椒属Capsicum	1 324	2.747	30	普通结球甘蓝Brassica oleracea	206	0.427
6	蝴蝶兰属Phalaenopsis	1 212	2.515	31	茄子Eggplant	192	0.398
7	普通番茄Tomato	1 129	2.343	32	草莓Strawberry	190	0.394
8	菊属Chrysanthemum	786	1.631	33	猕猴桃属Actinidia	186	0.386
9	普通西瓜Watermelon	634	1.316	34	甘蔗属Saccharum	173	0.359
10	花生Peanut	558	1.158	35	柑橘属Citrus	167	0.347
11	棉属Gossypium	558	1.158	36	石竹属Dianthus	166	0.344
12	不结球白菜Brassica chinensis	556	1.154	37	谷子Millet	159	0.330
13	甜瓜Muskmelon	538	1.116	38	花椰菜Cauliflower	156	0.324
14	黄瓜Cucumber	519	1.077	39	菜豆Kidney bean	154	0.320
15	甘蓝型油菜Brassica napus	429	0.890	40	梨属Pyrus	150	0.311
16	茶组Tea	368	0.764	41	高粱Sorghum	149	0.309
17	白菜型油菜Turnip type rape	362	0.751	42	苦瓜Bitter melon	149	0.309
18	大白菜Chinese abbage	349	0.724	43	大麦属Hordeum	145	0.301
19	向日葵Sunflower	335	0.695	44	豇豆Cowpea	141	0.293
20	马铃薯Potato	319	0.662	45	青花菜Broccoli	140	0.291
21	甘薯Sweet potato	290	0.602	46	非洲菊Gerbera	114	0.237
22	食用萝卜Edible radish	256	0.531	47	莲Lotus	114	0.237
23	苹果属Malus	247	0.513	48	兰属Orchis	113	0.234
24	朱顶红属Hippeastrum rutilum	245	0.508	49	樱桃Cherry	100	0.208
25	西葫芦Zucchini	227	0.471	合计Total		45 382	94.173

图3 1999—2023年各省的植物新品种权申请量注：数据来源于农业农村部发展中心公告查询平台（https：//www.nybkjfzzx.cn）。

Fig. 3 Number of applications of right of the new plant variety right in different provinces from 1999 to 2023Note：The data come from the announcement query platform of the Development Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs （https：//www.nybkjfzzx.cn）.

图4 我国2019—2023年植物新品种权申请量前10省份注：数据来源于农业农村部发展中心公告查询平台（https：//www.nybkjfzzx.cn）。

Fig. 4 Top 10 provinces with applications of the new plant variety right in China from 2019 to 2023Note：The data come from the announcement query platform of the Development Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs （https：//www.nybkjfzzx.cn）.

图5 2019—2023年我国不同主体植物新品种权申请量分布注：数据来源于农业农村部发展中心公告查询平台（https：//www.nybkjfzzx.cn）。

Fig. 5 Application quantity of new plant variety right from different application subjects in China from 2019 to 2023Note：The data come from the announcement query platform of the Development Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs （https：//www.nybkjfzzx.cn）.

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