控释尿素与尿素配施对甜玉米产量和氮肥利用率的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0760

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (2): 163-173.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0760

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

控释尿素与尿素配施对甜玉米产量和氮肥利用率的影响

黄巧义¹(), 吴永沛¹, 黄旭¹, 李苹¹, 付弘婷¹, 张木¹, 逄玉万¹, 曾招兵²(), 唐拴虎¹()

^1.广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，农业农村部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室，广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室，广州 510640
^2.广东省农业环境与耕地质量保护中心（广东省农业农村投资项目中心），广州 510500

收稿日期:2021-09-01 接受日期:2021-11-23 出版日期:2023-02-15 发布日期:2023-05-17
通讯作者: 曾招兵,唐拴虎
作者简介:黄巧义 E-mail：huangqiaoyi@gdaas.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(U1901601);广东省自然科学基金项目(2020A1515011089);广东省农业农村厅项目

Impact of Controlled-release Urea Combined with Conventional Urea on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Spring Sweet Corn Under One-off Application

Qiaoyi HUANG¹(), Yongpei WU¹, Xu HUANG¹, Ping LI¹, Hongting FU¹, Mu ZHANG¹, Yuwan PANG¹, Zhaobing ZENG²(), Shuanhu TANG¹()

^1.Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas； Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation；Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment，Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Guangzhou 510640，China
^2.The Protection Center of Agricultural Environment and Cultivated Land Quality of Guangdong Province （Guangdong Rural Investment Center），Guangzhou 510500，China

Received:2021-09-01 Accepted:2021-11-23 Online:2023-02-15 Published:2023-05-17
Contact: Zhaobing ZENG,Shuanhu TANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示控释尿素与普通尿素一次性配施对春播甜玉米生物量累积和氮素吸收累积量的影响，探明其对甜玉米生长、产量及氮肥利用率的影响，为甜玉米化肥增效减施提供参考，2017年在广东省博罗县和惠阳县以甜玉米品种粤甜28号开展田间试验，试验设4个处理，分别是不施氮（CK）、常规分次施氮（U100，分3次施用）和2个控释尿素与普通尿素一次性配施处理（CCU100和CCU80，较U100分别减氮0%和20%），CCU100和CCU80处理中控释尿素与普通尿素的配施比例为7∶3。结果表明，在广东省春播甜玉米生长季节，控释尿素在土壤中的氮素释放特征近似于“S”线，氮素累积释放率达85%以上，氮素累积释放量随着土壤积温的提高而提高，呈显著正相关关系。CCU100的生物量和氮素累积量高于常规尿素分次施氮处理（U100），生物量的平均增幅分别为4.68%（博罗）和6.75%（惠阳），氮素累积量的平均增幅分别为2.74%（博罗）和6.20%（惠阳）。在减氮20%条件下，CCU80处理的生物量与U100处理相比差异不显著，而氮素吸收累积量低于U100处理，其中博罗试验点甜玉米收获期的氮素累积量较U100处理降低了10.02%（P<0.05）。与U100处理相比，CCU100和CCU80处理的产量无显著减产，CCU80处理显著提高了氮肥农学效率和氮肥吸收利用率（P<0.05），氮肥农学效率的增幅为14.20%（博罗）和10.16%（惠阳），氮肥吸收利用率的增幅为4.92%（博罗）和22.03%（惠阳）。甜玉米收获时期，施氮处理显著提高秸秆和果穗的氮含量，而不同施氮处理的秸秆和果穗氮、磷、钾含量无显著差异。综上，在广东省春播甜玉米生产上，控释尿素与普通尿素一次性配施可满足春播甜玉米氮素吸收累积需求，确保充足的生物量积累，最终实现稳产高产，提高了氮肥施用效率，达到轻简化施肥、化肥增效减施的目的。

关键词: 甜玉米, 控释尿素, 产量, 一次性施肥, 氮肥利用效率

Abstract:

Field experiments of sweet corn were carried out in Boluo county and Huiyang county of Guangdong province simultaneously in 2017 to determine the effects of one-off application of controlled-release urea combined with common urea on the biomass accumulation and nitrogen accumulation of spring sweet corn. Four treatments were employed in the experiments， including no nitrogen application treatment（CK）， conventional nitrogen application treatment（U100， three times application） and 2 controlled-release urea combined with common urea under one-off application treatments（CCU100 and CCU80， which denoted 0% and 20% reduction of N rate based on U100， respectively）. The blending ratio of controlled-release urea and common urea in CCU100 and CCU80 was 7∶3. The results showed that nitrogen release characteristics of controlled-release urea in soil under spring sowing sweet corn were similar to the “S” line， and more than 85% of nitrogen from controlled-release urea had been released. The cumulative release rate of nitrogen from controlled-release urea was correlated with accumulated temperature positively. Comparing with U100， the biomass of sweet corn in CCU100 were increased by 4.68% （Boluo） and 6.75% （Huiyang ） averagely， the nitrogen uptake of sweet corn in CCU100 were increased by 2.74% （Boluo ） and 6.20% （Huiyang ） averagely. No significant differences in accumulative of biomass of sweet corn between CCU80 and U100 treatments were observed. During harvest， the N uptake of sweet corn at Boluo in CCU80 treatment was 10.02% lower than that of U100 treatment （P<0.05）. Compared with U100 treatment， the yield of CCU100 and CCU80 treatment did not decrease significantly. Compared with U100 treatment， the agronomic N use efficiencies and N recovery efficiency were significantly increased in CCU80 treatment（P<0.05）， with an increase of 14.20% （Boluo ） and 10.16% （Huiyang ）， and 4.92% （Boluo ） and 22.03% （Huiyang） respectively. During harvest， N contents of straw and ear were increased significantly due to nitrogen application， but no significant differences in the nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium contents of straw and ear were observed among different N fertilization treatments. To sum up， for the production of spring sowing sweet corn in Guangdong province， one-off application of controlled-release urea combined with conventional urea could increase the nitrogen use efficiency while maintained crop yield， so it’s an effective way to save labor and increase profit.

Key words: sweet corn, controlled-release urea, yield, one-off application, nitrogen use efficiency

中图分类号:

S145.5

黄巧义, 吴永沛, 黄旭, 李苹, 付弘婷, 张木, 逄玉万, 曾招兵, 唐拴虎. 控释尿素与尿素配施对甜玉米产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(2): 163-173.

Qiaoyi HUANG, Yongpei WU, Xu HUANG, Ping LI, Hongting FU, Mu ZHANG, Yuwan PANG, Zhaobing ZENG, Shuanhu TANG. Impact of Controlled-release Urea Combined with Conventional Urea on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Spring Sweet Corn Under One-off Application[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(2): 163-173.

图/表 11

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试验点 Site	处理 Treatment	穗长 Ear length/cm	穗粗 Ear diameter/ mm	不秃尖率 Tip fill/%	行粒数 Kernel No. per row	产量 Yield/（kg∙hm^-2）	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content/ （mg∙kg^-1）	维生素C含量 Vc content/ （mg∙kg^-1）
博罗 Boluo	CK	19.1±0.7 b	44.9±2.4 b	80.7±3.3 b	32.8±1.8 b	10 605.00±457.93 b	137.72±6.21 a	105.59±1.61 b
	U100	20.6±0.5 a	53.7±0.7 a	95.4±1.3 a	40.2±0.6 a	18 510.00±337.09 a	106.81±8.21 b	115.71±2.40 a
	CCU100	20.4±0.3 a	53.4±1.1 a	94.9±2.2 a	40.2±0.6 a	18 600.00±333.86 a	106.08±6.35 b	117.24±1.67 a
	CCU80	20.3±0.1 a	53.4±0.6 a	94.7±0.5 a	40.1±0.9 a	17 826.90±215.50 a	108.14±7.19 b	117.14±6.88 a
惠阳 Huiyang	CK	18.7±0.2 b	43.0±1.7 b	81.1±3.4 b	39.4±0.9 b	12 731.57±703.04 b	106.07±9.41 a	136.16±4.80 b
	U100	19.4±0.5 a	48.4±1.6 a	96.2±1.0 a	42.3±0.5 a	19 629.94±176.56 a	93.06±8.43 a	148.51±5.41 a
	CCU100	19.3±0.3 a	48.3±1.0 a	96.3±0.8 a	42.3±1.4 a	19 766.44±104.21 a	95.08±8.03 a	152.94±1.49 a
	CCU80	19.3±0.2 a	47.7±0.5 a	96.0±1.2 a	41.2±1.0 a	18 811.15±421.54 a	97.25±6.87 a	150.53±3.91 a

试验点 Site	处理 Treatment	穗长 Ear length/cm	穗粗 Ear diameter/ mm	不秃尖率 Tip fill/%	行粒数 Kernel No. per row	产量 Yield/（kg∙hm^-2）	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content/ （mg∙kg^-1）	维生素C含量 Vc content/ （mg∙kg^-1）
博罗 Boluo	CK	19.1±0.7 b	44.9±2.4 b	80.7±3.3 b	32.8±1.8 b	10 605.00±457.93 b	137.72±6.21 a	105.59±1.61 b
	U100	20.6±0.5 a	53.7±0.7 a	95.4±1.3 a	40.2±0.6 a	18 510.00±337.09 a	106.81±8.21 b	115.71±2.40 a
	CCU100	20.4±0.3 a	53.4±1.1 a	94.9±2.2 a	40.2±0.6 a	18 600.00±333.86 a	106.08±6.35 b	117.24±1.67 a
	CCU80	20.3±0.1 a	53.4±0.6 a	94.7±0.5 a	40.1±0.9 a	17 826.90±215.50 a	108.14±7.19 b	117.14±6.88 a
惠阳 Huiyang	CK	18.7±0.2 b	43.0±1.7 b	81.1±3.4 b	39.4±0.9 b	12 731.57±703.04 b	106.07±9.41 a	136.16±4.80 b
	U100	19.4±0.5 a	48.4±1.6 a	96.2±1.0 a	42.3±0.5 a	19 629.94±176.56 a	93.06±8.43 a	148.51±5.41 a
	CCU100	19.3±0.3 a	48.3±1.0 a	96.3±0.8 a	42.3±1.4 a	19 766.44±104.21 a	95.08±8.03 a	152.94±1.49 a
	CCU80	19.3±0.2 a	47.7±0.5 a	96.0±1.2 a	41.2±1.0 a	18 811.15±421.54 a	97.25±6.87 a	150.53±3.91 a

试验点 Site	处理 Treatment	氮含量 N content/%		磷含量 P content/%		钾含量 K content/%
试验点 Site	处理 Treatment	秸秆Straw	果穗 Grain	秸秆Straw	果穗 Grain	秸秆Straw	果穗 Grain
博罗 Boluo	CK	0.86±0.05 b	1.08±0.05 b	0.23±0.04 a	0.31±0.01 a	2.16±0.13 a	0.93±0.07 a
	U100	1.61±0.18 a	1.41±0.18 a	0.23±0.02 a	0.30±0.01 a	2.31±0.16 a	0.92±0.02 a
	CCU100	1.79±0.11 a	1.47±0.10 a	0.24±0.02 a	0.30±0.01 a	2.24±0.12 a	0.93±0.02 a
	CCU80	1.51±0.16 a	1.34±0.08 a	0.23±0.03 a	0.29±0.02 a	2.38±0.22 a	0.95±0.03 a
惠阳 Huiyang	CK	1.52±0.23 b	1.49±0.15 b	0.34±0.06 a	0.34±0.02 a	2.98±0.22 a	0.89±0.06 a
	U100	1.88±0.23 ab	1.76±0.10 ab	0.37±0.03 a	0.34±0.04 a	2.99±0.21 a	0.97±0.12 a
	CCU100	2.22±0.25 a	1.89±0.21 a	0.42±0.02 a	0.35±0.04 a	2.88±0.21 a	0.95±0.07 a
	CCU80	2.04±0.34 ab	1.82±0.15 ab	0.41±0.06 a	0.34±0.02 a	3.14±0.43 a	0.96±0.12 a

试验点 Site	处理 Treatment	氮含量 N content/%		磷含量 P content/%		钾含量 K content/%
试验点 Site	处理 Treatment	秸秆Straw	果穗 Grain	秸秆Straw	果穗 Grain	秸秆Straw	果穗 Grain
博罗 Boluo	CK	0.86±0.05 b	1.08±0.05 b	0.23±0.04 a	0.31±0.01 a	2.16±0.13 a	0.93±0.07 a
	U100	1.61±0.18 a	1.41±0.18 a	0.23±0.02 a	0.30±0.01 a	2.31±0.16 a	0.92±0.02 a
	CCU100	1.79±0.11 a	1.47±0.10 a	0.24±0.02 a	0.30±0.01 a	2.24±0.12 a	0.93±0.02 a
	CCU80	1.51±0.16 a	1.34±0.08 a	0.23±0.03 a	0.29±0.02 a	2.38±0.22 a	0.95±0.03 a
惠阳 Huiyang	CK	1.52±0.23 b	1.49±0.15 b	0.34±0.06 a	0.34±0.02 a	2.98±0.22 a	0.89±0.06 a
	U100	1.88±0.23 ab	1.76±0.10 ab	0.37±0.03 a	0.34±0.04 a	2.99±0.21 a	0.97±0.12 a
	CCU100	2.22±0.25 a	1.89±0.21 a	0.42±0.02 a	0.35±0.04 a	2.88±0.21 a	0.95±0.07 a
	CCU80	2.04±0.34 ab	1.82±0.15 ab	0.41±0.06 a	0.34±0.02 a	3.14±0.43 a	0.96±0.12 a

试验点 Site	处理 Treatment	氮肥农学效率 Nitrogen agronomic efficiency/（kg∙kg^-1）	氮肥吸收利用率 Nitrogen recovery efficiency/%	氮肥生理利用率 Nitrogen physiological efficiency/（kg∙kg^-1）
博罗 Boluo	CK	—	—	—
	U100	26.35±1.26 b	39.15±3.50 a	67.55±5.67 a
	CCU100	26.65±1.12 b	40.32±5.19 a	65.47±8.35 a
	CCU80	30.09±0.90 a	41.08±2.09 a	73.76±2.00 a
惠阳 Huiyang	CK	—	—	—
	U100	22.99±0.59 b	28.77±1.34 b	79.70±3.89 a
	CCU100	23.45±0.35 b	32.02±1.59 ab	74.25±10.61 a
	CCU80	25.33±0.52 a	35.11±1.48 a	70.82±7.57 a

控释尿素与尿素配施对甜玉米产量和氮肥利用率的影响

Impact of Controlled-release Urea Combined with Conventional Urea on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Spring Sweet Corn Under One-off Application

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Metrics

试验点 Site	处理 Treatment	氮含量N content	磷含量P content	钾含量K content
博罗 Boluo	CK	77.55±3.31 b	46.85±3.78 a	139.33±14.18 a
	U100	97.35±5.70 a	48.03±4.64 a	130.50±15.46 a
	CCU100	95.57±4.33 a	42.90±3.14 a	125.65±14.31 a
	CCU80	94.07±9.67 a	49.22±4.71 a	137.17±19.23 a
惠阳 Huiyang	CK	123.09±10.10 a	49.99±4.41 a	118.50±8.81 a
	U100	130.83±7.55 a	48.14±7.24 a	135.50±28.33 a
	CCU100	137.35±9.66 a	48.29±8.13 a	121.25±15.22 a
	CCU80	131.19±7.43 a	43.32±2.02 a	125.50±9.67 a

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