不同肥料配施对樱桃园土壤及幼树生长的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0155

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究不同肥料配施对土壤营养及樱桃幼树树体长势的影响，以2年生‘美早’樱桃为试材，以不施肥（CK1）和常规施肥（CK2）作为对照，然后在常规施肥的基础上，分别配施氨基酸水溶肥（T1）、有机肥（T2）、微量元素水溶肥料（T3）、微生物菌肥（T4）、赤·吲乙·芸苔（T5）、芸苔素内酯（T6）、盐碱土壤改良剂（T7）、盐碱土壤改良剂+微生物菌肥（T8）、盐碱土壤改良剂+微生物菌肥+氨基酸水溶肥（T9）、盐碱土壤改良剂+微生物菌肥+赤·吲乙·芸苔（T10），共计12个处理，测定不同处理下土壤的理化性质、养分、酶活性及樱桃幼树生长指标。结果表明，T5处理土壤pH显著高于其他处理；T7、T8、T9处理土壤容重显著高于其他处理；T8、T9处理土壤含盐量较CK1显著降低23.36％、22.45％。T2处理在0—20、20—40 cm土层土壤的有机质含量最高，分别为21.79、16.00 g·kg^-1，T2、T8、T9在40—60 cm土层土壤的有机质含量差异不显著。施肥处理土壤的碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾较CK1均有显著提升。T3处理由于施用微量元素水溶肥，土壤微量元素含量有较大提升，其他处理较CK1和CK2均有一定提升。T9处理土壤酶活性最高，其过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性分别比CK1处理提高50.83%、55.27%、61.70%，且T9处理樱桃的株高、新梢长、新梢粗提升最显著。综上所述，T9处理对增强樱桃树生长量方面有显著作用，能有效降低土壤pH和盐含量，提高土壤养分和理化性质、酶活性。

关键词: 樱桃, 土壤理化性质, 微量元素, 树体长势

Abstract:

In order to study the effects of different fertilizers on soil nutrition and tree growth of young cherry trees， the two-year-old ‘Meizao’ cherry was taken as the test material， and no fertilization （CK1） and conventional fertilization （CK2） were used as the control. Amino acid water soluble fertilizer （T1）， organic fertilizer （T2）， trace element water soluble fertilizer （T3）， microbial fertilizer （T4）， red·indole·brassicola （T5）， brassinolide （T6）， saline soil amendment （T7）， saline soil amendment+microbial fertilizer （T8）， saline soil amendment+microbial fertilizer+amino acid water-soluble fertilizer （T9）， saline soil amendment+microbial fertilizer+red·indole·brassica （T10）， a total of 12 treatments， were set. The soil physicochemical properties， nutrients， enzyme activities and cherry seedling growth indicators under different treatments were determined. The results showed that the pH of T5 treatment was significantly higher than those of other treatments， the soil bulk densities of T7， T8 and T9 treatments were significantly higher than those of other treatments， and the soil salt contents of T8 and T9 treatments were significantly lower than that of CK1 by 23.36% and 22.45%. At 0—20 and 20—40 cm soil layers， the organic matter content of T2 treatment was the highest with 21.79 and 16.00 g·kg^-1， respectively， and there was no significant difference between T2， T8 and T9 at 40—60 cm soil layer. The contents of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen， available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium of fertilize treatments were significantly higher than CK1. In summary， T3 treatment greatly increased soil trace element contents due to the application of trace element water-soluble fertilizer， and other treatments had a certain increase compared with CK1 and CK2. T9 treatment had the highest soil enzyme activity， which the activities of catalase， urease and sucrase increased by 50.83%， 55.27% and 61.70%， respectively， compared with CK1 treatment. T9 treatment had the most significant increase in plant height， shoot length and shoot thickness. In summary， T9 treatment had significant effect on enhancing the growth of cherry trees， and could effectively reduce soil pH and soil salt content， improve soil nutrients， physical and chemical properties， and enzyme activities.

Key words: cherry, soil physical and chemical properties, trace elements, tree growth

中图分类号:

S662.5

马铭泽, 张帆, 王田, 李文芳, 毛娟, 陈佰鸿, 马宗桓. 不同肥料配施对樱桃园土壤及幼树生长的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(11): 191-203.

Mingze MA, Fan ZHANG, Tian WANG, Wenfang LI, Juan MAO, Baihong CHEN, Zonghuan MA. Effects of Different Fertilizers on Soil and Sapling Growth in Cherry Orchard[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(11): 191-203.

图/表 11

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处理 Treatment	深度 Depth/cm	Ca/ （g·kg^-1）	Mg/ （mg·kg^-1）	Fe/ （mg·kg^-1）	Cu/ （mg·kg^-1）	Zn/ （mg·kg^-1）	Mn/ （mg·kg^-1）
CK1	0—20	2.74±0.21 e	142.09±2.64 g	41.46±1.46 f	7.11±0.16 e	12.68±0.91 b	3.81±0.09 c
	20—40	1.84±0.12 f	80.96±2.34 f	37.19±1.64 g	6.24±0.16 f	12.15±0.24 g	3.01±0.14 f
	40—60	1.52±0.13 f	73.35±1.45 g	30.6±0.95 g	5.53±0.16 f	5.21±0.14 f	2.56±0.06 f
CK2	0—20	2.84±0.13 e	146.51±2.16 fg	44.19±1.48 ef	7.89±0.27 d	12.97±0.84 ab	4.27±0.19 bc
	20—40	2.17±0.11 ef	92.51±3.16 e	40.32±1.48 f	6.91±0.14 e	12.43±0.29 f	3.55±0.19 de
	40—60	1.97±0.11 e	80.22±1.48 f	32.14±0.81 fg	5.82±0.18 ef	5.68±0.11 e	3.01±0.12 ef
T1	0—20	3.48±0.11 abcd	162.74±1.46 ab	46.49±1.56 de	8.04±0.28 d	13.06±0.76 ab	4.41±0.16 ab
	20—40	2.49±0.14 cd	101.46±3.49 d	45.52±1.64 cd	7.09±0.45 de	12.59±0.29 de	3.42±0.09 e
	40—60	2.19±0.15 de	89.46±1.72 de	35.49±0.67 de	6.09±0.17 de	5.98±0.09 de	3.18±0.08 ef
T2	0—20	3.46±0.16 abcd	156.62±3.48 cd	46.64±1.57 cde	8.16±0.49 cd	13.02±0.74 ab	4.15±0.09 bc
	20—40	3.08±0.12 a	112.65±3.46 abc	44.62±1.34 de	7.34±0.13 cd	12.64±0.21 de	3.64±0.11 de
	40—60	2.24±0.16 cd	87.19±1.64 e	35.46±1.08 de	6.17±0.09 de	6.07±0.07 d	3.95±0.14 cd
T3	0—20	3.07±0.16 cde	165.83±3.61 a	54.73±1.38 a	9.05±0.18 a	13.16±0.72 ab	4.92±0.13 a
	20—40	3.16±0.16 a	120.18±2.94 a	49.76±1.48 a	8.22±0.11 a	13.12±0.17 a	4.29±0.17 a
	40—60	2.68±1.13 a	99.24±1.34 a	41.12±1.16 a	7.69±0.12 a	6.94±1.06 a	4.66±0.12 a
T4	0—20	3.61±0.13 abc	150.61±3.46 ef	48.51±1.49 bcd	8.12±0.27 cd	13.42±0.64 a	4.11±0.14 bc
	20—40	2.67±0.17 bc	113.24±2.48 ab	46.49±1.49 bc	7.03±0.18 de	12.53±0.13 ef	3.67±0.13 de
	40—60	2.33±0.14 bcd	92.46±1.28 bcd	36.65±1.45 cd	6.21±0.17 d	6.14±1.04 cd	3.41±0.11 de
T5	0—20	3.15±0.14 bcde	154.61±2.64 de	47.46±1.78 bcde	8.61±0.31 abc	13.24±0.62 ab	4.25±0.11 bc
	20—40	2.49±0.11 cd	106.46±2.46 bc	45.34±1.13 cd	7.39±0.15 cd	12.61±0.21 de	3.83±0.21 bcd
	40—60	2.29±0.12 cd	91.67±2.01 bcd	37.12±0.87 bcd	6.42±0.11 d	6.19±1.13 cd	3.47±0.09 de
T6	0—20	2.94±0.15 de	157.93±2.49 bcd	47.61±1.26 bcde	8.14±0.18 cd	13.15±0.67 ab	4.29±0.15 bc
	20—40	2.85±0.13 abc	104.95±2.81 d	43.61±1.43 de	7.16±0.14 de	12.79±0.26 bc	3.66±0.16 de
	40—60	2.46±0.13 ab	90.49±1.47 cd	33.78±1.24 ef	6.81±0.13 c	6.25±0.08 cd	3.88±0.13 cd
T7	0—20	3.47±0.13 abcd	156.15±2.15 cd	47.16±1.29 cde	8.21±0.25 bcd	13.21±0.72 ab	4.43±0.21 ab
	20—40	2.46±0.15 de	105.64±3.15 cd	42.64±1.15 ef	7.59±0.19 bc	12.49±0.24 f	3.79±0.14 cd
	40—60	2.37±0.14 bc	93.47±1.38 bc	32.82±1.11 f	6.15±0.18 de	6.31±1.16 bcd	3.68±0.08 de
T8	0—20	3.64±0.18 abc	159.64±2.51 bcd	49.78±1.49 bcd	8.71±0.46 ab	13.28±0.19 a	4.63±0.16 ab
	20—40	2.97±0.14 ab	114.64±3.19 a	47.19±1.44 abc	7.85±0.09 b	12.97±0.22 ab	4.09±0.17 ab
	40—60	2.54±0.17 ab	94.16±1.91 bc	37.92±1.13 bc	7.09±0.14 bc	6.45±1.12 bc	3.91±0.12 cd
T9	0—20	3.81±0.21 a	161.46±2.75 abc	51.16±1.44 b	8.84±0.13 a	13.32±0.34 a	4.87±0.13 a
	20—40	3.15±0.13 a	117.13±3.34 a	48.67±1.35 ab	7.94±0.15 ab	13.01±0.25 ab	4.16±0.15 a
	40—60	2.59±0.14 ab	95.38±1.06 b	38.82±1.16 b	7.26±0.15 b	6.54±1.11 b	4.26±0.14 b
T10	0—20	3.69±0.22 ab	160.46±2.16 abc	50.45±1.16 bc	8.76±0.15 a	13.29±0.48 a	4.57±0.18 ab
	20—40	2.90±0.15 ab	113.46±3.06 ab	47.98±1.67 abc	7.79±0.16 b	12.86±0.11 c	4.02±0.31 abc
	40—60	2.48±0.09 ab	94.94±1.48 b	37.68±0.91 bc	7.16±0.14 bc	6.49±1.13 bc	4.09±0.11 bc

处理 Treatment	深度 Depth/cm	Ca/ （g·kg^-1）	Mg/ （mg·kg^-1）	Fe/ （mg·kg^-1）	Cu/ （mg·kg^-1）	Zn/ （mg·kg^-1）	Mn/ （mg·kg^-1）
CK1	0—20	2.74±0.21 e	142.09±2.64 g	41.46±1.46 f	7.11±0.16 e	12.68±0.91 b	3.81±0.09 c
	20—40	1.84±0.12 f	80.96±2.34 f	37.19±1.64 g	6.24±0.16 f	12.15±0.24 g	3.01±0.14 f
	40—60	1.52±0.13 f	73.35±1.45 g	30.6±0.95 g	5.53±0.16 f	5.21±0.14 f	2.56±0.06 f
CK2	0—20	2.84±0.13 e	146.51±2.16 fg	44.19±1.48 ef	7.89±0.27 d	12.97±0.84 ab	4.27±0.19 bc
	20—40	2.17±0.11 ef	92.51±3.16 e	40.32±1.48 f	6.91±0.14 e	12.43±0.29 f	3.55±0.19 de
	40—60	1.97±0.11 e	80.22±1.48 f	32.14±0.81 fg	5.82±0.18 ef	5.68±0.11 e	3.01±0.12 ef
T1	0—20	3.48±0.11 abcd	162.74±1.46 ab	46.49±1.56 de	8.04±0.28 d	13.06±0.76 ab	4.41±0.16 ab
	20—40	2.49±0.14 cd	101.46±3.49 d	45.52±1.64 cd	7.09±0.45 de	12.59±0.29 de	3.42±0.09 e
	40—60	2.19±0.15 de	89.46±1.72 de	35.49±0.67 de	6.09±0.17 de	5.98±0.09 de	3.18±0.08 ef
T2	0—20	3.46±0.16 abcd	156.62±3.48 cd	46.64±1.57 cde	8.16±0.49 cd	13.02±0.74 ab	4.15±0.09 bc
	20—40	3.08±0.12 a	112.65±3.46 abc	44.62±1.34 de	7.34±0.13 cd	12.64±0.21 de	3.64±0.11 de
	40—60	2.24±0.16 cd	87.19±1.64 e	35.46±1.08 de	6.17±0.09 de	6.07±0.07 d	3.95±0.14 cd
T3	0—20	3.07±0.16 cde	165.83±3.61 a	54.73±1.38 a	9.05±0.18 a	13.16±0.72 ab	4.92±0.13 a
	20—40	3.16±0.16 a	120.18±2.94 a	49.76±1.48 a	8.22±0.11 a	13.12±0.17 a	4.29±0.17 a
	40—60	2.68±1.13 a	99.24±1.34 a	41.12±1.16 a	7.69±0.12 a	6.94±1.06 a	4.66±0.12 a
T4	0—20	3.61±0.13 abc	150.61±3.46 ef	48.51±1.49 bcd	8.12±0.27 cd	13.42±0.64 a	4.11±0.14 bc
	20—40	2.67±0.17 bc	113.24±2.48 ab	46.49±1.49 bc	7.03±0.18 de	12.53±0.13 ef	3.67±0.13 de
	40—60	2.33±0.14 bcd	92.46±1.28 bcd	36.65±1.45 cd	6.21±0.17 d	6.14±1.04 cd	3.41±0.11 de
T5	0—20	3.15±0.14 bcde	154.61±2.64 de	47.46±1.78 bcde	8.61±0.31 abc	13.24±0.62 ab	4.25±0.11 bc
	20—40	2.49±0.11 cd	106.46±2.46 bc	45.34±1.13 cd	7.39±0.15 cd	12.61±0.21 de	3.83±0.21 bcd
	40—60	2.29±0.12 cd	91.67±2.01 bcd	37.12±0.87 bcd	6.42±0.11 d	6.19±1.13 cd	3.47±0.09 de
T6	0—20	2.94±0.15 de	157.93±2.49 bcd	47.61±1.26 bcde	8.14±0.18 cd	13.15±0.67 ab	4.29±0.15 bc
	20—40	2.85±0.13 abc	104.95±2.81 d	43.61±1.43 de	7.16±0.14 de	12.79±0.26 bc	3.66±0.16 de
	40—60	2.46±0.13 ab	90.49±1.47 cd	33.78±1.24 ef	6.81±0.13 c	6.25±0.08 cd	3.88±0.13 cd
T7	0—20	3.47±0.13 abcd	156.15±2.15 cd	47.16±1.29 cde	8.21±0.25 bcd	13.21±0.72 ab	4.43±0.21 ab
	20—40	2.46±0.15 de	105.64±3.15 cd	42.64±1.15 ef	7.59±0.19 bc	12.49±0.24 f	3.79±0.14 cd
	40—60	2.37±0.14 bc	93.47±1.38 bc	32.82±1.11 f	6.15±0.18 de	6.31±1.16 bcd	3.68±0.08 de
T8	0—20	3.64±0.18 abc	159.64±2.51 bcd	49.78±1.49 bcd	8.71±0.46 ab	13.28±0.19 a	4.63±0.16 ab
	20—40	2.97±0.14 ab	114.64±3.19 a	47.19±1.44 abc	7.85±0.09 b	12.97±0.22 ab	4.09±0.17 ab
	40—60	2.54±0.17 ab	94.16±1.91 bc	37.92±1.13 bc	7.09±0.14 bc	6.45±1.12 bc	3.91±0.12 cd
T9	0—20	3.81±0.21 a	161.46±2.75 abc	51.16±1.44 b	8.84±0.13 a	13.32±0.34 a	4.87±0.13 a
	20—40	3.15±0.13 a	117.13±3.34 a	48.67±1.35 ab	7.94±0.15 ab	13.01±0.25 ab	4.16±0.15 a
	40—60	2.59±0.14 ab	95.38±1.06 b	38.82±1.16 b	7.26±0.15 b	6.54±1.11 b	4.26±0.14 b
T10	0—20	3.69±0.22 ab	160.46±2.16 abc	50.45±1.16 bc	8.76±0.15 a	13.29±0.48 a	4.57±0.18 ab
	20—40	2.90±0.15 ab	113.46±3.06 ab	47.98±1.67 abc	7.79±0.16 b	12.86±0.11 c	4.02±0.31 abc
	40—60	2.48±0.09 ab	94.94±1.48 b	37.68±0.91 bc	7.16±0.14 bc	6.49±1.13 bc	4.09±0.11 bc

	株高 Plant height	茎粗 Stem diameter	新梢长 Shoot length	新梢粗 Shoot diameter
有机质Organic matter	0.831^**	0.754^**	0.719^**	0.848^**
碱解氮Alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen	0.978^**	0.922^**	0.859^**	0.870^**
有效磷Available phosphorus	0.937^**	0.895^**	0.829^**	0.828^**
速效钾Available potassium	0.927^**	0.824^**	0.802^**	0.913^**
Ca	0.905^**	0.819^**	0.681^*	0.799^**
Mg	0.797^**	0.744^**	0.531	0.590^*
Fe	0.714^**	0.631^*	0.469	0.514
Cu	0.679^*	0.613^*	0.421	0.505
Zn	0.743^**	0.676^*	0.480	0.560
Mn	0.677^*	0.575	0.427	0.536
过氧化氢酶Catalase	0.885^**	0.736^**	0.798^**	0.912^**
脲酶Urease	0.915^**	0.840^**	0.817^**	0.923^**
蔗糖酶Sucrase	0.829^**	0.713^**	0.729^**	0.818^**

	株高 Plant height	茎粗 Stem diameter	新梢长 Shoot length	新梢粗 Shoot diameter
有机质Organic matter	0.831^**	0.754^**	0.719^**	0.848^**
碱解氮Alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen	0.978^**	0.922^**	0.859^**	0.870^**
有效磷Available phosphorus	0.937^**	0.895^**	0.829^**	0.828^**
速效钾Available potassium	0.927^**	0.824^**	0.802^**	0.913^**
Ca	0.905^**	0.819^**	0.681^*	0.799^**
Mg	0.797^**	0.744^**	0.531	0.590^*
Fe	0.714^**	0.631^*	0.469	0.514
Cu	0.679^*	0.613^*	0.421	0.505
Zn	0.743^**	0.676^*	0.480	0.560
Mn	0.677^*	0.575	0.427	0.536
过氧化氢酶Catalase	0.885^**	0.736^**	0.798^**	0.912^**
脲酶Urease	0.915^**	0.840^**	0.817^**	0.923^**
蔗糖酶Sucrase	0.829^**	0.713^**	0.729^**	0.818^**

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