内-外源有机质对黑土磷素吸附及有效性的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0126

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究有机质对东北黑土磷（P）吸附及有效性的影响，选用高有机质黑土（T1）、中有机质黑土（T2）、低有机质黑土（T3）3种不同有机质水平黑土，通过去除有机质操作探讨磷吸附-解吸是否受内源有机质影响。并选用高有机质黑土为材料，设置有机肥添加量分别为0%（CK）、1%（C1）、2%（C2）、3%（C3）共4个处理，分析不同有机肥添加量对土壤理化性质及磷有效性的影响。结果表明，随着有机质含量的提高，黑土吸附亲和力常数（K）、最大吸附量（q_m）、土壤最大缓冲量上升，土壤磷饱和度（soil phosphorus saturation，DPS）降低，表明磷在有机质高的土壤中不易流失。有机质含量越高，土壤对磷吸附能力越强，当平衡含量为100 mg·L^-1时，T1、T2、T3处理土壤磷吸附量分别为754.83、722.58、660.65 mg·kg^-1。有机质含量越低，土壤对磷解吸能力越强，磷有效性越强。去除有机质操作使不同水平有机质含量黑土磷吸附量下降5.90%~17.33%，增强了土壤磷有效性。对于磷等温吸附方程决定系数（R²），Langmuir方程大于Freundlich方程，拟合程度较好；土壤磷吸附主要由化学吸附主导。不同剂量有机肥施加均可以降低黑土对磷的吸附速率，且随有机肥添加量增加，吸附速率显著降低。当达到最大磷平衡含量时，C3处理土壤磷吸附量降低程度最大，土壤磷有效性最强，准二级动力学方程能较好地表达有机肥对土壤磷吸附动力学特征。添加有机肥使土壤pH、速效磷、有效磷和酸性磷酸酶活性分别显著增加1.05%~3.97%、121.43%~251.35%、8.38%~12.65%和42.96%~57.77%。研究结果为科学管理不同区域黑土、合理施用有机肥、提高磷素的有效性提供科学支撑。

关键词: 黑土, 有机质, 有机肥, 磷吸附-解吸, 磷有效性

Abstract:

In order to explore the effect of organic matter on phosphorus （P） adsorption and availability in northeast black soil， 3 types of black soil with different levels of organic matter including high organic matter black soil （T1）， medium organic matter black soil （T2） and low organic matter black soil （T3） were selected to explore whether the adsorption-desorption of phosphorus was influenced by endogenous organic matter by removing the organic matter. In addition， black soil with high organic matter was selected as the material， and 4 treatments with different organic fertilizer addition rates were set， including 0% （CK）， 1% （C1）， 2% （C2）， 3% （C3）， respectively. The effects of different organic fertilizer addition rates on soil physicochemical properties and phosphorus availability were analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of organic matter， the black soil adsorption affinity constant （K）， maximum adsorption capacity （q_m）， and soil maximum buffer content increased， while the soil phosphorus saturation （DPS） decreased， indicating that phosphorus was less likely to be lost in soils with high organic matter. The higher the organic matter， the stronger the soil’?s ability to adsorb phosphorus. When the equilibrium content was 100 mg·L^-1， the phosphorus adsorption capacities of T1， T2 and T3 treatments were 754.83， 722.58 and 660.65 mg·kg^-1， respectively. The lower the organic matter， the stronger the soil’s ability to desorb phosphorus， and the higher the phosphorus availability. Removing organic matter reduced the phosphorus adsorption capacity of black soil with different levels of organic matter by 5.90% to 17.33%， enhancing soil phosphorus availability. The determination coefficient （R²） of the phosphorus isothermal adsorption equation was higher for the Langmuir equation than for the Freundlich equation， indicating a better fit； soil phosphorus adsorption was mainly dominated by chemical adsorption. Different doses of organic fertilizer application could reduce the adsorption rate of phosphorus by black soil， and the adsorption rate significantly decreased with the increase of organic fertilizer dosage. When the maximum phosphorus equilibrium concentration was reached， the C3 treatment had the greatest reduction in soil phosphorus adsorption and the highest soil phosphorus availability. The pseudo-second-order kinetic equation could well express the kinetic characteristics of soil phosphorus adsorption with organic fertilizer application. The addition of organic fertilizer significantly increased soil pH，available phosphorus， effective phosphorus and acid phosphatase activity by 1.05%~3.97%， 121.43%~251.35%， 8.38%~12.65% and 42.96%~57.77%，respectively. Above results provided scientific theoretical support for scientific management of black soil in different regions， rational application of organic fertilizer and improvement of phosphorus availability.

Key words: black soil, organic matter, organic fertilizer, phosphorus adsorption-desorption, phosphorus availability

中图分类号:

张伟健, 冯景翊, 李悦, 何婉莹, 车延静, 王紫颖, 白雪燕, 谷思玉. 内-外源有机质对黑土磷素吸附及有效性的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(11): 180-190.

Weijian ZHANG, Jingyi FENG, Yue LI, Wanying HE, Yanjing CHE, Ziying WANG, Xueyan BAI, Siyu GU. Effect of Endogenous and Exogenous Organic Matter on Phosphorus Adsorption and Availability in Black Soil[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(11): 180-190.

图/表 10

表1 3种不同农田黑土基础理化性质

Table 1 Basic physical and chemical properties of 3 different kinds of farmland black soil

处理 Treatment

有机质 SOM/（g·kg^-1）

全氮

TN/ （g·kg^-1）

P / （g·kg^-1）

全磷 T

N / （mg·kg^-1）

碱解氮 A

阳离子交换量 CEC/ （cmol·kg^-1）

土壤粘土矿物类型 Soil clay mineral type

典型黑土（蒙脱石、伊利石） Typical black soil （montmorillonite， illite）

图1 不同有机质黑土磷吸附特性注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 1 Phosphorus adsorption characteristics of different organic black soilsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图2 不同水平有机质黑土的磷吸附-解吸量A：磷吸附；B：磷解吸。不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著

Fig. 2 Phosphorus adsorption-desorption capacity of different levels of organic black soilA：phosphorus adsorption； B： phosphorus desorption. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level

表2 不同有机质农田黑土对磷吸附的Langmuir和Freundlich拟合方程

Table 2 Langmuir and Freundlich fitting equation for phosphorus adsorption in black soil ofdifferent organic matter

处理 Treatment	Langmuir拟合方程 Langmuir fitting equation			Freundlich拟合方程 Freundlich fitting equation
处理 Treatment	最大吸附量 q_m/（mg·g^-1）	常数K_L Constant K_L	决定系数 R²	常数n Constant n	常数K_F Constant K_F	决定系数 R²
T1	1.22 a	0.052 a	0.932^**	2.06 c	0.030 c	0.917^**
T2	1.14 b	0.024 b	0.916^**	2.56 b	0.032 b	0.893^**
T3	0.87 c	0.025 b	0.876^**	3.73 a	0.034 a	0.728^**

图3 去除有机质条件下不同黑土磷吸附量注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。图中小图代表平衡含量为0 mg·L-1时的吸附量。

Fig. 3 Phosphorus adsorption capacity of different black soils under organic matter removal conditionsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level. The small figure represents the adsorption capacity at 0 mg·L-1.

图4 添加不同剂量有机肥条件下高有机质黑土对磷的吸附量注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 4 Phosphorus adsorption capacity of high organic matter black soil with different dosage of organic fertilizerNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

表3 不同剂量有机肥处理下黑土磷吸附等温方程参数

Table 3 Parameters of phosphorus adsorption isothermal equation for black soil treated with different doses of organic fertilizer

处理 Treatment	Langmuir方程 Langmuir equation			Freundlich方程 Freundlich equation
处理 Treatment	最大吸附量q_m/（mg·g^-1）	常数K_L Constant K_L	决定系数 R²	常数n Constant n	常数K_F Constant K_F	决定系数 R²
C1	1.65 a	0.085 a	0.948^**	1.62 c	0.030 a	0.893^**
C2	-1.46 c	-0.048 b	0.955^**	1.89 b	0.027 ab	0.741^**
C3	-0.82 b	-0.098 c	0.909^**	3.51 a	0.019 c	0.874^**

图5 添加不同剂量有机肥下高有机质黑土磷吸附量注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 5 Phosphorus adsorption capacity of high organic matter black soil with different dosage of organic fertilizerNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

表4 添加不同剂量有机肥高有机质农田土壤磷吸附动力学参数

Table 4 Kinetic parameters of phosphorus adsorption in high organic matter farmland soil with different doses of organic fertilizer were added

处理 Treatment	准一级动力方程 Pseudo-first-order kinetics equation			准二级动力方程 Pseudo-second-order kinetics equation
处理 Treatment	磷吸附总量 q_e/（mg·g^-1）	常数k₁ Constant k₁	决定系数 R²	磷吸附总量 q_e/（mg·g^-1）	常数k₂ Constant k₂	决定系数 R²
C1	0.161 a	0.058 a	0.941^**	0.166 a	0.005 b	0.972^**
C2	0.148 b	0.045 c	0.944^**	0.151 b	0.006 a	0.965^**
C3	0.132 c	0.054 b	0.938^**	0.135 c	0.006 a	0.969^**

图6 添加不同剂量有机肥条件下土壤理化指标注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 6 Soil physical and chemical indexes under different levels of organic fertilizerNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

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