人参锈腐病对人参品质和土壤相关因子的影响研究

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0799

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究锈腐病对人参品质和土壤相关因子的影响，以罹患锈腐病人参、健康人参及其根际土壤为试验材料，检测土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性，利用高效液相色谱法检测人参根及根际土壤内酚酸、皂苷含量，并利用分子手段检测土壤中病原菌数量。结果表明，人参根内大部分皂苷含量随锈腐病的加剧而减少，降幅为50.1%~72.5%；土壤中参根分泌的化感物质的种类、含量与人参病害程度密切相关，部分皂苷类物质含量升高，最高增长了7.5倍，且频率有所增加；丁二酸、肉桂酸含量显著高于健康株，较健康株分别增加3.69、2.39倍。对土壤因子的测定发现，除过氧化氢酶的活性随病害的加剧而升高，其余土壤质量指标均随病害的加剧而下降，其中速效磷降幅高达55.0%，且在病害初发时含量即开始下降，可以表征人参锈腐病的发生。相关性分析表明，病原菌数量与土壤因子的灰色关联度为0.362 5~0.497 5，与化感物质的灰色关联度为0.182 5~0.619 9。以上结果表明，人参患锈腐病后会影响人参品质，因此，改善土壤环境、调节土壤生态平衡、降低人参患病几率、是提高人参质量的有效途径。

关键词: 人参质量, 锈腐病, 土壤理化性质, 土壤酶活, 分子检测

Abstract:

In order to study the effect of ginseng rust rot on ginseng quality and soil related factors， the rust rot infested ginseng， healthy ginseng and its rhizosphere soil were used as materials to detect soil physicochemical properties and soil enzyme activities.The contents of phenolic acid and saponin in ginseng root and rhizosphere soil were determined by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， and the number of pathogenic bacteria in soil was determined by molecular means. The results showed that ginseng root saponin content decreased by 50.1%~72.5% with rust rot increase； the soil and root secretion of the kinds of allelochemicals， content was closely related to the degree of ginseng disease， part of the saponins class matter content increased， the highest increased by 7.5 times， and the frequency increased；succinic acid， cinnamic acid content was significantly higher than healthy plants， compared with the healthy plant， and it increased 3.69 and 2.39 times， respectively. The determination of soil factors showed that except catalase activity increased with the aggravation of the disease， the other soil quality indexes decreased with the aggravation of the disease， among which the reduction of available phosphorus was as high as 55.0%， and the content of soil quality decreased at the initial onset of the disease， it could characterize the occurrence of ginseng rust rot. According to the correlation analysis， the gray correlation degree between the number of pathogenic bacteria and soil factors was 0.362 5~0.497 5， and the gray correlation degree between the number of pathogenic bacteria and allelochemicals was 0.182 5~0.619 9. Above results indicated that the quality of ginseng would be affected directly or indirectly after the disease of ginseng. Therefore， improving the soil environment， regulating the soil ecological balance and reducing the incidence of ginseng disease were one of the ways to improve the quality of ginseng.

Key words: ginseng quality, rust rot, physical and chemical properties of soil, soil enzyme activity, molecular detection

中图分类号:

S41-30

张桐毓, 勾颖, 李琪, 杨莉. 人参锈腐病对人参品质和土壤相关因子的影响研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(3): 124-133.

Tongyu ZHANG, Ying GOU, Qi LI, Li YANG. Effects of Ginseng Rust Rot on Ginseng Quality and Soil Related Factors[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(3): 124-133.

图/表 11

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取样点 Sample point	种植时间 Planting time/a	病级 Disease degree
取样点 Sample point	种植时间 Planting time/a	0	1	2	3	4
敦化市 Dunhua city	2	√	√	√
	3	√	√	√
	4	√	√
珲春市 Hunchun city	4	√	√	√	√	√
龙井市 Longjing city	4	√	√	√
龙井市 Longjing city	5	√	√
汪清县 Wangqing county	5	√	√	√	√	√

取样点 Sample point	种植时间 Planting time/a	病级 Disease degree
取样点 Sample point	种植时间 Planting time/a	0	1	2	3	4
敦化市 Dunhua city	2	√	√	√
	3	√	√	√
	4	√	√
珲春市 Hunchun city	4	√	√	√	√	√
龙井市 Longjing city	4	√	√	√
龙井市 Longjing city	5	√	√
汪清县 Wangqing county	5	√	√	√	√	√

时间 Time/min	甲醇 Methanol/%	磷酸二氢钠 Sodium dihydrogen phosphate/%
1	45.0	55.0
10	55.0	45.0
13	71.0	29.0
15	45.0	55.0

时间 Time/min	甲醇 Methanol/%	磷酸二氢钠 Sodium dihydrogen phosphate/%
1	45.0	55.0
10	55.0	45.0
13	71.0	29.0
15	45.0	55.0

成分 Ingredient	回归方程 Regression equation	决定系数 R²	线性范围 Linearity range/（µg·mL^-1）
Rg₁	Y=471.10X+7.325	1.000 0	0.125~2.000
Re	Y=385.02X+5.727	0.999 9	0.125~2.000
Rf	Y=357.20X+0.938	1.000 0	0.125~2.000
Rb₁	Y=276.14X+5.638	1.000 0	0.125~2.000
Rg₂	Y=450.48X+2.952	0.999 9	0.125~2.000
Rc	Y=239.24X+5.564	0.999 9	0.125~2.000
Rb₂	Y=269.98X+3.067	0.999 9	0.125~2.000
Rb₃	Y=269.55X+0.705	0.999 9	0.125~2.000
Rg₃	Y=302.66X+3.355	0.999 7	0.125~2.000
Rd	Y=286.91X+0.928	0.999 9	0.125~2.000
苯甲酸Benzoic acid	Y=2.546 8X+1.176	0.999 3	1.000~8.000
邻苯二甲酸Phthalic acid	Y=4.120 9X+3.160	0.999 1	1.000~8.000
肉桂酸Cinnamic acid	Y=4.195 2X+1.279	0.999 0	1.000~8.000
丁二酸Succinic acid	Y=3.703 1X+2.326	0.999 2	1.000~8.000