水气互作对膜下滴灌玉米生理生长及产量的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0963

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究水气互作对膜下滴灌玉米生理生长及产量的影响，探寻膜下滴灌玉米适宜的水气组合模式，以‘新玉66’为试验材料，设置3 375（W1）、4 500（W2）、5 625（W3）、6 750 m³?hm^-2（W4）4个灌溉水平和加气滴灌（A）与不加气滴灌（C）2种灌水方式，分析不同水、气处理下滴灌玉米生理生长和产量的变化。结果表明，随着灌水量增加，玉米的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、地上部干物质量及产量先增大后降低，胞间CO₂浓度和灌溉水分利用效率降低，W3水平下产量最大。加气滴灌较不加气处理提高了玉米的株高、茎粗、叶面积指数；加气滴灌下玉米净光合速率显著增加5.39%~10.09%（P<0.05），气孔导度显著提高10.64%~18.40%（P<0.05），蒸腾速率显著增加7.07%~15.27%（P<0.05），干物质量显著增加5.53%~7.76%（P<0.05），在W3灌溉水平下增长率最大。加气滴灌使玉米产量和灌溉水分利用效率平均提高3.58%~6.64%和3.36%~6.63%，在W3灌溉水平下的影响更显著（P<0.05），AW3处理玉米产量达到最大，为14 629 kg?hm^-2。以上结果表明，AW3处理即加气滴灌下、灌水量为5 625 m³?hm^-2时，可促进膜下滴灌玉米生长，提高产量。以上研究结果可为新疆干旱绿洲区玉米生产提供理论基础及技术指导。

关键词: 加气灌溉, 膜下滴灌, 玉米, 生理生长, 产量

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of water and air interaction on physiological growth and yield of maize under mulched drip irrigation and to explore the suitable water and air combination mode of maize under mulched drip irrigation， a field experiment was conducted with ‘Xinyu 66’ as material. 4 irrigation levels including 3 375（W1）， 4 500（W2）， 5 625（W3）， 6 750 m³?hm^-2（W4） and 2 irrigation methods including aerated drip irrigation（A） and non-aerated drip irrigation（C） were set up， and the changes of physiological growth and yield of drip irrigation maize under different water and air interaction treatments were analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of irrigation amount， the net photosynthetic rate， stomatal conductance， transpiration rate， aboveground dry matter mass and yield of maize increased first and then decreased， the intercellular CO₂ concentration and irrigation water use efficiency decreased， and the yield was the highest under W3 level. The aerated drip irrigation increased the plant height， stem diameter and leaf area index of maize compared with the non-aerated drip irrigation. Under aerated drip irrigation， the net photosynthetic rate was significantly increased by 5.39%~10.09% （P<0.05）， stomatal conductance was significantly increased by 10.64%~18.40% （P<0.05）， transpiration rate was significantly increased by 7.07%~15.27% （P<0.05）， dry matter weight was significantly increased by 5.53% ~7.76% （P<0.05）， with the highest growth rate under W3 irrigation. Aerated drip irrigation increased maize yield and irrigation water use efficiency by 3.58%~6.64% and 3.36%~6.63% on average， and the effect was more significant under W3 irrigation level （P<0.05）. The maximum yield of AW3 treatment was 14 629 kg?hm^-2. Above results showed that AW3 treatment could promote the growth of maize and increase the yield when the irrigation amount was 5 625 m³?hm^-2 under aerated drip irrigation. Above results provided theoretical basis and technical guidance for maize production in arid oasis of Xinjiang.

Key words: aerated irrigation, mulched drip irrigation, maize, physiological growth, yield

中图分类号:

S513

吴梅, 张金珠, 王振华, 刘健, 温越, 李宣志. 水气互作对膜下滴灌玉米生理生长及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(8): 189-200.

Mei WU, Jinzhu ZHANG, Zhenhua WANG, Jian LIU, Yue WEN, Xuanzhi LI. Effects of Water and Air Interaction on Physiological Growth and Yield of Maize Under Mulched Drip Irrigation[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(8): 189-200.

图/表 12

参考文献 37

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处理Treatment	灌水方式Irrigation method	灌水量Irrigation amount/（m³∙hm^-2）
AW1	加气滴灌Aerated drip irrigation	3 375
AW2	加气滴灌Aerated drip irrigation	4 500
AW3	加气滴灌Aerated drip irrigation	5 625
AW4	加气滴灌Aerated drip irrigation	6 750
CW1	不加气滴灌Non-aerated drip irrigation	3 375
CW2	不加气滴灌Non-aerated drip irrigation	4 500
CW3	不加气滴灌Non-aerated drip irrigation	5 625
CW4	不加气滴灌Non-aerated drip irrigation	6 750

处理Treatment	灌水方式Irrigation method	灌水量Irrigation amount/（m³∙hm^-2）
AW1	加气滴灌Aerated drip irrigation	3 375
AW2	加气滴灌Aerated drip irrigation	4 500
AW3	加气滴灌Aerated drip irrigation	5 625
AW4	加气滴灌Aerated drip irrigation	6 750
CW1	不加气滴灌Non-aerated drip irrigation	3 375
CW2	不加气滴灌Non-aerated drip irrigation	4 500
CW3	不加气滴灌Non-aerated drip irrigation	5 625
CW4	不加气滴灌Non-aerated drip irrigation	6 750

指标 Index	处理 Treatment	苗期 Seedling stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	抽雄期 Tasseling stage	灌浆期 Filling stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
株高 Plant height	W	2.364	79.350^**	30.847^**	53.001^**	43.632^**
	AC	0.043	51.218^**	18.652^*	19.512^**	20.720^**
	W×AC	0.689	0.691	0.133	0.170	0.026
茎粗 Stem diameter	W	1.387	24.403^**	60.512^**	51.643^**	77.642^**
	AC	3.333	14.007^*	17.009^**	14.105^**	18.019^*
	W×AC	0.143	0.684	0.651	0.369	0.594
叶面积指数 Leaf area index	W	2.094	34.377^**	38.051^**	45.001^**	46.526^**
	AC	0.149	11.731^*	23.200^**	29.208^**	31.186^**
	W×AC	0.705	0.435	0.403	0.368	1.049

指标 Index	处理 Treatment	苗期 Seedling stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	抽雄期 Tasseling stage	灌浆期 Filling stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
株高 Plant height	W	2.364	79.350^**	30.847^**	53.001^**	43.632^**
	AC	0.043	51.218^**	18.652^*	19.512^**	20.720^**
	W×AC	0.689	0.691	0.133	0.170	0.026
茎粗 Stem diameter	W	1.387	24.403^**	60.512^**	51.643^**	77.642^**
	AC	3.333	14.007^*	17.009^**	14.105^**	18.019^*
	W×AC	0.143	0.684	0.651	0.369	0.594
叶面积指数 Leaf area index	W	2.094	34.377^**	38.051^**	45.001^**	46.526^**
	AC	0.149	11.731^*	23.200^**	29.208^**	31.186^**
	W×AC	0.705	0.435	0.403	0.368	1.049

处理 Treatment	干物质量/（g·株^-1） Dry matter accumulation/（g·plant^-1）
处理 Treatment	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	穗 Spike	总 Total
AW1	41.80±1.20 ef	22.92±1.22 de	197.31±3.79 de	262.02±3.75 de
AW2	45.66±0.83 d	27.15±1.02 bc	216.20±5.68 c	289.01±5.63 c
AW3	51.82±0.74 a	30.72±1.22 a	235.80±7.53 a	318.34±6.89 a
AW4	50.09±1.58 ab	29.26±1.50 ab	230.53±6.71 ab	309.89±9.64 ab
CW1	40.32±1.42 f	21.67±1.08 e	186.29±6.53 e	248.29±8.70 e
CW2	43.33±1.87 e	24.87±1.65 cd	202.21±8.00 d	270.41±11.24 d
CW3	48.19±1.62 bc	28.00±1.05 b	219.21±3.93 bc	295.40±5.72 bc
CW4	47.52±0.90 cd	27.77±0.99 b	217.88±7.95 bc	293.17±8.85 c
W	57.296^**	39.452^**	38.325^**	53.463^**
AC	21.259^**	14.678^*	26.447^**	31.153^**
W×AC	0.668	0.458	0.200	0.357