4种轮作模式下长期连作烟田土壤微生态的响应特征

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0743

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2024, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (3): 174-187.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0743

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

4种轮作模式下长期连作烟田土壤微生态的响应特征

周旭东¹^,²(), 韩天华³, 申云鑫¹, 施竹凤¹, 贺彪³, 杨明英¹, 裴卫华¹, 何永宏¹, 杨佩文¹()

^1.云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，昆明 650205
^2.云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司澄江分公司，云南澄江 652500
^3.云南省烟草公司丽江市公司，云南丽江 674100

收稿日期:2022-09-04 接受日期:2022-10-31 出版日期:2024-03-15 发布日期:2024-03-07
通讯作者: 杨佩文
作者简介:周旭东E-mail：1018595481@qq.com；
基金资助:
云南省烟草公司科技计划项目(2023530700242002);云南省科技计划重大科技专项(202202AE090015)

Response Characteristics of Soil Microecology in Long-term Continuous Cropping Tobacco Field Under 4 Rotation Patterns

Xudong ZHOU¹^,²(), Tianhua HAN³, Yunxin SHEN¹, Zhufeng SHI¹, Biao HE³, Mingying YANG¹, Weihua PEI¹, Yonghong HE¹, Peiwen YANG¹()

^1.Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources，Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Kunming 650205，China
^2.Chengjiang Branch in Yuxi Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province，Yunnan Chengjiang 652500，China
^3.Lijiang Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province，Yunnan Lijiang 674100，China

Received:2022-09-04 Accepted:2022-10-31 Online:2024-03-15 Published:2024-03-07
Contact: Peiwen YANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究烤烟与不同作物轮作对长期连作植烟土壤质量调控的效果，以连作10年以上的植烟田块为对照（CK），设置大麦-烤烟（YCDM）、大蒜-烤烟（YCDS）、油菜-烤烟（YCYC）和蚕豆-烤烟（YCCD）共4种不同作物与烤烟轮作，分析不同轮作处理下土壤的理化性质、酶活性及微生物群落结构。基于相关性分析和冗余分析，解析土壤理化性质和酶活性与微生物群落结构间的关系。结果表明，轮作处理的土壤容重较CK降低26.58%~30.29%，总孔隙度增加21.13%~48.26%；其中烤烟-蚕豆（YCCD）轮作模式下土壤的pH、水解氮（available nitrogen，AN）、有效磷（available phosphorus，AP）和速效钾（ available potassium，AK）含量较CK显著提高11.84%、30.57%、6.42%和41.5 1%。轮作处理的土壤过氧化氢酶（catalase，CAT）、蔗糖酶（invertase，INV）、脲酶（urease，URE）和酸性磷酸酶（acid phosphatase，ACP）的活性较CK分别提高16.81%~42.35%、38.09%~51.48%、7.69%~64.29%和5.82%~76.33%，蚕豆-烤烟（YCCD）轮作模式的提升效果最为显著。高通量测序结果表明，轮作处理下细菌的OTUs数量显著高于CK。α多样性显示，不同轮作处理间的细菌群落丰富度和多样性差异显著；真菌群落的丰富度差异显著，而多样性差异不显著。β多样性分析显示，不同轮作处理之间土壤真菌群落差异较小，细菌群落差异较大。其中，蚕豆-烤烟（YCCD）轮作处理的细菌、真菌群落与CK差异较大。在门水平，烤烟-蚕豆（YCCD）轮作使酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria）的相对丰度增加，子囊菌门（Ascomycota）的相对丰度减少。相关性分析和冗余分析表明，URE、AN、AK和pH是影响土壤微生物群落结构的关键因子。综上所述，烤烟与其他作物合理轮作可提高土壤速效养分含量和土壤酶活性，调节土壤微生物群落结构，消减烤烟连作障碍，最终达到烤烟稳产、增产的目的。

关键词: 植烟土壤, 轮作, 土壤理化性质, 土壤酶活性, 微生物群落

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of rotation of flue-cured tobacco and different crops on soil quality control of long-term continuous cropping， 4 rotation treatments were set， including barley and flue-cured tobacco （YCDM）， garlic and flue-cured tobacco （YCDS）， rape and flue-cured tobacco （YCYC）， and broad bean and flue-cured tobacco （YCCD）， and the tobacco planting plots with continuous cropping for more than 10 years was used as control （CK）. The physicochemical properties， enzyme activities and microbial community structures of soils under different rotation treatments were analyzed. Based on correlation analysis and redundancy analysis， the relationship between soil physicochemical properties， enzyme activities and microbial community structure was analyzed. The results showed that， compared with CK， soil bulk density decreased by 26.58%~30.29% and total porosity increased by 21.13%~48.26%. Compared with CK， soil pH， available nitrogen （AN）， available phosphorus （AP） and available potassium （AK） contents under the YCCD treatment significantly increased by 11.84%， 30.57%， 6.42% and 41.1%， respectively. Compared with CK， the activities of catalase （CAT）， invertase （INV）， urease （URE） and acid phosphatase （ACP） increased by 16.81%~42.35%， 38.09%~51.48%， 7.69%~64.29% and 5.82%~76.33%， respectively. The YCCD mode had the most significant improvement effect. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the OTUs of bacteria under rotation treatments was significantly higher than that of CK. The α-diversity showed that the richness and diversity of bacterial communities were significantly different among different rotation treatments. The richness of fungal communities was significantly different， but the diversity was not. The results of β-diversity analysis showed that the differences of soil fungal communities among different rotation treatments were small， and the differences of soil bacterial communities were large. Among them， YCCD treatment had the largest difference in bacterial and fungal communities compared with CK. At the phylum level， the YCCD treatment increased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria， while decreased the relative abundance of Ascomycota. Correlation analysis and redundancy analysis showed that URE， AN， AK and pH were the key factors affecting soil microbial community structure. In conclusion， reasonable rotation of flue-cured tobacco and other crops could improve soil available nutrient content and soil enzyme activity， and then regulate soil microbial community structure， which could reduce the obstacles of continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco， and finally achieve the goal of stable yield and increase of flue-cured tobacco.

Key words: tobacco planting soil, crop rotation, physical and chemical properties of soil, soil enzyme activity, microbial community

中图分类号:

S572

周旭东, 韩天华, 申云鑫, 施竹凤, 贺彪, 杨明英, 裴卫华, 何永宏, 杨佩文. 4种轮作模式下长期连作烟田土壤微生态的响应特征[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(3): 174-187.

Xudong ZHOU, Tianhua HAN, Yunxin SHEN, Zhufeng SHI, Biao HE, Mingying YANG, Weihua PEI, Yonghong HE, Peiwen YANG. Response Characteristics of Soil Microecology in Long-term Continuous Cropping Tobacco Field Under 4 Rotation Patterns[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(3): 174-187.

图/表 10

图1 不同轮作模式下土壤的物理性状注：*表示不同轮作模式间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 1 Soil physical properties of different rotation patternsNote： * indicates significant difference between different rotation patterns at P<0.05 level.

表1 轮作模式下土壤的化学性质

Tab 1 Soil chemical properties under different rotation patterns

土壤化学指标 Soil chemical indicater	YCDM	YCDS	YCYC	YCCD	CK
pH	5.29±0.74 bc	6.02±0.13 ab	5.69±0.59 ab	6.25±0.26 a	4.73±0.36 c
电导率 Electric conductivity/（μS·cm^-1）	107.72±13.58 b	156.93±11.09 a	75.39±12.65 c	120.59±8.31 b	118.56±16.01 b
有机质 Organic matter/（g·kg^-1）	49.91±5.86 a	35.44±5.64 b	33.11±7.67 b	40.50±21.41 b	38.34±1.41 b
全氮 Total nitrogen/（g·kg^-1）	1.89±0.14 a	1.87±0.26 b	1.87±0.43 b	1.87±0.14 b	1.84±0.11 c
碱解氮 Available nitrogen/（mg·kg^-1）	194.03±6.29 c	185.26±7.83 c	193.95±4.55 c	231.30±6.49 a	205.71±8.26 b
全磷 Total phosphorus/（g·kg^-1）	1.55±0.24 a	1.22±0.16 ab	1.11±0.18 b	1.31±0.30 ab	1.22±0.15 ab
有效磷 Available phosphorus/（mg·kg^-1）	115.73±7.25 a	84.02±4.79 d	105.75±4.34 b	121.50±1.74 a	91.49±5.64 c
全钾 Total potassium/（g·kg^-1）	15.94±2.33 a	15.68±1.08 a	15.32±0.71 a	16.29±1.19 a	15.66±1.03 a
速效钾 Available potassium/（mg·kg^-1）	313.04±5.21 a	316.59±10.65 a	128.11±7.14 d	244.76±5.26 b	158.12±10.28 c

图2 不同轮作模式下土壤酶活性注：*表示不同轮作模式间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 2 Soil enzyme activities of different rotation patternsNote： * indicates significant difference between different rotation patterns at P<0.05 level.

图3 不同轮作模式土壤共有及特有OTUs数量

Fig. 3 Common and unique OTUs number in soils under different rotation patterns

表2 不同轮作模式土壤微生物群落α多样性分析

Tab 2 Analysis of soil microbial community α diversity under different rotation patterns

类别 Category	处理Treatment	物种数目 Number of species	丰富度指数Richness index		多样性指数Diversity index
类别 Category	处理Treatment	物种数目 Number of species	Ace指数 Ace index	Chao指数 Chao index	Shannon指数Shannon index	Simpson指数Simpson index
细菌 Bacteria	YCDM	2 617±29.61 bc	2 630.09±25.21 b	2 637.78±23.85 bc	5.36±0.08 ab	0.011 2±0.000 0 a
	YCDS	2 689.33±91.50 b	2 703.30±13.66 a	2 692.47±94.15 b	5.36±0.16 ab	0.011 0±0.020 1 a
	YCYC	2 576±33.72 c	2 587.98±18.32 bc	2 581.78±41.67 bc	5.29±0.06 ab	0.015 0±0.010 1 a
	YCCD	2 760.33±44.28 a	2 757.22±49.40 a	2 791.57±76.03 a	5.47±0.12 a	0.008 9±0.000.0 b
	CK	2 545.67±64.05 c	2 547.97±59.53 c	2 555.88±60.62 c	5.26±0.09 b	0.014 7±0.011 1 a
真菌 Fungi	YCDM	357.33±15.57 c	365.73±14.86 c	366.13±10.87 c	3.14±1.03 a	0.115 8±0.071 2 a
	YCDS	379.00±26.15 c	389.52±26.52 c	391.63±26.11 bc	3.32±0.19 a	0.079 9±0.051 1 a
	YCYC	439.00±23.07 a	450.15±20.14 a	452.71±20.36 a	4.06±0.30 a	0.038 4±0.010 3 a
	YCCD	389.67±18.01 bc	398.71±17.10 bc	404.67±16.30 ab	3.82±0.54 a	0.059 0±0.041 5 a
	CK	421.33±14.29 ab	428.48±16.15 ab	429.39±16.18 ab	3.92±0.31 a	0.039 1±0.011 2 a

图4 不同轮作模式土壤微生物群落PCoA分析A：细菌；B：真菌

Fig. 4 PCoA analysis of soil microbial communities under different rotation patternsA： Bacteria； B： Fungi

图5 不同轮作模式土壤细菌的群落组成

Fig. 5 Soil bacterial community composition under different rotation patterns

图6 不同轮作模式土壤真菌的群落组成

Fig. 6 Soil fungal community composition under different rotation patterns

图7 理化性质与土壤微生物优势菌门间的相关性分析A：细菌；B：真菌。EC—电导率；SOM—有机质；TN—全氮；AN—碱解氮；TP—全磷；AP—有效磷；TK—全钾；AK—速效钾；CAT—过氧化氢酶；INV—蔗糖酶；URE—脲酶；ACP—酸性磷酸酶。*表示在P<0.05水平相关显著

Fig. 7 Correlation analysis between physical and chemical properties and dominant phyla of soil microorganismsA：Bacteria； B：Fungi. EC—Electrical conductivity； SOM—Organic matter； TN—Total nitrogen； AN—Available nitrogen； TP—Total phosphorus； AP—Available phosphorus； TK—Total potassium； AK—Available potassium； CAT—Catalase； INV—Invertin； URE—Urease； ACP—Acid phosphatase； * indicates significant correlation at P<0.05 level

图8 土壤微生物优势菌门与理化性质的冗余分析A：细菌；B：真菌。EC—电导率；SOM—土壤有机质；TN—全氮；AN—碱解氮；TP—全磷；AP—有效磷；TK—全钾；AK—速效钾；CAT—过氧化氢酶；INV—蔗糖酶；URE—脲酶；ACP—酸性磷酸酶

Fig. 8 Redundancy analysis of dominant phyla and physicochemical properties of soil microorganismsA： Bacteria； B： Fungi. EC—Electrical conductivity； SOM—Soil organic matter； TN—Total nitrogen； AN—Available nitrogen； TP—Total phosphorus； AP—Available phosphorus； TK—Total potassium； AK—Available potassium； CAT—Catalase； INV—Invertin； URE—Urease； ACP—Acid phosphatase

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4种轮作模式下长期连作烟田土壤微生态的响应特征

Response Characteristics of Soil Microecology in Long-term Continuous Cropping Tobacco Field Under 4 Rotation Patterns

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